Buku Abstrak (EnglishLatest21Sept15) PDF

iLEC 2015: Language, Education and Research: Upholding The Fundamentals, Embracing The Cutting Edge
iLEC 2015
ABSTRACT
ENGLISH
iLEC 2015
9
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC SECONDARY

SCHOOLS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Ibraheem Mikail Abiola
International Islamic University of Malaysia
Nigeria is not left out of the countries that subscribe to the fact that secondary
education is a veritable means of effecting national development. To this,
government, private individuals and organizations have established educational
institutions at all levels in order to satisfy the educational needs and aspiration of
the people. Education is believed to be life, hence, an educational instructor
stated that education is the development of the whole man; soul, body, intellect,
wills emotion and physical well-being. The products from our secondary schools
especially public secondary schools, still leave members of the public in doubt as
to whether any learning has taken place in the course of schooling. The reading,
writing physical and health education and numeracy skills that are expected to
be acquired at the secondary school level are even disappearing and this is
giving a lot of concern.
Keywords: Nigeria, Ibadan, Secondary School, Education, Government
iLEC 2015
13
GARDNERS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY AMONG

SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDENTS OF UITM MELAKA
Arnida Jahya, Norida Abu Bakar, Ahmad Nur Azam Ahmad Ridzuan
Faculty of Business Management, UiTM Melaka Kampus Bandaraya
Faculty of Business Management, UiTM Melaka Kampus Alor Gajah
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, UiTM Perak Kampus Tapah,
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of

practice or experience that may happen with or without understanding of it. For
learning to occur, the different kind of minds and cognitive strategies of the
students must be determined first. Gardners Multiple Intelligence (MI) is a theory
that explains the seven different intelligences of a learner. This theory will reveal
the extent to which students possess a different kind of minds and the process of
learning, remembering, performing and understanding in different ways. The
different MI of a learner requires different learning activities and teaching
methods that suit with their needs and preferences. As such, a study on MI
among 30 Bachelor Degree in Human Resource Management students in UiTM
Melaka has been conducted to explore the personal potential according to the
Gardners MI model and suggest for the most effective teaching and learning
strategies for young adult learners. 90 items of Multiple Intelligence test based
on Howard Gardners MI Model and Walter Mckenzies Questionnaires have
been measured and the result revealed that three types of intelligence show
more than 0.80 GMI indexes which are kinesthetic, intrapersonal and existential.
This paper will suggest the appropriate teaching and learning strategies that may
suit with the different MI of students. Several recommendations are well
discussed for future research.
Keywords: Adult learner, Multiple Intelligence, teaching and learning strategies
iLEC 2015
22
THE EFFECT OF FIGURATIVE MEANINGS ON

TRANSLATION
Elhadi Moh M. Ohida, Dr. Kirembwe Rashid Abdul Hamed
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
This paper aims to show that translating literature texts differs from translating
other kinds of texts. Literary forms manifested in plays, poetry, drama and novels
will be discussed to emphasize that literary words and expressions have special
effect on the reader. Translating literature texts includes translating the
metaphorical and figurative meaning which is considered as one of the difficulties
that face translators. In order to show these difficulties, genuine translated texts
full of figurative expressions and images will be taken as examples. Investigating
these examples will give an insight on how translating literature texts can be
distinguished.
Keywords: Translation, literature, meaning, effect
iLEC 2015
24
THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH COPULA BE BY MALAY

ESL LEARNERS
Nur Hidayatulshima Omar, Mohd Khairulfaidz Shamsudin,

Nor Atifah Mohamad, Nazarul Azali Razali
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka
The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the Malay ESL
learners acquire the English copula be in the two forms (present and past
tense) and in the three types of constructions: Adjective Phrase (AP), Noun
Phrase (NP), and Prepositional Phrase (PP). This paper reports on the results of
the judgment made based on the Grammaticality Judgment Test in which eightytwo students of Form 4 and 5 from two public schools in Johor Bahru and
Mersing were asked to judge items on the English copula be. An analysis of the
quantitative survey was presented for this study. The findings showed that the
elementary, lower intermediate, and upper intermediate groups have acquired
the past tense forms of English copula be better than the present tense forms.
The findings also showed that the elementary ESL Malay learners performed
better in the copula be + NP items and this suggests that they took advantage
of the similarity and had positive transfer from their L1 in the acquisition of
English copula be. Furthermore, the findings showed that the elementary group
of ESL Malay learners had difficulty in the usage of copula be + AP and be +
PP items and this suggests that there might be interference of their L1
knowledge in the L2 acquisition.
Keywords: copula, transfer, interference, acquisition
iLEC 2015
28
BARRIERS IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS OF

