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The Geneva Cantonal Issues

The first stamp to be issued by the Geneva Post (Switzerland's second
stamp issue and only the fourth stamp in the world to be issued) resulted
from a speech before the Grand Council of Geneva on Monday, 22nd May
1843, by Alphonse de Candolle, professor of botany and council member.
Referring to Great Britain's success with the adhesive stamp in 1840, he
spoke of the advantages of selling stamps as receipts for pre-payment of
letter postage, for example:
Pre-paid letters ending up in the Dead Letter Office would no longer be
considered a financial loss to the post office.
Recipients of mail would not feel obliged to pay for letters they could not afford,
nor wish to receive.

On the 13th September 1843, Professor de Candolle's proposal was

approved. However, two other recommendations were not adopted. de
Candolle had suggested that stores all over town be authorized to sell the
stamps, thereby saving trips to the post office for many people. This idea
was rejected on the basis of the complex postal rate structure existing at
that time. Ordinary shopkeepers could not be expected to keep abreast of
all rates and changes. A proposal for lower postal rates was also rejected,
leaving the local rate at 5 centimes and the Cantonal rate at 10 centimes.
The unique design of the stamp, described below, provided for both rates.

1843 Double Geneva

The stamp's designer is unknown but believed to be Guillaume Pasteur,
Director of the Geneva Post at the time. The stamp was printed with black
ink on yellow-green paper by the lithographer Charles Alphonse Schmid, in
sheets of 50 doubles. Total printing was 1,200 sheets or 60,000 doubles of
which only 6,000 were ever used and only about 600 preserved.
The inscription over each double-stamp
indicates
"Cantonal
Postage
10
centimes", i.e. the rate for a letter from
one city to another. Each half-stamp
bears the inscription "Port local" (local
postage) with a value of 5 centimes.
There is some controversy surrounding
the first day of use for the Double
Geneva. The Zumstein catalogue
records the date as 1st October 1843, but that date was a Sunday. Philatelic
experts believe the actual first day was Saturday, 30th September 1843.
1843 Double Geneva

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Public Notice 77 of Wednesday, 27th September 1843 recorded the 30th

September as the day of issue and gave instructions for purchase and use
of the stamp. It was to be sold only at the post office and, as a special
favour to Professor de Candolle, at a paper shop near his home on the
north side of the river.
The public were slow to accept the stamps; very few franked letters are
known from late 1843. In an attempt to encourage prepayment of mail, the
post office decided on 6th February 1844 to sell the 10 centimes double
stamp at 8 centimes and the single stamp at 4 centimes. Unfranked letters
were still charged at the normal rates. This action saw a marked
improvement in the sale of stamps during the rest of the year.
Throughout 1844 postal rates were the subject of continuing discussion. On
11th January 1845, M. A. Barde, President of the Finance Department,
proposed that the rate for cantonal letters be reduced from 10 to 5
centimes. He expected an increased volume of mail to more than
compensate for revenue lost by lowering the rate. The Council adopted his
proposal and established uniform letter rates for the Canton, rates that for
the first time took into consideration the weight of a letter. Effective on 1st
April 1845 the rates became:
5 Centimes for a letter up to one ounce;
10 Centimes for a letter weighing between 1 and 3 ounces;
For letters over 3 ounces, 10 centimes for the first 3 ounces and 15 centimes
per ounce for the excess.

This resulted in the abolition of the 'Cantonal Post', and the double-stamp
became surplus to requirement. However, the "Double Geneva" was not
declared obsolete at the time. Although it was no longer sold by the post
office, private stocks were used, either as halves for the new 5c postage
rate, or as doubles for heavier letters until 1853.

1845 Small Eagle

A new stamp was proposed by Postmaster General
Pasteur, to be similar in design to half of the double-stamp
but slightly larger and bearing the inscription "Port
Cantonal". The lithographer, Charles Schmid, printed the
new design in black on yellow-green paper. The stamps,
called the "Small Eagle" because the eagle's wings do not
reach the edge of the shield, were laid out very close to
each other on the plate, sometimes touching the next
1845 Small Eagle
stamp. Because of this copies of the "Small Eagle" with
four full frame lines are very difficult to find. A total of 1,200 sheets of 100
stamps or 120,000 stamps were printed. The stamp was in use from 1st
April 1845 until the end of 1846.

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1846 Large Eagle

Towards the end of 1846, before the
supply of "Small Eagles" was exhausted,
the lithographer made a new plate with a
slightly different design. In the new
design the wing touches the frame of the
shield, resulting in the stamp being
called the "Large Eagle".
1846 Large Eagle

1848 Large Eagle

Official documents regarding the "Large

Eagle" have never been uncovered. It has been estimated that the first
printing on yellow-green paper was 100,000 stamps and the second
printing on dark green paper was 50,000. A full sheet of the "Large Eagle"
on yellow-green paper may be seen at the Philatelic Museum in Bern. It is
the only complete sheet of cantonal stamps known to exist.
First known use of the yellow-green stamps is 6th January 1847. The
lithographer's records indicate that the dark green stamps were delivered to
the post office on 2nd August 1848 and this is generally regarded as the
day of issue for the stamps. All of the cantonal stamps were valid until 30th
September 1854.

The Society's Library holds a number of reference books on the subject of

the Geneva Cantonal Issues,
including the following:
The Geneva Cantonal Stamps - LaBlonde, C.J. (AHPS)
The Cantonal Stamps - Allender, A.S.
The Forgeries of the Cantonal Stamps - de Reuterskiold, M.A.
Les Timbres Cantonaux de La Suisse et Leurs Falsifications - de Reuterskiold ,
M.A.
The Forgeries Of The Cantonal Stamps of Switzerland - Britfuss, F
Fournier's Forgeries of the Swiss Cantonals - Augustin, N (AHPS)
Notes on Switzerland and the Cantonal Stamps - Pfenniger, O
Types of 5c Geneva of 1847 - unknown
The Geneva Envelope Stamp - unknown
Large Geneva Eagle 1846-1848 - Gustave A. von Gross

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