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Volume 6, Issue 12, Dec 2015, pp. 66-72, Article ID: IJMET_06_12_007
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=12
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
IAEME Publication
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1. INTRODUCTION
Now a days transportation has become great difficulty to and individual to reach the
destination on time. Everyone has their own vehicle and people with all body parts are
fortunate. But it is unfortunate for partially disable people with hands. Disability is the
repercussion of an impairment which can be mental, physical, emotional, vision,
sensory. Disabilities can occur in upper extremities as well as in lower extremities.
Thus these people become more dependants and lose their confidence. Due to this
effect, they stand a great disadvantage in using public as well as private transportation
facilities. A national level survey conducted in India by the Central Government of
India once in ten years revealed that, around 27 million people which are about 2.21%
of the Indians are differently able. Among them, around 14.98 million were men
while 11.84 million were women. Thus, the percentage of disabled people in rural
area was higher than those in urban areas. A total of 5.43 million people were
identified with disabilities in movement which was the highest among other
categories such as hearing, seeing etc. in terms of numbers of people affected.
Table 1 Population of people with disabilities by type of disability
Types Of Disability
Mental retardation
In hearing
In seeing
In speech
In movement
Any other
Multiple disability
Multiple disability
Total
Males
8,70,708
4,15,732
26,77,544
26,38,516
11,22,896
33,70,374
27,27,828
11,62,604
1,49,86,202
Females
6,34,916
3,07,094
23,93,463
23,93,947
8,75,639
20,66,230
21,99,183
9,53,883
1,18,24,355
Persons
15,05,624
7,22,826
50,71,007
50,32,463
19,98,535
54,36,604
49,27,011
21,16,487
2,68,10,557
Males
45,78,034
1,04,08,168
1,49,86,202
Females
36,00,602
82,23,753
1,18,24,355
Persons
81,78,636
1,86,31,921
2,68,10,557
1.2. Objectives
To design and manufacture vehicle which can be operated by disable people.
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Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. A Low Cost Mobility Solution for Physically Challenged People;
Pranchal Srivastava, Raj Kumar Pal
The most common approach used in most powered wheelchairs is having two motors
for traction each driving a wheel on either side of the machine. Forward motion is
achieved by keeping the speeds of the motors identical in one direction and the other
direction for reverse motion. Turns are executed by making the speeds of the motors
different. The radius of turn depends on the speed difference. This system depicts
three novel approaches for cost effectiveness and efficient working, firstly having a
powered wheel chair drive with a gear mechanism which is used to generate proper
speed of the wheels on the either side with single power motor. The advantage of this
system is that it makes the system control easy and cheap. Secondly, utilization of
waste brake energy for battery charging which lead to reduced cost of powered wheel
in the long run.
2.2. Dual Steered Three Wheeler For Differently Able People; Arun Raju
C , Anish Raman C , Veerappan K.R. Venkat Narayanan
The aim of this study is to design and fabricate a 3 wheeler with dual steering system
for people with locomotive disabilities .A greater steering effort is required in the case
of a four wheeler compared to a three wheeler. Hence, a three wheeler was selected
instead of a four wheeler. In this case, handle bar steering system and leg steering
system can be individually steered with hands and legs respectively, enabling its
utility people with disabilities in upper extremities. Sprocket chain system was used in
leg steering system. A 98cc Kinetic Honda Engine was used as the power source and
the engine was placed towards the rear end of the vehicle. Single Rated and double
rated suspension spring was used in the front and rear drive shaft respectively.
Sprocket chain system was used in leg steering system.
3. METHODOLOGY
The system consists of an internally threaded pinion and one externally threaded lead
screw which are engaged like nut and bolt arrangement. C-clamp is used to transfer
the motion of lead screw. A rack is connected to C-clamp. The rack is engaged to first
pinion. This pinion is centrally aligned with second pinion. One more rack is
connected to this pinion to convert rotary motion into linear motion. The wheels are at
both ends of the rack.
Initially the pinion is rotated in clockwise direction by using left foot. Due to this
motion, the lead screw moves to the left side. C-clamp transfers the motion to the
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rack. Rack moves along with C-clamp. The first pinion which is engaged with rack
will start rotating in clockwise direction due to motion of rack. The second pinion also
rotates in same direction as the first. The second pinion again transfers motion to
another rack which has wheels at its both the ends and rack will move in right
direction. Due to the motion of rack, the wheels will move to right direction and
vehicle will take right turn. Similarly, when driver rotates pinion in anti-clockwise
direction the exact opposite mechanism will occur and vehicle will take left turn. This
system can be mounted in cars having automatic gear system because the clutch of the
vehicle is to be replaced by lead screw and pinion pair.
3.1. Steps
3.2. Specifications
The materials used for manufacturing of different components are as follows
Table 3 Materials used for different components
SR NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DESCRIPTION
Bearing
Bearing Holder
Axle
Shaft
Frame
Wheel
Rack And Pinion
MATERIAL
Carbon Steel
Steel
Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel
Mild Steel
Rubber
Carbon Steel Case Hardened
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Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen
4. CALCULATIONS
Aim of the calculation is to calculate module of pinion and the dimensions of
pinion. Calculation for both the pinion is same.
Known data:Numbers of teeth = Zp = 24
Strength of Gear = Sup = 600 N/mm2
Power = 50 w
b= 10 * m
Surface Finish Factor Ka= 2
Speed of Pinion = 50 rpm
BHN = 400
Factor of safety = 1.5
bp=
= 200 N/mm2
= 0.484 = 0.484
= 0.3644
Fb
= bp* b*m*Y
= 200*10*m*m*0.3644
=728.8833 * m2
Dp
= m* Zp
= 24* m
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=
= 1.5
= 0.16 [
]2
= 0.16 [400/100]2
=2.56
Surface wear Fw = Dp * b * Q * K
= 24 * m * 10 * m * 1.5 *2.56
=921.6* m2
V
=
=
= 0.062 * m m/s
Ft
=
=
=
Kv
=
=
Feff
=
=
Now,
Fb
= Nf * Feff
On solving,
m
= 1.4928
=2
Gear Dimensions are:1. M
= 2 mm
2. Zp
= 24
3. b
= 10*m
= 10*2
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Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen
=20 mm
4. Dp
= m* Zp
= 24*2
=48 mm
5. ha
= 1*m
=1*2
=2 mm
6. hf
= 1.25 * m
= 1.25* 2
=2.5 mm
5. CONCLUSIONS
We can conclude that maximum speed of the car is 60 kilometers /hour. As the system
is bulky the fuel economy decreases, but this affect is negligible. The system is only
applicable to automatically driven cars and thus suitable for long distance transport.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
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