MATHEMATICS AT SECONDARY LEVEL: A QUEST FOR QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
Kaniz Fatema Pia
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mathematics is significant to recognize the computerized world and match with
the newly developing information technology knowledge and penetrating
everywhere in the world. Considering the interrelation of mathematics and
science Bangladesh Education Policy, 2010 prioritized mathematics education.
However, in spite of this understanding the overall performance of students in
Mathematics is unsatisfactory and the number of students in science discipline is
rapidly decreasing. The main reason behind this phenomenon is decreasing
quality of education. Hence, the focus of this research is to identify the existing
barriers in teaching-learning process of Mathematics of Grade IX- X. The
research questions are to reveal the major problems in the teaching-learning
process of Mathematics and propose possible solutions in order to overcome
these barriers. A mixed design approach (triangulation) was used to collect data
from teacher and students involved in the teaching and learning of Mathematics
through Questionnaire, Observation Checklist, Focus Group Discussion. It was
found that the problems are multifaceted and accordingly the solutions require
overall effort from all concerned stakeholders. The problems range from
pedagogical, social, economic, administrative and policy aspects to attitude of
students and teachers, competence of teachers, and the overall teaching
learning process. Barriers of teaching learning process of mathematics are
identified as: Systematic, Societal, Pedagogical and Medical barriers. Shortage
of teachers, lack of background knowledge and proper training, unavailability of
teaching manuals and large class size, inappropriate teaching methods etc. are
becoming hindrance for the teachers not helping each student according to
needs and give proper feedback timely. Moreover negative attitude of teachers,
students and parents towards mathematics and lack of motivation lead to
mathematical anxiety. Recruitment of teachers, proper training, overcoming
negative attitude toward mathematics, providing appropriate feedback, giving
motivation and use of different methods and teaching aids can make the
teaching-learning process more successful.
Keywords: Barriers,
Secondary Education
iLEC 2015
29
Taching-learning
Process,
Mathematics
Education,
FOSTERING UNITY AND IMPROVING CREATIVITY NEW

EXPERIENCES IN THE CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE VISUAL ART
EDUCATION
Siti Zuraida Maaruf, Saedah Siraj, Voviana Zulkifli
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Culturally responsive pedagogy is developed based on cultural knowledge, the
experiences of students from multi-ethnicity, their references and performance in
learning. The present research utilizes the Design and Develop method as
suggested by Richey and Klein (2007) focusing on the processes of developing a
module which is appropriate in the teaching of Visual Arts Education at upper
secondary level. The respondents consist of 60 upper secondary students of
Malay, Indian and Chinese ethnicity involved in the implementation process.
Results show positive responses from students and their strong optimist
perceptions towards Culturally Responsive Traditional Art crafts in Visual Arts
Education in Secondary School. Therefore, results obtained proved that there is
a need in developing a teaching module that is culturally responsive in the
teaching and learning of traditional art crafts in Visual Arts Education.
Keywords: New Experience, Foster Unity, Improve Creativity, Culturally
Responsive, Visual Art Education
iLEC 2015
46
INVESTIGATION ON THE AWARENESS, ATTITUDE, AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ISLAMIZATION
OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG UITM MELAKA LECTURERS
Fazlinda Hamzah, Mohd Azlan Shah Sharifudin, Nor Adila Kedin
UiTM Melaka
This paper attempts to seek understanding of how far do Muslim educators

familiarize themselves with the concept of Islamization of knowledge in their
teaching. It was widely believed that knowledge is free from any intrinsic values
that may render it biased to a culture or religious tradition. However, Muslim
scholars such as Ismail Al-Faruqi and Syed Naquib Al-Attas refuted such claim
as they believe Muslim students are at risk of being helpless against the
onslaught of scientific truth. Survey research design was employed to execute
this investigation in which a number of instructors from various fields offered in
UiTM Melaka were selected to answer 10 questions related to their awareness,
attitude, and implementation of Islamization of knowledge.
Keywords: Islamization of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitude
iLEC 2015
64
DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN

