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Course: CHEM-114
Date of Performance:
Date of Submission:
.
Objective:
The main theme of this experiment is to determine the
strength of Commercial Hydrochloric acid with a standard
Sodium Hydroxide solution . As Sodium Hydroxide is itself a
secondary standard substance, so it is standardized by the
standard Oxalic-acid solution.
Theory:
In this experiment we shall determine the strength of
commercial Hydrochloric Acid solution by a secondary standard
solution of NaOH. This is done by means of Titration. The
important matters that are related with the experiment are stated
below:
Titration:
Equivalent Point:
pH Range
Phenolphthalein
Methyl Orange
8.3 - 10.0
2.9 4.6
Apparatus:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Colour in
Alkaline
solution
Pink
Yellow
Conical flask
Burette
Pipette
Volumetric flask
Stand
Funnel
Indicator:
1) Phenolphthalein
2) Methyl Orange (as instructed)
Chemical Reagents:
1) Standardized NaOH solution
Colour in
Acid solution
Colourless
Pink
2)
3)
4)
5)
HCl solution
Distilled water
Oxalic Acid
Experimental Data:
01
02
03
Burette reading
Volume
in ml
of
NaOH Initial
Final
in
Reading Reading
ml
10
10
10
10
20.4
30.9
Volume
of
Acid
in
ml
20.4
30.9
41.5
Average
Reading
in
ml
Strength
Of
NaOH
N
10.5
0.105
10.4
10.5
10.6
Number Volume
Volume Average Strength
of
of
of
Reading
Of
ObserNaOH
Acid
in
HCl
Initial
Final
-vation
in
in
ml
N
Reading Reading
ml
ml
01
02
03
10
10
10
14.6
24.5
34.5
24.5
34.5
44.3
9.9
10.0
9.8
9.8
5.1
= 0.105 N
Determination of normality of HCl :
Here,
So,
V acid = 9.8 ml
S acid = ?
V base = 10 ml
S base = 0.105 N
S HCl (dilute) = ( 0.105 X 10 ) / 9.8
= 0.10714 N
so,
V HCl(concentrated) = 2.1 ml
S HCl(concentrated) = ?
V HCl(dilute)
= 100 ml
S HCl(dilute)
= 0.10714 N
S HCl(concentrated) = ( 100 X 0.10714 ) / 2.1
= 5.102 N
Result:
The strength of HCl (dilute) is found: 0.10714 N
The strength of the supplied HCl (concentrated) is: 5.102 N
Percentage of error:
Percentage of error
= (known value observed value) X 100 known value
= ( 5.3 - 5.102 ) X 100 / 5.3
= 3.735%
so, Percentage of error = 3.735%
Discussion:
The following causes can be assumed for the possible cause of
error :
1)
It was told to take 2.2 ml of HCl from the burette. But
the exact amount was not taken. Near about 2.1 ml of
HCl was taken. This can be the cause for which the error
has occurred.
2)
During volumetric analysis extra one or two drops of
Oxalic Acid may have dropped into the NaOH solution.
This can also be one of the reasons of the error.