Explained - Bharat Emission Standards & Saumitra Chaudhuri Committee

Mrunal (http://mrunal.
org/)
(http://www.pteducation.com/upscm.aspx)
[Pollution] Bharat Emission Standards, Saumitra Chaudhuri Committee,

Alternative Fuels Pros & Cons
Environment (http://mrunal.org/category/environment) / 1 year Ago /

81 Comments (http://mrunal.org/2014/06/pollution-bharat-emission-standards-saumitra-chaudhari
English: SP Bakshi
(http://www.flipkart.com/objective-generalenglish-2012/p/itmdyuqqgafhtehp?
pid=9788183480000&affid=mrunalrugm)
1.
Timeline: Vehicle emission control in India
2.
What is Bharat emission standards?
3.
1.
Sulfur lead content vs Bharat norms:
2.
Why additional Levy on petrol/diesel?
3.
Bharat Standards: limitations
4.
Flash point in Diesel
Alternative Fuels
1.
#1: Methanol
2.
#2: Ethanol
3.
#3: Hydrogen fuel
4.
#4: CNG: Compressed Natural gas
5.
#5: LPG-Liquefied Petroleum gas
6.
#6: Hybrid and electric vehicles (HEV)
4.
Suggestions to reduce tailpipe pollution
5.
Mock Questions:
6.
Correct answers
Timeline: Vehicle emission control in India
1991
Vehicle emission norms introduced in India
1999
SC order government to introduce Euro norms like pollution control regime.
2000
onwards
2003
2005
2010
Bharat State emission standard I introduced.

Dr. R.A. Mashelkar Committee drafted Auto Fuel Policy.
Recommended adopting Bharat stage 3 and stage 4 fuel standards.
Auto Fuel Policy 2003 implemented.
Bharat 3 standards introduced in 13 major cities.
By 2010 entire India under Bharat stage 3.
Petroleum ministry had setup Saumitra ChaudhuriCommittee for Auto fuel
vision policy 2025
Dec
2012
Saumitra is was a member of planning commission. (not anymore because

Montek & Co. gave resignation to Modi
(http://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/winds-of-changefinancial-powers-gone-planning-commission-stares-at-shutdown/))
2014,
May
Saumitra Chaudhri gave recommendations. Hence in news.
What are Bharat emission standards?

Euro norms define the maximum limit of pollutant that a vehicle can emit. (CO2, nitrogen
oxide, sulfur and suspended particulate matter)
If vehicle emits more than this limit, it cannot be sold in Europe.
In India, we follow Euro norms under the label Bharat stage norms. we are gradually
implementing them in more and more cities
higher stage means less emission (just for reference, exact numbers not important for exam)
Euro normBharat Stage
limit of RSPM*
India implements from
I (1)
0.14
2000: nation wide
II (2)
0.08
2005: nation wide
III (3)
0.05
2010: nation wide

2010:
IV (4)
0.025
2011: 7 cities
2014: 24 more cities#
2017: (All India)#
V (5)
0.005
2022 (All India)#
VI (6)
0.0025
after 2024 (All India)#
#as per Saumitra Committee recommendation.

*Respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM)
Sulfur lead content vs Bharat norms:

To reduce emission from vehicle, weve to fit catalytic converter, particulate filter, & other
fancy devices in its exhaustion system.
But the chemical catalysts in such devices get immobilized in presence of lead/sulphur.
Therefore, fuel should have minimal quantity of lead and sulfur. Else, youll have to replace
those fancy devices too often.
Lead: we are already selling lead-free petrol. Since year 2000 only lead free petrol sold in
India.
sulfur: the Bharat norms give following limits:
year
particles per million (ppm) in diesel
present (BS3)
350
2017 (BS4)
50 (already done in BS4 cities)
2020 (BS5)
10
Why additional Levy on petrol/diesel?

