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Abstract
Devonian sandstones of the Uere Formation are important oil exploration targets in the Solimoes Basin, western Brazilian Amazonia. The
basin fill comprises Ordovician to Permian sedimentary successions, Triassic diabase dykes and sills, and Cretaceous to Recent continental
deposits. This study deals with the Upper Devonian interval, which consists of sharp-based, progradational sandstones, attributed to a stormdominated shelf complex formed during an overall transgressive system tract, overlain by Frasnian-Famennian black shales. In spite of their
large lateral extent, the exploration of these sandstones is complicated by intense diagenesis, which strongly affected reservoir quality. The
main processes of porosity reduction are mechanical and chemical compaction and cementation by quartz overgrowths, carbonates (siderite
and dolomite) and fibrous illite. Porosity (up to 28%) was preserved by the inhibition of quartz overgrowth cementation and pressure
dissolution by grain-rimming, eogenetic, microcrystalline quartz and associated chalcedony, or smectite. Early diagenetic silica precipitation
is related to the dissolution of sponge spicules, which were concentrated in storm-reworked hybrid arenites and in interbedded spiculite
deposits. Locally, massive quartz cementation and recrystallisation occurred as a consequence of hot fluids circulation related to Triassic
magmatism.
q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Stratigraphy; Sandstone diagenesis; Reservoir quality
1. Introduction
During 70s and 80s, diagenetic studies on clastic
reservoirs quality concentrated in the mechanisms of
secondary porosity generation (Franks & Forester, 1984;
Giles & Marshall, 1986; Schmidt & McDonald, 1979;
Surdam, Boese, & Crossey, 1984). On the other hand, last
decade research dealt mostly with the diagenetic mechanisms of porosity preservation (Aase, Bjrkum, & Nadeau,
1996; Bloch, Lander, & Bonell, 2002; Jahren & Ramm,
2000; Pittman, Larese, & Heald, 1992). The objective of this
study is to unravel the controls on the observed preservation
of porosity and variation of quality in the Devonian
sandstone reservoirs of the Solimoes Basin (western
Brazilian Amazonia).
* Corresponding author. Fax: 55-51-3316-7047.
E-mail address: lfderos@inf.ufrgs.brs (L.F. De Ros).
1
National Petroleum Agency Grantee; present address: PETROBRAS
Corporate University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
0264-8172/02/$ - see front matter q 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00002-3
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
Therefore, this study aims to understand the stratigraphic, depositional and petrologic controls on the quality
of the Uere reservoirs. The data, parameters and patterns
generated by this research will be applied in the construction
of predictive models to be used in the systematic exploration
of the Devonian reservoirs.
2. Geological setting
The Solimoes Basin is a large cratonic sag that covers
around 600 000 km2 of northwestern of Brazil, containing
up to 4.5 km of marine to continental Palaeozoic deposits
covered by Cretaceous to Tertiary continental deposits.
Eohercynian extension caused normal faulting and uplift of
the source areas of Brazilian Shield to the south, the
Guyanas Shield to the north, and the Carauari Arch, which
divided the Solimoes Basin into the Jandiatuba and Jurua
sub-basins. The Carauari Arch exerted an important control
over the pre-Pennsylvanian sedimentation. Late Triassic to
Early Jurassic diabase sills and dykes were intruded in the
Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian sequences around
210 and 220 Ma ago, according to Ar/Ar dating (Szatmari,
1996). The thermal pulse related to this basic magmatism
played an important role in hydrocarbon generation,
expulsion and migration from the Devonian source
rocks to Devonian and Carboniferous reservoirs (Caputo
& Silva, 1990). The extensional period was followed by
Fig. 1. Location map of the Solimoes Basin, with inset showing the Sao Mateus Field. Sampled wells shown as black dots. Wells with only log data in white.
