Dr. T. A.

ENAB

Mansoura University
Faculty of Engineering
Prod. & Mech. Design Eng. Dept.

Production and Materials Engineering

(PRE4122)

Working sheet and assignment No. (2)

Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding
First Year Mech. Eng.

Section No.

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Student name : -------------------

Student ID

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Due date

Date

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Instructor : Dr. Tawakol Ahmed ENAB

Q1- a)

What is an isotope? Why are the atomic weights of the elements not integers?

Cite two reasons.

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Relative to electrons and electron states, what does each of the four quantum

numbers specify?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 1:

Ba

2+

, Br

, and S

2-

if their atomic numbers are 26, 26, 29, 56, 35 and 16

respectively.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q1- d)

Indium, which has an atomic number of 49, contains no electrons in its 4f

energy level. Based only on this information, what must be the valence of indium?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Give the electron configurations for the following ions : Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cu + ,

Q1- c)

Q2- a)

Using the given densities and atomic weights, calculate the number of atoms

per cubic centimeter in :

i. Boron B

( = 2.3 g/cm3

AB = 10.811 g/mol)

ii. Copper Cu

( = 8.93 g/cm3

ACu = 63.54 g/mol)

iii. Lead Pb

( = 11.36 g/cm3 ,

APb = 207.19 g/mol)

iv. Lithium Li

( = 0.534 g/cm3 ,

ALi = 6.939 g/mol)

v. Titanium Ti ( = 4.507 g/cm3 ,

ATi = 47.90 g/mol)

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 2:

Aluminum foil used for storing food weighs about 0.3 g per square inch. How

many atoms of aluminum are contained in this sample of foil? (Note : the atomic
weight of aluminum is 26.982 g/mol).
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Calculate the number of iron atoms in one ton if its atomic weight is 55.847

g/mol.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q2- b)

Calculate the volume in cubic centimeters occupied by one mole of boron if it

has a density of = 2.3 g/cm3 and its atomic weight is AB = 10.811 g/mol.
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In order to plate a steel part having a surface area of 500 cm2 with a 0.005 cm

thick layer of nickel ( = 8.902 g/cm3, ANi = 58.71 g/mol) :

vi. How many atoms of nickel are required?
vii. How many moles of nickel are required?
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q2- d)

Q3- a)

Calculate the force of attraction between a Ca2+ and an O2- ion the centers of

which are separated by a distance of 1.5 nm. (Note: k0 = 1 / [4 0], the permittivity
of a vacuum 0 = 8.85*10-12 F/m).
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 3:

For a K+Cl- ion pair, attractive and repulsive energies EA and ER,

respectively, depend on the distance between the ions r, according to :

1.436
EA
r

5.86 * 10 6
ER
r9

For these expressions, energies are expressed in electron volts per K+Cl- pair, and r is
the distance in nanometers. The net energy EN is just the sum of the two expressions
above.
i. Superimpose on a single plot EN, ER, and EA versus r up to 1.0 nm.
ii. On the basis of this plot, determine :
The equilibrium spacing r0 between the K+ and Cl- ions.
The magnitude of the bonding energy E0 between the two ions.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q3- b)

Q4- a)

Briefly cite the main differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic

bonding. Illustrate your answer with sketches.

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State the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Question 4:

Would you expect Al2O3 or aluminum to have the higher coefficient of

thermal expansion? Explain.

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Explain why the modulus of elasticity of simple thermoplastic polymers, such

as polyethylene and polystyrene, is expected to be very low compared with that of

metals and ceramics.
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Steel is coated with a thin layer of ceramic to help protect against corrosion.

What do you expect to happen to the coating when the temperature of the steel is
increased significantly? Explain.
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Dr. T. A. ENAB

Q4- c)