To implement Bharat norms, weve to do two things:
To Vehicle manufacturers
To Oil refineries
Youve fit catalytic converter, particulate filter & other

fancy gadgets in the engine. This will decrease soot &
pollutants.
You produce fuel with less

sulfur, olefin & other impurities.
(especially for Bharat stage 5)
ok, Not a problem because these companies already fitting

such equipments in engine, before exporting vehicles to
Europe. (due to higher level Euro standards)
Problem because refiners have

to buy machines and
technology worth Rs.~80,000
crore.
Government can arrange cash for refineries, by imposing 75 Paise special fuel upgradation
cess on Petrol and Diesel. (says Sumitra Committee)
Send this cash to Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB)
Then, OIDB will upgrade the refineries to Bharat stage 4 and 5.
Previously, recall Famous lawyer Harish Salve reported to supreme court and asked for 30%
cess on private diesel vehicles. (http://mrunal.org/2014/04/current-april-week1-p3environment-polity-culture-ipcc-latest-reportcess-diesel-carssahara-dust-storm-ipc-376-edeath-penalty-rape-anavaal-pidi-gangaur-angkor-wat.html#200) and that money should be
used for implementing Bharat stage 5 and 6.

Taxation: Misc. recommendations
Import duty should be 0% on both LNG and crude oil.
States VAT should be reduced on CNG sale (to promote CNG vehicles)
Bharat Standards: limitations

1. Four refineries in the North East- Guwahati, Digboi, Numaligarh and Bongaigaon- their
equipment outdated, cannot produce BS4, BS5 quality fuels.
2. Government designated only a few cities under BS-4 standards. BS-4 vehicles more
expensive than BS3. Hence public buys BS3 vehicles from peripheral towns to evade
registration taxes.
3. BS3 fuel is cheaper than BS4 fuel.
4. On older vehicles, we need to fit catalytic after-treatment devices to reduce their emission.
But government & public not pursuing this project enthusiastically.
5. Our diesel to petrol usage ratio is almost (4.5): 1 hence more pollution. This ratio is low in
USA, Europe and Japan.
Flash point in Diesel

It is the lowest temperature at which a fuel starts turning into vapor (which will later ignite)
Flash point of diesel is set at 35 degree C. (under both BS3 and BS4.)
Some journalist argue that 35 degree is too dangerous. Because in India, temperature often
above 40 degree celcius (Even EU has flash point limit 55 C, despite having cold climate.)
Sumitra rejects this hypothesis, because even tropical countries like Brazil and Argentina
have lower flash points. The temperature in and around the engine of the vehicle is well
over 100 C much above the highest flash point prescribed anywhere in the world. Hence
35 degree flash point doesnt automatically mean explosion.
Misc. terms from his report
Olefin
These are unsaturated alkanes. We need to reduce their quantity in fuel, to

reduce pollution.
Cetane
It is a measure of diesel quality. Lower the cetane number, diesel will produce
number
more smoke.
Alternative Fuels
Overall, Saumitra report is three things
1. Bharat norms: implementing next stage
2. taxation issues
3. Alternative fuels- for reducing petrol and diesel consumption. Here, he give pros and cons of
each alternative.
#1: Methanol
Good points
Bad points
Methanol has a high toxicity in
Methanol is readily biodegradable in both
humans.
aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic
Even 10 ml pure methanol can cause
(oxygen absent) environments.
permanent blindness. (recall those
is an alternative fuel for internal combustion
hooch liquor victims)
engines
Methanol fire burns invisibly, while
Can be used directly or by blending with
petrol burns with a visible flame.
petrol
So difficult to detect methanol fire
Used in racing cars in many countries, even in
hazard.
China.
Pure methanol is corrosive to engine

