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Composition of feed, top and bottom and relative volatilities are:

The key components selected are n-C4 and i-C5 as light and heavy key respctively.
Components

Xf

i-C4
n-C4
i-C5
5N5
2,2 DMC4
2,3 DMC4
2MC5
3MC5
5N6
6N6
6N7

K-Value (HK)
Avg Temp T

0.1895
0.2032
0.314
0.0238
0.0623
0.018
0.0652
0.04
0.0426
0.039
0.0025

1.2430511515 i-C5
153.15 F

Xd
0.4789
0.5052
0.0159
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Xb

K-Values

0
0.0064
0.5082
0.0394
0.1032
0.0298
0.1079
0.0661
0.0704
0.0644
0.0042

3.4805390744
2.652914257
1.2430511515
0.7257098147
0.6721397855
0.5315962478
0.5025371437
0.4576320077
0.3656216515
0.2939287917
0.153777559

67.31 C

Calculation of minimum number of stages Nm:


From Fenske Equation

Nm
Nm

10.332829229
11

Calculation of minimum reflux ratio:


From Colburn and Underwood we have an expression for minimum reflux ratio
(i * Xif)/(i - )
0.3790004519
0.5906716939
-0.785
-0.0170239936
-0.0392033152
-0.0079167101
-0.0264720929
-0.0142715695
-0.011330508
-0.007925661
-0.0002423229
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-value can be found by

feed is at boiling point so q=1


therefore at =1.7

Rm+1
Rm

2.3865911998
1.3865911998

Sum
-Value 1.4

0.0602859725

Reflux ratio is 1.2 times the minimum reflux ratio


Reflux Ratio
Reflux Ratio

1.2 Rm
1.6639094397

Calculation of Number of theoretical plates:


we first need to find the ratios of (Rm/Rm+1) and (R/R+1)
Rm/Rm+1

0.5809923375

R/R+1

0.6246118636

From Erbar-Maddox correlation


Nm/N
Nm
N

Vis A

0.32
11
34.375

Number of theoretical plates


Nth

35

Plate Efficiency calculation (Eo):


O'Connell's correlation.

302.51
265.84
367.32
406.69
438.44
444.19

170.2
160.2
191.58
231.67
226.67
228.86

384.13
372.11

208.27
207.55

440.52
653.62
528.41

243.24
290.84
271.58

For Viscosity we have

Molar avg Viscosity a

0.1744866103 mNs/m2

Relative volatility a
a*a

2.134195567

0.3723885502

from O'Connell's graph for efficiency of the column (E o)


Eo

60 %

Actual Number of Trays:


Nth

35

Eo

0.6

Actual Plates

Nth/Eo

Vis B

N
N

58.333333333
59

Feed-point location:
Using Krikbride empirical equation

here

log (Nr/Ns)
Nr/Ns

B
D

1402 lbmol/hr
915.4 lbmol/hr

-0.085755998
0.820812577

Plates in stripping section (Below the feed)


N=Nr+Ns
Nr+Ns
Ns
Ns

59
32.40311537
33

Plates in rectifying section (Above the feed)


Nr
Nr
Feed-point

N-Ns
26
27

Column Diameter Calculation:


Flooding velocity can be estimated from the correlation given by Fair

here Uf is the flooding velocity based on net area An


At this stage we need to find the liquid-vapor flow factor F LV for top and bottom for constant K1

Assume tray spacing of

0.5 m

Rectifying Section:
Following are the necessary physical properties for Diameter calculation taken from HYSYS
v

10.96 Kg/m3

542.5 Kg/m3
9.416 dyne/cm

Lw
Vw
FLV

or

0.009416

45670 kg/hr
70180 kg/hr
0.0924960216

from graph
K1

0.07
for values other than 0.02N/m surface tension a correction is applied for K 1

K1

0.06021

Now the flooding velocity


Uf
0.4193030581 m/s
Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate
Maximum allowable vapor velocity based on the net column cross sctional area
Uv
Uf * 0.85
Uv

0.3564075993 m/s

Maximum volumetric flow rate

6403 m3/hr
1.778611 m3/s

Net Area required

An

Take downcomer area as 12% of the total cross sectional area

5.0

Total column cross sectional area

Ac

5.67

Diameter of the column


D=((At 4)/)
Dia
2.6869067354 m
or

8.8
9.0

Stripping Section:
Following are the necessary physical properties for Diameter calculation taken from HYSYS
v

13.87 Kg/m3

560 Kg/m3
8.261 dyne/cm

Lw
Vw
FLV

or

0.008261

117600 kg/hr
67860 kg/hr
0.2727329961

from graph
K1

0.065
for values other than 0.02N/m surface tension a correction is applied for K 1

K1

0.05

Now the flooding velocity


Uf
0.341761918 m/s
Design for 85% flooding at maximum flow rate
Maximum allowable vapor velocity based on the net column cross sctional area
Uv
Uf * 0.85
Uv

0.2904976303 m/s

Maximum volumetric flow rate

4891 m3/hr
1.358611 m3/s

Net Area required

An

4.7

Take downcomer area as 12% of the total cross sectional area


Total column cross sectional area
Diameter of the column

Ac

5.31

D=((At 4)/)