LANGUAGE TEACHING
Prof. Dr. Atmazaki Datuk Mongguang Sati, M. Pd.
Universitas Negeri Padang
In addition to the national exam, in Indonesia also known school exams. The
National exam is more cognitve then School exam. In National exam is used
miltiple choice model test, while in schoolexam is used performance test made
by the class teacher. The problem is, in gegeral, teachers have no been able to
develop an assessment tool in the for of performance, especially for assessing
learning outcomes writing and speaking skills. For decades, teachers assess
language skills with a device that is incomplete, both in the design of
performance and design tasks rubric scorring. This paper presents the results of
the development process and performance assessment tools (tasks and rubrics)
together in junior high school teachers in province of West Sumatra, Indonesian.
Task performance should be based on the context becouse the use of language
is always in context. Given that context, student demonstrate their skills in using
the language. In order the students helped in the task, the assessment criteria
should be given along with the performance of duties. At the end of the tasks,
teacher have attached scoring rubric to indicate HOW they will be assessed.
Keywords: Teaching language; performance assessment
iLEC 2015
72
PHILOSOPHY AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF

MEDRESETU'Z-ZEHRA IN TURKEY: A STUDY ON
BEDIUZZAMAN SAID NURSI
Kamaruzaman Yusoff, Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Omer Yilmaz

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Education has a dramatic role to give a platform to succeed as well as the

knowledge to enhance the level of society in terms of many aspects. The values
of education in an Islamic community will shine divinely over spiritual part of
human beings. In Turkey, a leader, Bedizzaman Said Nursi, was attempting in
his whole life for stabilizing of his idea, Medresetz-Zehra. The actual aim of this
study is to analyze Nursis philosophy approach of his Medresetz-Zehra. It also
elaborates the functional structure of Nursis project. Indeed, it focuses on main
representation of Nursis Islamic, political, social and educational struggle
especially in the pre-Republic era. To him, this project was only the solution for
the problems of bigotry, poverty and disunity among the Muslim community. He
continued with his efforts to establish Medresetz-Zehra even in the postOttoman era, in spite of the many political obstacles he had to face.
Keywords: Medresetz-Zehra, The Tanzmat, medrese, mekteb, tekke, zekt,
Eastern Turkey
iLEC 2015
74
HOLISTIC AND ENTREPRENEUR ATTRIBUTES IN

LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Noor Aina Dani, Azlinda Abd. Rahman
Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication,
Universiti Putra Malaysia
The study was concerned with testing the attribution theory and the principal of
locus control in language classroom. Empirical tests of differential predictions
were conducted by a questionnaire study with 100 final year students from
higher institution in Malaysia. The findings are interpreted as holistic attributes in
the language classroom are in favor of the stability of external perceived locus,
such as task difficulty and luck; mainly the axis of course selection, academic
staff, transfer of knowledge, values and information. The vital source of
information is still the lecturer. The entrepreneur attributes are more inclines
towards the internal factors, such as ability and effort. Students are able to
manage their finances well, but need to be more prudent in spending, have an
orderly plan budget, saving diligently, and actively look for additional income.
Keywords: holistic, entrepreneur, attribute, language classroom
iLEC 2015
75
CONVERSION TO ISLAM CEREMONY INTERVIEW:

STARTING THE INTERVIEW IN THE RIGHT FOOT
Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff, Harison Mohd Sidek, Hazleena Baharun,
Mohd Muzhafar Idrus
A good interview should be more like a guided conversation between an
interviewer and an interviewee. It is key that the interviewer skillfully controls the
conversation in order to obtain the desired information. The opening of an
interview is considered an important part of any interview as it sets the tone for
the rest of the interview. This paper reports on the discourse strategies employed
by two daees (propagators of Islam) during a particular dawah communicative
event i.e. Conversion to Islam Ceremony Interview. The main objectives of the
Conversion to Islam Ceremony Interview are to discover the potential converts
feelings about their conversion to Islam, their knowledge about Islam and
conversion to Islam and to rectify misunderstandings about conversion to Islam.
The focus of the paper is on the opening of the interview, that is, the analysis of
the discourse strategies that the daees employed to try to create non-threatening
atmosphere of conversation from the beginning of the interviews so as to
promote interaction and conduct effective interviews. Ethnography discourse
analysis was used to analyze the interaction between the daees and the
potential converts. The analysis reveals that during the opening of the interview
the daees subtly bridge the gap by getting the names of the potential converts
right, warm up the interview by asking general questions, and collect information
and confirm a matter tactfully and swiftly by asking close-ended/yes-no
questions.
Keywords: interview opening, ethnography discourse analysis, conversion to
Islam, dawah
iLEC 2015
78
THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION TASKS ON