and fuel lines
Mrunal notes: Additional pros, cons and facts can be gathered for each alternative fuel via
google books, Britannica etc. but then article will become 5 miles long and will take another five
days to finish. And yet there is no guarantee that itll have sufficient facts to solve a possible
UPSC MCQ! Therefore, Ive confined myself only to the facts mentioned in Saumitra report,
nothing beyond that. But youre free to dig through all angles.
#2: Ethanol
is an organic solvent
Ethanol itself burns cleaner and burns more completely than petrol.
Ethanol can be derived from Sugar cane juice and molasses.
Molasses is the byproduct when sugar cane juice converted to sugar.
Timeline of Ethanol blending program in India
2001
Government permitted adding Ethanol in petrol. Pilot project in Uttar Pradesh.
2006
5% Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) began in most states, except JK and North East.
National biofuel policy. Now oil companies required to blend atleast 5% ethanol
2008
with petrol.
But project mostly #EPICFAIL. Most companies not blending more than 2%
ethanol, because ethanol not easily available at reasonableprice.
2017
Sumitra Committee proposed 20% ethanol blending by 2017
Case study: Brazils ethanol blending program

Started in mid-70s
Their car-engines designed such way, they use even upto 18% ethanol blending. (Exact
figures not important but for MCQ the examinermay twist statement saying car engine
cannot run properly if ethanol blending more than 10%then you should know it is an
incorrect statement.)
#3: Hydrogen fuel

Bad points:
1. Cost of hydrogen pipeline is 15x times more expensive than a CNG/LPG pipeline.
2. Hence, only few areas of USA have hydrogen pipeline.
3. In the entire world hardly 200 hydrogen refiling stations by 2013. (rank: N.America > Asia >
South America)
4. Hydrogen burns with colorless odorless flame, hence hard to detect leakage.
Hydrogen Vision 2020 (GIFT)

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)s Green Initiatives for Future Transport (GIFT)
It has vision 2020 for Hydrogen.

Aim: sell Hydrogen at cost of 60-70 per kg
Build pipelines and refilling stations for hydrogen fuel.
Get at least 1 lakh hydrogen vehicles on Indian road
Safety regulation, laws and codes.
#4: CNG: Compressed Natural gas
Favor
Against
CNG filling station requires more
investment than petrol pump.
CNG emits far less pollutants than

petrol or diesel
CNG doesnt have carcinogens like
Benzene.
Success story in Delhi and Mumbai
CNG-public transport.
Public not ready to buy CNG kits/vehicles

because
1. Lack of CNG filling stations in many
highways.
2. Price difference between CNG vs
petrol/diesel not that big.
#5: LPG-Liqueed Petroleum gas

LPG is predominantly propane and butane. Propane constitutes 30-99%.
LPG can be derived from.
refining crude oil
natural gas
Hence no risk of single source dependence
LPG is globally surplus because of Natural Gas production.
In some countries, LPG is called Auto-Gas and used in taxis e.g. Korea, Turkey, Russia,
Poland and Italy.
Good points
emits far less pollutants than petrol or diesel
Unlike CNG, the LPG does not require elaborate
bad points
Today, cost per km for LPG car is
almost equals petrol car.
gas grid-network or compressor station at
So there is no cost-advantage to
refueling stations.
make public shift from petrol cars
Therefore, LPG refilling station can be opened
to LPG cars.
with less investment. Cheaper in long run.
#6: Hybrid and electric vehicles (HEV)

HEVs have both internal combustion (running on petrol) and electricity.
Both USA and China planning to add 1-5 million new HEV vehicles by 2020.
India should also work on this. More details in old article click me
(http://mrunal.org/2012/10/yearbook-national-automotive-board-transport.html#47)
Suggestions to reduce tailpipe pollution