R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
1049
Fig. 2. Simplified stratigraphic chart of the Solimoes Basin (modified from Eiras et al., 1994) and detailed Devonian Sequence stratigraphy within the Sao
Mateus Field area (well NSM-1). Lithostratigraphic nomenclature informally adopted herein. LST, lowstand system tract; TST, transgressive system tract;
HST, highstand system tract. Two second-order sequence discontinuities (S1 and S5) bound the Devonian Sequence. S3 is a regionally correlatable surface,
corresponding to a transgressive erosion below the Uere sandstones.
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
Fig. 3. Well-log (gamma ray) cross-section of the Devonian Sequence through the Sao Mateus Field (A) and (B), and southern Solimoes Basin (C). Correlation
surfaces are defined for the Sao Mateus Field area, with approximate correspondence to the regional stratigraphic boundaries in Fig. 2: SB1, to S1; TES, to S3;
SB2, to S4, and SB3, to S5. Datum is set at the MFS, which corresponds to the Jandiatuba shales. See Fig. 1 for location of wells and text for further
explanation.
R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
1051
Fig. 3 (continued )
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
Fig. 4. Core photographs illustrating the main facies recognised in the Uere sandstones. (A) Facies Association 1: tabular cross-stratified to massive sandstones.
Note mottled aspect due to carbonate cementation. (B) Facies Association 2: sharp-based, parallel- to low-angle inclined cross-stratified sandstones and sponge
spiculites (SS). Note mud intraclast lag. (C) Facies Association 3: sponge spiculites interbedded with shales. (D) Strongly bioturbated hybrid arenites from
Facies Association 2, with a Teichchinus (Te) trace within a Cruziana ichnofabric. (E) Stacking pattern of Facies Association 2, displaying an overall
coarsening-upward trend composed of sharp-based (arrows), thinning-upward, cm-thick cycles with low-angle cross-stratified, bioturbated to massive
sandstones and shales.
4. Stratigraphic framework
The Devonian section was deposited in a very flat,
shallow and wide intracratonic depression, without a
distinct shelf/slope break. Therefore, the extremely low
relief of the basin implies that a change of a few meters in
relative sea level would cause the flooding of large areas.
There is a great lateral continuity (< 200 km) of the
facies associations contained between the discontinuity
surface S3 and the Jandiatuba shales (MFS; Fig. 3(A) (C)).
In their distal (NW) edge, there is a dominance of facies
associations 2 and 3.
R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
1053
Twenty-five thin-sections were carbon-coated and analysed with a Cameca Camebax SX50 electron microprobe
(EMP) equipped with four spectrometers and a backscattered electron detector (BSE). The operating conditions
were an acceleration voltage of 15 kV, beam diameter of
5 mm, beam current of 8 nA for the carbonates and, 12 nA
for the silicates. The standards used were anorthite (Ca, Al,
Si), olivine (Mg, Fe, Mn), microcline (K), barite (Ba),
strontianite (Sr) and jadeite (Na).
For the stable-isotope analyses of diagenetic carbonates,
the bulk sample was powdered (, 200 mesh) and reacted
with 100% phosphoric acid after 1 h at 25 8C for calcite and
at 50 8C for dolomite, and after 6 days at 50 8C for siderite.
The evolved CO2 gas was analysed for carbon and oxygen
isotopes on a SIRA-12 mass spectrometer. The phosphoric
acid fractionation factors used were 1.01025 for calcite at
25 8C (Friedman & ONeil, 1977) and 1.009082 for siderite
(Rosenbaum & Sheppard, 1986). The carbonate isotope data
are presented in the normal d notation relative to PDB
(Craig, 1957).
In this paper, the terms eo-, meso- and telodiagenesis are
applied for the diagenetic stages sensu Schmidt and
McDonald (1979).
The Uere sandstones range from very fine- to coarsegrained, with predominance of fine to medium grain size. The
sorting is usually moderate. There is a marked mixture of
well-rounded and angular grains in these sandstones,
indicating a mixture of recycled and first-cycle sediments.