LEARNERS' PRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE-RELATEDEPISODES (LRES) IN EFL CLASSROOM
Hazleena Baharun,Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff, Harison Mohd Sidek, Mohd
Muzhafar Idrus
Considering the importance of tasks in promoting interaction and language
learning, classroom-based research that investigates how communication
language tasks could be used in a classroom to promote meaningful interaction
and language learning is needed. This study explored language learning
opportunities captured in learners oral interaction engaged in communication
task completion. The investigation focused on the types of Language Related
Episodes (LREs) generated by the participants and how the LREs might
potentially
contribute
to
language
learning
opportunities.Eighteen
undergraduates in groups of three took part in the study. They were given two
communication task types to complete (i.e. the jigsaw and the decision-making
tasks). Learner interactions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The
data sets comprised transcribed recordings of learner interactions and they were
qualitatively analysed. Data was examined for the production of LREs identified
in the learner interactions and instances of language learning opportunities that
might occur during task completion. Findings revealed that the participants
produced LREs during task completion for both communication task types.
Further examination found that the major focus of the LREs was the lexical
LREs. The findings suggest that language learning opportunities operationalised
as LREs identified in the learner interactions could occur in tasks that were
actually designed to improve fluency. The lexical LREs produced may offer
occasions for language learning to emerge and opportunities for vocabulary
development are a particularly favourable outcome.
Keywords: communication tasks; learner oral output; Language Related

Episodes (LREs); lexical LREs; vocabulary development
iLEC 2015
80
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOCIOCULTURAL INSTRUCTIONAL DISCOURSE

Harison Mohd Sidek, Hazleena Baharun, Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff, Mohd
Muzhafar Idrus
The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of an instructional

discourse within the realm of the socio-cultural theory. A pre-school teacher and
a group of pre-school children participated in the study. Real time non-participant
observation, field notes and post-observation of the videotaped of the selected
conversation were the methods of data collection for the study. The data were
analyzed qualitatively using the coding derived the literature review. The data
were categorized in three characteristic themes; the interdependence between
social and individual processes, co-construction of knowledge and the use of
meaningful and purposeful language. The findings show that the selected
instructional conversation reflects the characteristics of conversations within the
realm of the socio-cultural theory. The implications of the study are discussed
within the context of second language teaching.
Keywords: Socio-cultural theory, co-construction, instructional discourse
iLEC 2015
83
PERFORMANCE OF THE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS AND

ITS RELATION TO PUPILS ACHIEVEMENT IN DIFFERENT
LEARNING AREAS
Mary Luna M. Ninal
Department of Education
This study aimed to determine the performance of the kindergarten teachers and
its relation to pupils achievement in different learning areas in the Division of
Kabankalan City. Using the standardized assessment and evaluation of the
Department of Education secondary data, 100 kinder teachers and 2901 kinder
pupils were investigated to determine the performance of the kindergarten
teachers based on their CompetencyBased Performance Appraisal System for
Teachers and the periodic assessment of kinder pupils collected as secondary
data. Weighted mean, Pearsonr, chi-square, Analysis of Variance were used in
the study. Findings revealed that the kindergarten teacher respondents were 2631 years old and most of them were female and married; they spent teaching for
two years and less and passed the Licensure Examination for Teachers. They
were very satisfactory as to instructional competences, school, and home and
community involvement, personal, social, and professional characteristics. It
also revealed that performance of the kindergarten pupils on their period of
assessment shows that they were slightly advanced in their development. It also
shows that domain as to performance of the kindergarten pupils were average
overall development. Based on the results, it is recommended that Kindergarten
teacher must augment their educational qualification and pursue their graduate
studies and must develop the total personality of the children for them to achieve
high advanced development to become productive individual.
Keywords: performance, kindergarten teacher, learning areas, professional, pupil
iLEC 2015
84
IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM MENACE ON ARABIC

EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Alfa Muhammed Salisu
International Islamic University, Malaysia
Arabic Education is as old as the advent of modern Education system in Nigeria.