List not exhaustive. Ive lifted only a few non-technical, easy to memorize points from his report.
1. BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency) labels on vehicles to show their fuel efficiency.
2. We need to replace the existing PUC system to a more reliable computerized system.
3. We need to link vehicle insurance with pollution. (i.e. higher pollution vehicle should be
ordered to pay higher premium for same coverage)
4. Give subsidy, tax-benefit to vehicle owners to retrofit their engines with newly emission
control devices
5. Impose higher taxes on old vehicles, because they emit more gases.
6. More tax on diesel guzzling SUV cars.
7. Less tax on hybrid cars, CNG vehicles.
8. Use chemical markers to detect adulteration of diesel/petrol with kerosene. Make oil
companies responsible for fuel quality at their station.
Mock Questions:
Correct statements
Q1. Petroleum ministry had setup Saumitra Chaudhari Committee for ___.
a. Diesel subsidy pricing in India
b. Petrol taxation in India
c. Implementation of Bharat stage 4 norms.
d. Auto fuel vision policy 2025
Q2. Suppose two cars are of identical size and body. One produced India and another in Europe.
Which of the following is/are correct:
a. Euro IV car causes less pollution than Bharat V car.
b. Euro III car causes more pollution than Bharat III car.
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
Q3. At present, every city of India is under ___ norm.
a. Bharat stage VI or higher
b. Bharat stage II of higher
c. Bharat stage III or higher
d. Bharat stage IV or higher
Q4. To comply with higher level Bharat norms, oil refineries need to produce diesel with less
sulphur content because
a. It is an air pollutant
b. It deactivates the catalysts in particulate filter & other emission reduction devices fitted in
the vehicles.
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
Q5. Consider following statements about flashpoint:
1. Flashpoint is the temperature at which fuel catches fire.
2. Indian diesel has flashpoint of 35 degree celcius.
3. Higher the flashpoint, less dangerous the fuel.
Correct statement
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 1 and 3
d. None of them
Q6. Consider following statements
1. To improve the quality of petrol and diesel, refineries will have to add Olefin into them from
Bharat stage IV onwards.
2. Diesel with higher Cetane number is considered to be of lower quality.
3. National biofuel policy 2008 requires Oil refineries to blend at least 5% ethanol with petrol.
Incorrect statements are
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 1 and 3
d. None of them
Q7. Consider following statements about Methanol

1. Pure Methanol can be used in treatment of retinal glaucoma
2. Methanol is biodegradable in aerobic environment but not in anaerobic environment.
3. In many countries, methanol is used as a fuel in race cars, including China.
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 1 and 3
d. None of them
Q8. Consider following statements
1. CNG is not a safe fuel because contains traces of carcinogens such as Benzene in vapor
form.
2. In the whole world, North America has highest number of Hydrogen refilling stations
3. Pure hydrogen fuel burns with blue flame hence provides highest amount of energy per kg,
than any other fuel.
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 1 and 3
d. None of them
Mains
General Studies Mains paper 3 Syllabus topic: Environmental Pollution.
1. Write a note on the salient recommendations of Saumitra Chaudhary Committee on auto
fuels (200 words).
2. What is Indias Hydrogen Vision 2020? (100 words)
3. What are alternative fuels? Why is it impractical to adopt most of them in India? (200 words).
4. What is Bharat Stage emission standards? Discuss the challenges in their implementation.
(200 words).
5. To minimize vehicular pollution, Bharat norms alone are not sufficient. Comment. (200
words).
Correct answers
1. C-auto fuel vision policy
2. D neither correct. Because Both Euro and Bharat norms are same. And higher stage means
less pollution.
3. C-Bharat Stage 3 or higher
4. C both reasons correct
5. B only 2 and 3 correct.
6. A- 1 and 2 wrong. Olefin causes more pollution. Higher cetane is better quality.
7. A- 1 and 2 wrong. Methanol itself can cause blindness even in minute quantity, how can you
treat glaucoma with it! Second statement is also wrong.
8. C- 1 and 3 wrong. CNG doesnt have benzene and hydrogen flame colorless.
Tags: Pollution (http://mrunal.org/tag/pollution)