The sandstones are essentially subarkoses, and rarely
quartzarenites (Folk, 1968). The minor dissolution of
feldspars has not significantly modified the original average
detrital composition from Q83F16.4L0.6 to present-day
Q85.4F14L0.6 (Fig. 5). Original composition was reconstructed
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
7. Diagenetic constituents
The main diagenetic processes affecting the Uere
sandstones are mechanical and chemical compaction,
authigenesis of various forms of silica, carbonates, and
clay minerals, and dissolution and replacement of detrital
grains by albite, carbonates, clay minerals, pyrite and TiO2.
7.1. Silica
The authigenesis of silica developed several habits in
the Uere sandstones, including (1) microquartz rims;
(2) intergranular pore-filling microquartz; (3) isopachous
chalcedony rims; (4) intergranular pore-filling displacive
chalcedony; (5) syntaxial quartz overgrowths and (6)
prismatic quartz outgrowths. The two latter habits are
widespread, whereas the first four habits are restricted to
sandstones (originally) rich in sponge spicules.
R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
1055
Fig. 6. (A) Optical photomicrograph of a sponge spiculite with mouldic pores after sponge spicules, rimmed and partially filled by chalcedony; plane light.
(B) Backscattered electrons (BSE) image of a glaucony ooid. (C) Optical photomicrograph of a sandstone with thin microcrystalline quartz rims. (D) Secondary
scanning electrons microscopy (SEM) image of a sandstone cemented by microcrystalline quartz rims. (E) SEM image detail showing rims of oriented
microquartz crystals. (F) SEM image of a grain surface rimmed by microcrystalline quartz and clay and minor fibrous illite (IS); note cryptocrystalline quartz
(Qc), as well as tiny quartz crystals grown on top of the clay coating (arrow); Qo: quartz outgrowth.
microquartz, commonly engulfing fibrous illite as scattered crystals, extending into mouldic, intra- and intergranular pores mostly in sandstones cemented by early
silica/clay (av. 1%; up to 6%; Fig. 7(C)).
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
Table 1
Statistical summary of the petrographic and petrophysical parameters of the Uere sandstones. Parameters that are distinctive among petrofacies are italicised
Petrofacies; number of samples
Petrofacies A; n 29
Petrofacies B;
n 19
Total
Average
Average
Max
Average
Max
Average
Detrital quartz
Quartz monocrystalline
Quartz polycrystalline
Quartz in plutonic r.f.
Detrital feldspar
Detrital K-feldspar
Orthoclase
Microcline
Perthite
K-feldspar in plutonic r.f.
Detrital plagioclase
Plagioclase monocrystalline
Plagioclase in plutonic r.f.
Plutonic r.f.
Total fine-crystalline lithics
Volcanic r.f.
Chert r.f.