It is a known fact that the first medium of formal education was Arabic language.
Although, Arabic has since been replaced by English language right from the
colonial period as a means of education and general communication. But Arabic
is given a special attention in the Nigerian education system because of its
historical antecedents and its relationship with Islam. However, there are
numerous challenges militating against the teaching of Arabic language in
Nigeria. Some of these challenges could be social, psychological, political etc.
Recently, the Boko Haram menace has contributed negatively to the
development of Arabic language in Nigeria because of its direct effect on the
Nigeria Arabic village; an institution responsible for the cultural and language
immersion for Arabic students in Nigerian Higher institutions. Therefore, this
paper aims at evaluating the impact of Boko Haram on the development of
Arabic education in Nigeria. Focus is on the effects of Boko Haram on Nigeria
Arabic village and the spillover effects on Arabic language in Nigeria Universities.
Keywords: Arabic Education, Boko Haram, Nigerian Universities
iLEC 2015
85
DECISION-MAKING, LEGITIMATION, AND POWER IN HOT

BENCH
Mohd Muzhafar Idrus, Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff, Hazleena Baharun,
Harison@Hanisa Mohd Sidek
Faculty of Major Language Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
Research by Fairclough (1992) and Van Dijk (2008), among others, have
demonstrated that power can be illuminated through analyzing discourses.
These discourses, according to Van Leeuwen (2007) and Wang (2006), have the
precedence to control some of everyday, social, and public spheres. Following
this premise, this paper examines how legitimation circulates power in selected
decision-making scenes of a three-judge panel of a popular syndicated TV court
show, Hot Bench. Premiered in 2014, Hot Bench draws over 2 million viewers in
October 2014, jumping to staggering 2.5 million viewers in November 2014,
making it one of the most watched syndicated legal reality TV programs in United
States of America, with its second season renewed through 2017. Two
objectives of this paper are set out; this paper firstly examines how organization
and resolution of cases are generally settled and secondly, it analyzes two
cases, defamation and personal property disputes. By analyzing conversations
constructed by judges who deliberate verdicts in their chambers, this study which
employs Van Leeuwens (2007) framework of legitimation concludes that the
judges typically employ three types of legitimation- authorization, moral
evaluation, and rationalization over the course of adjudicating TV court
proceedings. This study ultimately contributes to the broader field of discourse
analysis by presenting insights into the use of legitimation in legal reality TV
programs and taps onto the belief that language, through discourse analysis,
serves as a vehicle within which specific discourse community maintains power.
Keywords: popular culture; discourse analysis; legitimation; power; Hot Bench
iLEC 2015
86
UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING: ITS IMPACT FOR

ENHANCED PERFORMANCE IN GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
Jose Gay D. Gallego
Central Philippines State University
This study examined the learning performance in General Psychology of 297
freshmen of the CPSU-Main through the Pre and Post Tests. The instructional
intervention via Universal Design for Learning (UDL) was applied to 33% (97 out
of 297) of these freshmen as the Treatment Group while the 67% (200) belonged
to the Control Group for traditional instructions. Statistical inferences utilized oneway Analysis of Variance for mean differences; Pearson R Correlations for
bivariate relationships, and; Factor Analysis for significant components that
contributed most to the Universal Design for Learning instructions. Findings
showed very high levels of students acquired UDL skills. Results in the pre test
in General Psychology, respectively, were low and average when grouped into
low and high achievers. There was no significant mean difference in the
acquired nine UDL components when categorized into seven colleges to
generalize that between colleges they were on the same very high levels.
Significant differences were found in three test areas in General Psychology in
eight colleges whose students in College of teacher education taking the lead in
the learning performance. Significant differences were also traced in the post test
in favor of the students in the treatment group. This proved that UDL really
impacted the learning performance of the low achieving students. Significant
correlations were revealed between the components of UDL and General
Psychology. There were twenty four significant itemized components that
contributed most to UDL instructional interventions. Implications were
emphasized to maximizing the principles of UDL with the contention of thoughtful
planning related to the four curricular pillars of UDL: (a) instructional goals, (b)
instructional delivery methods, (c) instructional materials, and (d) student
assessments.
Keywords: universal design for learning psychology
iLEC 2015
97
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS AND JOB

PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN EDUCATION INDUSTRY - A CASE
STUDY
Nasuha Bhasah
The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between training
effectiveness and job performance in Malaysian education industry, a case study
at Kolej Poly-Tech MARA Kuala Lumpur (KPTMKL). Random samples of
lecturers from various disciplines at KPTMKL took part in this research. The
participants were requested to identify the most important factor that influenced
their job performance, level of their job performance and the significance
relationship between variables. Three main factors of training effectiveness were
tested which include trainer attribute, self-efficacy and social support. A
questionnaire was developed and distributed to the participants at KPTMKL.
The questionnaire consisted of three parts: Part A (Demographic), Part B
(Factors of training effectiveness) and Part C (Job Performance). Eighty four
questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The result showed that the most
important indicator of training effectiveness is self-efficacy with standardized
coefficient beta of 0.409, mean score of 4.0357 with standard deviation 0.47023,
indicating higher level of job performance with very uniform variance. Finally,
there was a statistical significance relationship between factors of training
effectiveness and job performance with R = 0.77. The results of the study were
discussed and several recommendations were proposed for future research.
Keywords: Job performance, training effectiveness, self-efficacy, organization,
education industry.
iLEC 2015
102
STAKEHOLDERS' ATTITUDE ON PLAY BASED APPROACH

IN PRESCHOOL
Quadri Mojeed Akorede
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak
This paper presents the Stakeholders attitude towards play based approach in
preschool within Uvwie Local government of Delta state, Nigeria. Since
preschool is the foundation of all other stages of education, it is important to
censor and monitor the type of education children receives because it affects
their developmental process. The study, therefore investigate the attitude of both
parents and teachers towards the use of play based approach as enshrined in
National policy of education in Nigeria in preschool system. The study used a
qualitative approach through pedagogical hermeneutics method and
interpretation. The participants used in the study includes, twenty classroom
teachers, twenty parents as well as five school owners and administrators and
finally two ministry officials as sample size through purposive sampling method.
The written text from these stakeholders were analyzed from the primary sources
of in-depth interview, written text and observation. The findings revealed that
majority of the parents and teachers used as participants in this study support
the use of play based approach in preschool. Recommendations were made on
how to enlighten the few parents who believe children need is basically
academic and not play as held by the majority.
Keywords: Stakeholders, attitude, play based approach
iLEC 2015
109
CHALLENGES OF SCHOOL COUNSELLORS IN

MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
Dr. Kabir Bello Dungurawa
Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Bayero University
The paper sees multicultural counselling as a helping relationship, which

involves two or more persons with different cultures, beliefs, language and
environment. The paper discusses some of the challenges of multicultural
counselling experienced by school counsellors such as language and cultural
barriers, lack of knowledge among counsellors and interference of significant
others in the counselling profession. Counsellors should therefore understand
the cultural conditioning of their clients and the socio-political system of the
society which they are part of. The demonstration of this should involve
counsellor's belief, attitude, knowledge and skills. Some recommendations were
made such as: develoment of awareness of cultural values and awareness of the
cultural background of each client.
Keywords: Challenges, School Counsellors and Multicultural
iLEC 2015
112
EFFECTS OF MOTHER TONGUE AS MEDIUM OF