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VISHAL KUMAR
thanx sir.
Sayandeep Banik
I am and active reader of your blog.I think its a great initiative from your
side to guide us the aspirants like us.
I am an IT professional.I have started preparing from this year.I will be
grateful to you if you tell me the following :1.If i clear Mains after 3 or more attempts will it have an impact on my
Final Selection ?
2.Some Tips on how to cope up with the present job pressure and the
CSAT prelims preparation.I cannot leave the job considering my present
economic condition of my family
satyesh parmar
sir,please provide some information on this topics.this a topic of gujarat

psc in section of environment some information i gather from your enb
articles but on specifically to this topic i want some more information if u
do so then its very helpful for me and other aspirant like me thanx in
advance
::Development and Environmental issues and mitigation measures :
(1) General provisions of
(A) Conservation of Environment, Environment Protection Act, Air
(prevention and control of pollution) Act, Water (prevention and control
of pollution) Act, Water Pollution, Forest Conservation Act.
(2) Definition of Eco- System and biodiversity Ecology, the basic
Concept of
Ecology, Food chains in eco system
(3) Environment Pollution causes, effects and mitigation measures of
Air
Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Pollution, Marine Pollution, Noise
Pollution,
Thermal Pollution and Nuclear Pollution. The disposal of dirty water.
(4) Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health.
(5) Global environment- Such as climate change, acid rain, Global
Warming,
Watershed Management. Rejuvenate of waste land to fertile land.
8
Barney Stinson
Dont you think that answer to the first one would be D?
REPLY (HTTP://MRUNAL.ORG/2014/06/POLLUTION-BHARAT-EMISSION-STANDARDSSAUMITRA-CHAUDHARI-COMMITTEE-ALTERNATIVE-FUELS-PROS-CONS.HTML?
satya
Yes.
ABHISHEK
There is little correction required in definition of Olefins These are
unsaturated alkenes, not alkanes. Alkanes ( CnH2n+2) are saturated
hydrocarbons, Alkenes ( CnH2n) are the unsaturated HCs
raje
@Munal, Could you please let us know the books need to be referred for
Environmental studies. weight of this is increasing as the same is
degrading day by day,,,
Vivek
Sir, gd mrng firstly I would like thankful to u 4 ur guidance for us n lots of
students like us. Sir its my humble request to u sir, dat kindly would u plz
suggest me 4 env n bio Topics which I suppose to follow for CDS exam. I
m little bit confused relats with dis matter. Thank u sir n waiting 4 ur
response.
jewel
i want to contact wth you.what is the process to jont ur web site. plz tell
me the format for ur joining
somendra mohan ghosh

EVEN VEHICLE MANUFACTURED IN EUROPE FOR PLYING ON INDIAN
ROAD WILL FAIL POSITIVELY BECAUSE OF INDIAN DRIVING CYCLE &
Indian Driving Condition ( I D C ) which cant be matched with European
Driving Cycle & E D C.
Average speed limit for EURO -IV Compliant diesel run vehicle should be
at least 90KM/HOUR on concrete road.
Traffic flow & Congestion are the important factors to meet the
prescribed emission standard.
pooja
hi sir,
How to start studying from your website.
I am confused.
mrunal.org/2014/01
mrunal.org/2014/02
mrunal.org/2014/03
mrunal.org/2014/04.. should i start with these?
Jude_Prudence
Diesel
Petrol
Uses In diesel engines, heating systems In petrol engines
Made from Petroleum/ Crude oil Petroleum/ Crude Oil
Energy content 38.6 MJ/litre 34.6 MJ/litre
Made by Fractional distillation Fractional distillation
Torque (for 10L engine) 1000 Nm @ 2000 rpm 300Nm @ 4000 rpm
Power (for 10L engine) 490Hp @ 3500 rpm 600Hp @ 5500 rpm
Power = torque*RPM More torque at low speeds Runs at higher RPM
Auto-ignition temperature 210C 246C
CO2 emission More than gasoline(petrol). Diesel fuel produces
approximately 13% more CO2 gas per gallon of fuel burned, compared
to gas (petrol) engines. Lower than diesel.
Viscosity increase at lower temperatures No change
US Consumption (2006) 50 Billion gallons 148 Billion gallons
Types of ignition Direct ( by compression ) Spark
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18-Dec: IIIT Gwalior (http://www.iiitm.ac.in/index.php/572-advertisement-for-non-facultypositions)
02-Dec: Nalanda University (http://www.nalandauniv.edu.in/jobs.html)
26-Nov: PG Medical chandigarah
(http://pgimer.edu.in/PGIMER_PORTAL/PGIMERPORTAL/Vacancies/JSP/ViewAll.jsp?
record=1475)
23-Nov: Baba Farid Univ. (http://bfuhs.ac.in/careers/careers.asp)
23-Nov: Haryana SSC (http://www.onlinehssc.in/)
ParaMedics
13-Dec: Tibetian Univ. @Varansi (http://www.cuts.ac.in)
04-Dec: PG Med.Chandigarh (http://pgimer.edu.in)
30-Nov: Central Uni. Bihar (http://www.cub.ac.in)
30-Nov: Hyderabad Uni. (http://uohyd.ac.in)
27-Nov: AIIMS Rishikesh (http://www.aiimsrishikesh.edu.in/recruitments.php)
Legal
22-Nov: MP High Court (http://www.mponline.gov.in)
PH only
15-Dec: Natl. Buildings Engg. (http://nbccindia.gov.in/nbccindia/nroot/njsp/Career.jsp)
14-Dec: National Elect. (http://www.deity.gov.in/content/recruitment-person-disabilitypwds)
10-Dec: BSNL JTO, Accounts (http://externalexam.bsnl.co.in)
26-Nov: BHEL Trainee (http://careers.bhel.in/et_srd2015/jsp/et_eng_index.jsp)