Mudrock fragment
Metamorphic rock fragment
Mica
Heavy minerals
Mud intraclast
Silica intraclast (spiculite)
Clay ooid
Silica bioclast
Mud pseudomatrix bioturbation matrix
Diagenetics total
Quartz overgrowth
Quartz outgrowth
Quartz filling moldic pore
Chalcedony displacive cement
Chalcedony rims
Chalcedony spherullite
Microquartz rims
Microquartz pore-filling
Clay coatings
Silicified secondary matrix
Anhydrite coarse intergranular
Anhydrite replacing feldspar grain
Anhydrite replac. quartz grain
Dolomite replacive intergranular
Dolomite replacing feldspar grain
Dolomite replacing quartz grain
Dolomite replacing secondary matrix
Siderite intergranular
Siderite replacing grain
Illite intergranular fibrous
Illite coatings
Illite in feldspar grain
Illite after kaolinite
Illite in mica
TiO2 intergranular
TiO2 replacing grain
Pyrite framboidal intergranular
Pyrite coarse intergranular
Pyrite replacing grain
Pyrite framboidal in feldspar
Albite replacing plagioclase
Albite replacing K-feldspar
50.8
50.3
0.5
0.0
5.2
5.2
0.2
3.1
1.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.8
26.1
2.3
1.3
0.2
1.8
1.2
0.1
4.1
2.0
0.9
1.9
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.2
2.4
1.8
69.4
68.6
0.8
0.0
5.4
5.3
0.1
3.0
2.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.6
16.4
3.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
1.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.8
1.7
79.3
78.3
4.3
0.0
10.0
10.0
0.7
6.0
4.0
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.7
1.3
0.3
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.7
4.3
0.0
0.3
10.0
0.0
4.3
21.7
6.7
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
2.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
4.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
2.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
3.3
4.0
64.1
63.6
0.5
0.0
5.8
5.7
0.1
3.5
2.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.4
20.3
7.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.3
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.2
2.7
3.1
75.0
74.3
1.3
0.0
9.0
9.0
1.0
6.7
3.3
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
6.0
0.3
0.0
4.0
0.0
3.0
28.0
10.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
4.7
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
2.3
0.7
0.3
0.0
3.7
0.7
3.0
0.7
2.0
1.0
5.0
6.0
59.4
58.8
0.6
0.0
5.4
5.3
0.1
3.2
2.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.7
21.8
3.7
0.7
0.1
0.9
0.6
0.1
2.0
0.9
0.4
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.2
2.0
Max
63.0
62.7
1.7
0.7
11.0
10.3
2.0
5.0
5.3
2.0
0.7
0.3
0.7
2.7
1.0
0.3
0.7
1.0
0.3
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.0
2.0
0.7
4.0
49.1
7.7
6.3
3.3
33.8
13.3
1.3
10.7
8.3
4.7
11.0
2.7
0.3
0.3
6.3
1.0
1.3
0.0
2.3
0.7
2.3
2.3
1.3
4.0
0.3
1.7
1.0
2.3
0.7
2.7
0.7
5.0
4.0
Whole unit; n 59
Petrofacies C;
n 11
Max
79.3
78.3
4.3
0.7
11.0
10.3
2.0
6.7
5.3
2.0
0.7
0.3
0.7
2.7
1.3
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.7
3.7
6.0
2.7
2.0
10.0
0.7
4.3
49.1
10.3
6.3
3.3
33.8
13.3
1.3
10.7
8.3
4.7
11.0
2.7
0.7
0.3
6.3
2.0
1.3
0.0
2.3
0.7
5.7
4.3
1.3
4.0
0.3
3.7
1.0
3.0
0.7
2.7
1.0
5.0
6.0
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1057
Table 1 (continued)
Petrofacies; number of samples
Petrofacies A; n 29
Petrofacies B;
n 19
Total
Average
Max
Average
Max
Average
Max
Average
Max
Albite overgrowth
Bitumen
Macroporosity
Intergranular
Intragranular in feldspar
Intragranular in quartz grain
Intragranular in mica
Intragranular in heavy mineral
Dissolution of pseudomatrix
Dissolution of cement
Mouldic
Fracture
Oversized
Petrophysical porosity
Petrophysical permeability
Microporosity
Secondary porosity
Intergranular volume
Grain volume
Cement total