Dia
2.6011287735 m
or
8.5
Both diameters differ less than 20%, therefore we will have same diameter through out the column.
Therefore, governing Diameter
9

Plate Areas:
Ac

Total column cross seectional area


Ac

Ad

Cross sectional area of downcomer


Ad

An

5.91 m2

0.7093202392 m2

Net area available


An

Aa

Ah

12% of Ac

Ac-Ad (for single pass)


5.20 m2

Active or bubbling area

Ac-2Ad

Aa

4.4923615148 m2

Hole area

normally 10% of Aa

Ah

0.4492361515 m2

Weir Dimensions:
Recommended values for columns operating above atmospheric pressure for Weir Height
hw
hw

40-50mm
50 mm

Weir length of 0.77 times Dc is recommended or we can use graph for weir length
Ad/Ac
From graph the ratio

0.12 or

12

lw/Dc
lw

0.77
2.1122639324 m

or

Number of tray passes:


For one pass design, the liquid flow rate does not exceed 7to 13 gpm/in of outletweir .
for top section
liq flow
weir length lw
Ratio

370.6 gpm
83.160042245 in
4.4564671926 gpm/in of weir

for bottom section


liq flow
weir length lw
Ratio

924.3 gpm
83.160042245 in
11.114712968 gpm/in of weir

Both top and bottom liquid flow rate are in the given recommended range.
So we have selected singe pass cross flow with sgmental downcomer.

Other tray specifications:


Assumed tray spacing
Hole diameter
Plate thickness

0.5 m
5 mm
5 mm

for carbon steel

Tray Hydraulics:
Weep Point:

from HYSYS

Maximum liquid rate


Turn down ratio
Min liq rate

Weir crest

117600 kg/hr
32.66667 kg/s
70 %
22.86667

Maximum
Minimum

how
how

At minimum rate
K2
From graph

68.52363 mm of liq
54.02221 mm of liq
hw+how

104.0222 mm
31

minimum design vapor velocity


Actual minimum vapor velocity

3.3939765976
Minimum Vapor rate/Ah
2.1169885252

Plate pressure drop:


Plate pressure drop is given by
first we calculate dry plate pressure drop

for orifice coefficient Co we use graph


Plate thickness/Hole diameter
Percent perforated area

1
0.1 or

from graph

Co

0.84

maximum vapor velocity through holes

Uh

3.0242693217

now

hd

16.3734789572

Residual head is given by

hr

22.321428571 mm of liq

The total plate drop is given by


ht

ht=hd+hr+(hw+how)
157.2185337 mm of liq

now
P
863.69573671 N/m2
for total pressure drop across all trays

Downcomer liquid backup:

or

here

Am is either the downcomer area or clearance area under the downcomer Aap, whichever is smaller
Taking height of Apron
hap
Area
Aap
Aap
hdc

hap=hw-10
40 mm
hap*lw
0.0844905573 m

less than downcomer area

79.127114099 mm of liq

downcomer liquid backup

hb

354.8693 mm of liq
0.354869 m

Residence time calculation:

tr

4.3151307135 s

3s

Entrainment Check:
percentage flooding = Un (act velocity based on net area)/Uf (flooding velocity based on net area)
Un
Uf
percentage flooding

0.261186896 m/s
0.341761918 m/s
0.7642363944
76.42363944 %

FLV

0.2727329961

from graph
fractional entrainment

0.005 well below 0.1

Total Number of holes:


Number of holes = Ah/ah
here

ah

area of one hole

dh
ah
ah
Number of holes

5 mm
* dh2/4
1.96375E-005 m2/hole
22876.443106
22877 holes

Height of Distillation Column:


Number of plates
Tray spacing
Distance between total plates

59
0.5
tray space*N
29.5

Top and bottom clearance usually amount to 15% of that required by trays
Top and Bottom Clearance
Tray thickness
total thickness

4.425
5
0.295

Total height of the column

34.22
112.2703448
113

ive volatilities are:


key respctively.
Relative Volatility
2.7999966617
2.134195567
1
0.583813316
0.5407177209
0.4276543626
0.4042771234
0.3681521932
0.2941324265
0.2364575194
0.1237097595

reflux ratio
(i * Xid)/(i - )
0.9578011419
1.4685400578
-0.03975
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.3865911998

Viscosity
0.1291676051
0.1322513834
0.145068836
0.2748272451
0.2256947407
0.2310974422

Xf * Viscosity
0.0244772612
0.0268734811
0.0455516145
0.0065408884
0.0140607823
0.004159754

0.1922573469 0.012535179
0.1995690888 0.0079827636
0.3039804678 0.0129495679
0.4703941072 0.0183453702
0.4039792283 0.0010099481
Sum

0.1744866103

and bottom for constant K1

ation taken from HYSYS

N/m

sctional area

m2

m2

ft
ft

ation taken from HYSYS

N/m

sctional area

m2

m2

ft
iameter through out the column.
ft

essure for Weir Height

for weir length


%

83.1600422453 in

pm/in of outletweir .

m/s
m/s

10

m/s
mm of liq

0.8636957367 KPa
50.9580484661 KPa

ncomer Aap, whichever is smaller

owncomer area

Setisfactory

ing velocity based on net area)

Setisfactory

m
m

m
mm/plate
m
m
ft
ft

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