05-Dec: HINDUSTAN COPPER (http://www.hindustancopper.com/AnnouncementDetails.asp?
AnnouncId=175)
25-Nov: BSNL JTO (http://externalexam.bsnl.co.in)
23-Nov: NE Inst. Nurse (http://neigrihms.gov.in/adsnotification.html)
20-Nov: TEZPUR univ.
Commerce/MBA
23-Dec: MTNL (http://mtnl.net.in)
18-Dec: Ind. Maritime Univ. (http://imu.edu.in/index.php?prod_id=130)
15-Dec: Andhra Gas (http://www.apgdc.in/opportunities.html)
30-Nov: Security Printing (http://www.spmcil.com)
30-Nov: NPCIL (http://npcil.nic.in/main/JobsRecent.aspx)
25-Nov: Delhi Metro (http://eapplicationonline.com/DMRCOMHRI2015/Pages/index.aspx)
24-Nov: Electronics Corp. (https://ecil.gov.in/login.php)
21-Nov: TN Newsprint (http://www.tnpl.com/Careers.aspx)
21-Nov: Garden Reach Shipbuilders ( http://jobapply.in/grse2015/)
20-Nov: Central Medical Research (https://psu.shine.com/company/cmss)
20-Nov: RITES LIMITED Walkin (http://rites.com/vacancy)
20-Nov: UCO Bank CA (http://recruitment.ucoonline.in/home.jsp)
Engineers
01-Feb: NHPC Trainee Engineer (http://www.nhpcindia.com/career.htm)
22-Jan: Neyveli Lignite (http://www.nlcindia.com/index.php?file_name=careers)
05-Jan: NTPC (http://www.ntpccareers.net/)
15-Dec: Andhra Gas (http://www.apgdc.in/opportunities.html)
11-Dec: EdCIL India (http://www.gaterecttedcil.in)
10-Dec: BSNL TTA (http://externalexam.bsnl.co.in)