Carbonate total
Silica total
Grain replacement total
Modal grain size (mm)
Sorting
Packing index (Pp) (G/G)
Original porosity (Beard & Weyl, 1973)
Compactacional porosity loss (%) COPL
Cementational porosity loss (%) CEPL
0.1
0.0
14.9
9.8
2.1
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.1
0.3
15.3
67.6
15.3
5.1
31.6
68.4
18.5
9.5
11.1
7.7
0.2
0.9
15.1
33.3
18.5
8.8
1.0
0.3
25.0
16.3
4.3
3.0
0.7
0.7
5.0
2.6
6.3
1.0
3.3
28.0
1153.6
25.0
10.1
45.1
78.7
41.9
77.0
24.0
19.0
0.4
2.0
26.0
40.2
26.0
25.7
0.4
0.4
6.4
4.0
1.7
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
9.2
4.7
6.4
2.4
16.0
84.0
11.6
2.9
4.1
8.6
0.3
0.8
40.4
33.9
28.3
4.0
1.3
1.3
11.7
8.3
3.0
1.0
0.0
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.0
1.3
1.3
13.8
29.1
11.7
5.0
21.0
90.7
17.7
6.0
7.3
14.3
0.5
2.0
80.0
39.7
32.4
6.2
0.7
0.3
7.6
5.3
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
12.3
7.2
7.2
2.3
19.2
80.8
13.0
1.5
7.6
8.8
0.2
0.7
37.4
34.4
27.2
4.8
1.7
1.0
13.3
9.7
3.3
1.3
0.3
0.3
2.0
1.3
0.0
0.3
1.0
17.8
20.9
13.3
8.0
26.0
84.3
19.3
6.0
11.0
14.0
0.4
1.0
54.0
38.8
32.6
6.8
0.3
0.2
10.7
7.0
1.9
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.3
12.8
35.6
10.8
3.7
24.1
75.9
15.2
5.9
8.1
8.2
0.2
0.8
27.6
33.7
23.4
6.5
1.7
1.3
25.0
16.3
4.3
3.0
0.7
0.7
5.0
2.6
6.3
1.3
3.3
28.0
1153.6
25.0
10.1
45.1
90.7
41.9
77.0
24.0
19.0
0.5
2.0
80.0
40.2
32.6
25.7
Whole unit; n 59
Petrofacies C;
n 11
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
Fig. 7. (A) SEM image of microquartz-rimmed spherical pores interpreted as opal-CT lepisphere moulds. (B) Optical photomicrograph of a sandstone
massively cemented by quartz overgrowths. (C) SEM image of a sandstone with grains partially rimmed by microcrystalline quartz, with discontinuous
overgrowths and outgrowths. (D) SEM image of a sandstone cemented by quartz overgrowths engulfing illite-smectite clays. (E) BSE image showing
well-developed fibrous illite rims. (F) BSE image showing illitised kaolinite engulfing Fe-dolomite (white) in a microquartz-rimmed sandstone.
R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
1059
Fig. 8. (A) SEM image showing chlorite rims partially engulfed by quartz overgrowths. (B) BSE image showing poikilotopic Fe-dolomite cement replacing
microquartz rims. (C) BSE image of a sandstone cemented by Fe-dolomite with ghosts of replaced sponge spicules. (D) Optical photomicrograph showing a
metasandstone with mica and ankerite cementation along fractures. (E) BSE image showing Fe-dolomite (medium gray) engulfing siderite (white). (F) Optical
photomicrograph of a strongly pressure-dissolved sandstone with thin illite coatings (petrofacies B).
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7.4. Albite
Diagenetic albite with a typical pure end-member
composition is common (av. 2%; up to 6%), occurring as
replacement of, and as overgrowths on feldspar grains. Both
detrital K-feldspar and plagioclase were albitised, with
replacement occurring after partial grain dissolution, as
evidenced by the variable amounts of dissolution voids
within these grains. Albitised K-feldspar and plagioclase
were distinguished according to the petrographic and
chemical criteria described by Morad, Bergan, Knarud and
Nystuen (1990). Albitised K-feldspars are untwinned, with
irregular extinction and turbid appearance due to
the presence of numerous, small fluid inclusions and
microporosity. The albitised feldspars are composed of a
large number of small (10 50 mm), lath-like albite crystals.
The albitised plagioclase grains show irregular polysynthetic twins, due to their replacement by numerous
elongated albite crystals (0.02 0.1 mm) arranged parallel
to the twinning and cleavage planes of the host grains.
In addition to the replacive habit, albite also occurs as
overgrowths on plagioclase grains (av. 0.3%; up to 1.7%). In
some cases, the overgrowths surround intragranular and
mouldic pores that resulted from the post-overgrowth
dissolution of detrital plagioclase cores. Albite also occur as
small (25 mm) discrete crystals associated with illitic clays.
7.5. Other diagenetic constituents
Pyrite is widespread and occurs as intergranular
framboids (, 8 mm; av. 0.7%; up to 3%) and, rarely, as
coarse euhedral crystals (8 20 mm; av. 0.3%; up to 0.7%).
Grain-replacive pyrite is also common, occurring along
feldspar fractures and cleavages (av. 0.3%; up to 1%), and
within mud intraclasts, heavy minerals, and glauconitic
ooids and concentrated along stylolites (av. 0.3%; up to 3%).
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9. Discussion
9.1. Reservoir petrofacies
Three petrofacies were recognised in the sandstones,
based on their packing, porosity, and cementation (Table 1):
(1) petrofacies A: porous (. 15%) sandstones with microquartz grain-rim; (2) petrofacies B: tight (, 10%), strongly
compacted to conspicuously quartz-cemented sandstones;
(3) petrofacies C: moderately porous (10 15%), partially
quartz-cemented sandstones. These petrofacies are thus
defined based on petrographic and petrophysical characteristics of the sandstones, which are in turn strongly controlled
by diagenesis, without stratigraphic or environmental
connotations. The three petrofacies are easily recognised
on a plot of intergranular volume (IGV) versus volume of
silica cement (including microquartz grain-coating and
syntaxial quartz overgrowths; Fig. 10). Petrofacies A is thus
characterised by IGV . 20% and various amounts of
microcrystalline silica cement. Petrofacies B an C are
characterised by IGV , 20%, and are distinguished based
on an amount of quartz overgrowth cement of , 5% for
petrofacies B and between 5 and 10% for petrofacies C.
The petrophysical characteristics of each petrofacies are
also consistent with the above-mentioned definition
(Fig. 11). Strongly compacted and quartz-cemented
petrofacies B and C show low porosity values (, 15%)
compared to porous petrofacies A sandstones (15 28%),
which also display better permeabilities.
The diagenetic evolution pathways of the three defined
petrofacies are schematically represented in Fig. 12, which
depicts the major diagenetic conditions encountered by the
Uere sandstones, discussed below, and the resulting
reservoir quality products.
Fig. 10. Plot of the silica cement volume (chalcedony, microcrystalline and
macrocrystalline quartz) versus intergranular volume, showing a clear
distinction between the three reservoir petrofacies.
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Fig. 12. Diagenetic evolution pathways of Uere sandstones for the defined reservoir petrofacies.
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1063
Fig. 13. (A) Plot of cement volume versus intergranular volume (Houseknecht, 1987) and (B) plot of compactional porosity loss (COPL) versus
cementational porosity loss (CEPL) (Lundegard, 1992) for 65 representative Uere sandstones. See text for comments.
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R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
smectite
quartz
K-feldspar
2SiO2aq H2 O
illite
quartz
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Fig. 15. Diagram of the paragenetic sequence and burial history of the Uere sandstones in the Sao Mateus oil field. See text for explanation.
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10. Conclusions
R.D. Lima, L.F. De Ros / Marine and Petroleum Geology 19 (2002) 10471071
Acknowledgements
We gratefully thank PETROBRAS, in special Humberto
Pampolha Lima and R. Nonato M. Cunha for access to
samples, data, information, resources, and for the license to
publish this work. Special acknowledgements are paid to the
support of the Brazilian National Petroleum AgencyANP
(grant and research funds to R.D. Lima) and the National
Research CouncilCNPq (grant to L.F. De Ros). We
acknowledge the use of the support and analytical facilities
of the Institute of Geosciences of Rio Grande do Sul Federal
University. We thank Dr S. Morad, from Uppsala University,
for his revision on a previous version of the manuscript.
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