08-Dec: M.P. Vidyut
(https://www.mponline.gov.in/Portal/Services/Recruit_MPKVV/Indore/notification.aspx)
05-Dec: IIT Ghandhinagar (http://www.iitgn.ac.in/staff-recruitment.htm)
04-Dec: PG Chandigarh (http://pgimer.edu.in)
30-Nov: IIT Bhubaneswar (http://www.iitbbs.ac.in/staffrecruitment/apprec.php)
26-Nov: Delhi Subordinate ( http://dsssbonline.nic.in)
25-Nov: NIT Goa (http://www.nitgoa.ac.in/fac_rec/DisplayPage.aspx?page=ik)
20-Nov: BHEL Trainee (PWD) (http://careers.bhel.in/et_srd2015/jsp/et_eng_index.jsp)
20-Nov: Chennai Petro. (http://www.cpcl.co.in/RecruitmentDrive.htm)
20-Nov: NIT Uttarakhand (http://www.nituk.ac.in/recruitment.php?id=new)
20-Nov: RITES LIMITED Walkin (http://rites.com/vacancy)
19-Nov: POWER GRID
(http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?
PId=166&LangID=English)
Uniform
30-Dec: CRPF (sports) (http://crpf.nic.in)
30-Nov: INDIAN ARMY
Deskjobs
30-Dec: Raman Research (http://www.rri.res.in/other_openings.html)
08-Dec: UP POWER (http://www.uppcl.org/index.htm)
04-Dec: PG Chandigarh (http://pgimer.edu.in)
02-Dec: UP SSC Driver (http://upsssc.gov.in/AllNotifications.aspx)

26-Nov: Delhi Subordinate ( http://dsssbonline.nic.in)
26-Nov: High Court Allahabad (http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in)
24-Nov: Electronics Corp. (https://ecil.gov.in/login.php)
23-Nov: Software Tech Park
23-Nov: Software Tech. Park (http://www.hyd.stpi.in/recruitment/recruitment.html )
23-Nov: Haryana SSC (http://www.onlinehssc.in/)
21-Nov: MP Power (http://www.mppgenco.nic.in/careers.html)
23-Nov: NE-Rail (SPORTS) (http://www.ner.indianrailways.gov.in)
17-Nov: High Court Himachal (http://hphighcourt.nic.in/vacancy.htm)
Faculty
21-Dec: Bundelkhand Uni. ( http://www.bujhansi.org)
10-Dec: Tripura Medical (http://tmc.nic.in/Recruitment%20Notification%20IMG.pdf)
02-Dec: UP SSC (http://upsssc.gov.in/AllNotifications.aspx)
30-Nov: Rajendra Medical Sciences Ranchi (http://www.rimsranchi.org)
30-Nov: JAMMU Uni. (http://www.jammuUni..in/job.asp)
30-Nov: NIT Delhi (http://www.nitdelhi.ac.in/onlineapplications.php)
26-Nov: AIIMS (https://www.aiimsexams.org/index.html)
25-Nov: NIT Goa (http://www.nitgoa.ac.in/fac_rec/DisplayPage.aspx?page=ii)
23-Nov: Baba Farid Univ. (http://bfuhs.ac.in/careers/careers.asp)
23-Nov: Anna University (https://www.annauniv.edu/pdf/recruitment_07112015.pdf)
23-Nov: RPSC
20-Nov: NIT Uttarakhand (http://www.nituk.ac.in/recruitment.php?id=new)
17-Nov: Garhwal Medical (walk in) (http://www.ua.nic.in/smc.ac.in/recruitment/view/23)
Specialists
22-Jan: National Biologicals Scientists (http://www.nib.gov.in/careers.html)
31-Dec: Rajiv Gandhi Biotech (http://rgcb.res.in/scientist-positions/)
30-Dec: Raman Research Admin Officer (http://www.rri.res.in/other_openings.html)

22-Dec: Central Research- Pathology ( http://siddhacouncil.com/vacancies.html)
18-Dec: Ind. Maritime Univ. (http://imu.edu.in/index.php?prod_id=130)
15-Dec: CSIR (http://csir.res.in/PDF/ADVT%20Director%2041115.pdf)
07-Dec: CCI Manager
(http://cci.gov.in/sites/default/files/vacancy/5thDRAdvertisement2015.pdf)
06-Dec: NID (http://www.dipp.nic.in/English/Publications/jobs/jobs.aspx)
04-Dec: Chennai Metro Surveyor
(http://chennaimetrorail.gov.in/Employment_Notification_CMRL-HR-03-2015.pdf)
03-Dec: Sci Officers vis UPSC
(http://upsc.gov.in/recruitment/advt/2015/Advt_16_15_Emp_ORA.pdf)
30-Nov: Kandla Port Trust Pilot (http://kandlaport.gov.in/careers-user.php)
30-Nov: IIT Bhubaneswar Sanitary insp.
(http://www.iitbbs.ac.in/staffrecruitment/apprec.php)
27-Nov: Natl. Foodtech lab technician (http://niftem.ac.in/site/Current_Opening.aspx)
26-Nov: Delhi Subordinate Chemist, Assitant, Welfare Off. ( http://dsssbonline.nic.in)
25-Nov: Engg.Project Managers (http://www.epi.gov.in/Recruitment_form.asp)
23-Nov: Packaging Inst.
23-Oct: MMTC Limited
23-Nov: RPSC Agro.
23-Nov: STPI Hyderabad (http://www.hyd.stpi.in/recruitment/recruitment.html)
23-Nov: Software Tech. Park (http://www.hyd.stpi.in/recruitment/recruitment.html )
20-Nov: National Agricultural-Market, Finance
(http://www.rimsnr.ac.in/DynamicPages/Recruitment.aspx)
20-Nov: SBI Architect ( https://www.sbi.co.in/portal/web/home/careers-with-us)
19-Nov: Agro Research Service (http://asrb.org.in)
1. Online Form Part-I stops few days before deadline, so don't wait till last date. Dont forget
reg.id & roll no.Note'em in Google Drive (https://www.google.com/drive/)
2. I usually update vacancies every Monday.Purple link= newly added,Blue= existing.Last
updated Nov 17, at 11:45 AM
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Explained - Bharat Emission Standards & Saumitra Chaudhuri Committee

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[Pollution] Bharat Emission Standards, Saumitra Chaudhuri Committee,

Environment (http://mrunal.org/category/environment) / 1 year Ago /

Timeline: Vehicle emission control in India

What is Bharat emission standards?

Sulfur lead content vs Bharat norms:

Why additional Levy on petrol/diesel?

Bharat Standards: limitations

Flash point in Diesel

#3: Hydrogen fuel

#4: CNG: Compressed Natural gas

#5: LPG-Liquefied Petroleum gas

#6: Hybrid and electric vehicles (HEV)

Suggestions to reduce tailpipe pollution

Vehicle emission norms introduced in India

SC order government to introduce Euro norms like pollution control regime.

Bharat State emission standard I introduced.

Saumitra is was a member of planning commission. (not anymore because

Saumitra Chaudhri gave recommendations. Hence in news.

What are Bharat emission standards?

Euro normBharat Stage

India implements from

2000: nation wide

2005: nation wide

2010: nation wide

2022 (All India)#

after 2024 (All India)#

#as per Saumitra Committee recommendation.

Sulfur lead content vs Bharat norms:

particles per million (ppm) in diesel

50 (already done in BS4 cities)

Why additional Levy on petrol/diesel?

Youve fit catalytic converter, particulate filter & other

You produce fuel with less

ok, Not a problem because these companies already fitting

Problem because refiners have

used for implementing Bharat stage 5 and 6.

Bharat Standards: limitations

Flash point in Diesel

These are unsaturated alkanes. We need to reduce their quantity in fuel, to

Methanol is readily biodegradable in both

aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic

Even 10 ml pure methanol can cause

(oxygen absent) environments.

permanent blindness. (recall those

is an alternative fuel for internal combustion

hooch liquor victims)

Methanol fire burns invisibly, while

Can be used directly or by blending with

petrol burns with a visible flame.

So difficult to detect methanol fire

Used in racing cars in many countries, even in

Pure methanol is corrosive to engine

Government permitted adding Ethanol in petrol. Pilot project in Uttar Pradesh.

Sumitra Committee proposed 20% ethanol blending by 2017

Case study: Brazils ethanol blending program

#3: Hydrogen fuel

Hydrogen Vision 2020 (GIFT)

It has vision 2020 for Hydrogen.

#4: CNG: Compressed Natural gas

CNG emits far less pollutants than

Public not ready to buy CNG kits/vehicles

#5: LPG-Liqueed Petroleum gas