EDUCATION ON INTELLECTUAL HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT
Dr. Muhammad Tariq Khan
University of Haripur, Pakistan
Human Resource Development (HRD) is an important topic of present time with

a broadened scope and integrated concept when looked from socioeconomic
angle, encompassing physical, intellectual, psychological, social, political, moral
and spiritual aspects of development. Intellectual development of human
resource is by imparting education, training, and skills. Human resource for this
paper means all the human beings. This paper is dedicated to study intellectual
aspect of HRD, in which the effects of education in mother tongue on HRD have
been researched. In majority of developing countries or ex-colonies of European
powers medium of education is any foreign language. Education when imparted
in foreign language or any language which is not spoken at the home of pupils or
in their surrounding atmosphere causes difficulties in learning and
understanding, leading to their failure or drop out from the schools, which is a big
loss to human resource even to humanity at large. When students are dropped
out from schools and become and remain uneducated or less educated the
economic growth of the country remains less as well as the human developed
index of the country remains low declaring this country less developed or
sometimes backward.
Keywords: Human Resource Development, Mother Tongue, Education
iLEC 2015
119
THE PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN

READING COMPREHENSION IN SULTANATE OF Oman
Saif Nasser Saif Alazri
Ministry of Education in Oman
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of grade four
Omani Basic Education students in reading comprehension and to uncover the
contribution of some factors that consider as predictors of student reading
comprehension performance. The study sample was (840) students of the 4th
grade, who were selected from (42) Omani government schools of five
Educational Governorates in Oman. In collecting the data, five instruments were
used, Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) revealed the student attitudes toward
reading, parental involvement in reading and teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about
teaching reading were significantly predicted the student reading comprehension
performance. In all Hierarchical Linear Modeling, it appears that student attitudes
toward reading made the biggest contribution as a predictor of their reading
comprehension performance, followed by teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about
teaching reading, and parents' involvement in reading.
Keywords: reading comprehension performance, attitudes toward reading,
parental involvement, self-efficacy beliefs.
iLEC 2015
131
BRIDGING PERFORMANCE GAP THROUGH COGNITIVE

ENGAGEMENT OF THE MALAY AND CHINESE STUDENTS
IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CLASSROOM
Arniza Ghazali
Universiti Sains Malaysia
A community of first year undergraduate students were studied in order to
understand the factors behind the performance gap among Malay students and
the less divergent performance amongst the Chinese students. The nonperforming Malay students contributed to the low overall average score in a
selected science and technology course. For coursework, less of the Chinese
students fell into this group due to the collaborative learning strategy within the
community. Their actual level of understanding of the course contents became
visible, however, in the individual examination transcript, hence balancing the
number of low performing Malay students in the coursework. To support
students learning equally, several interventions were designed by deliberately
reflecting upon students learning experience by the principles of scholarship of
teaching and learning (SoTL). Superb cognitive engagement was found as being
aided by course masterpiece map construction (CMC). Across ethnic groups,
CMC was claimed as challenging and students confessed their ineptitude in
performing the task. CMC, however, was excellently constructed by students
who were once given the intervention in high school examination preparation.
The resilience in thinking and struggling in grasping the course contents were
portrayed in the details presented in his constructed map. Post-evaluation of the
constructed masterpiece map, students were given a model map as their study
guide. Analysis of performance in the final examination shows that maximisation
of the constructed map fall in a continuum of novice to professional depending
on attitude, receptiveness to new approach and willingness to devote to the
slow-and-sticky process of concept map construction and this worked well
across the diverse learners, regardless of ethnic groups and coursework marks.
Keywords: cognitive, engagement, mapping, SoTL, Science.
iLEC 2015
132
PREDICTOR OF RESPONSIBLE ENGAGEMENT IN THE

NANO-SCALE MATERIALS RESEEARCH - OUTPUT OF
EFFECTIVE LEARNING
Arniza Ghazali, Mohd Ilmi Izzuddin Mohd Jamaluddin, Afiqah Ahmad, Mohd
Firdaus Yahaya, Wan Rosli Wan Daud
To identify the predictor of responsible engagement in the research on nanoscale materials, the effects of nanotechnology on human health and the
environment are hereby reviewed. The problem statement presented in the
related research journals were scrutinized in order to propose the predictors of
responsible research engagement in the mentioned areas. The fundamental
knowledge of nanotechnology was firstly acquired to uncover the crude
meanings of jargons and the emerging issues. The reported and projected risks
pertinent to the functional period and the end-of-life of nano-scale materials are
also discussed taking selected sectors such as sports, medical, cosmetics and
transportation into consideration. The found identified threats were closely
associated to the unstudied long term effects of exposure to the nano-scale
materials. However, the adverse long-term effects are often ruled out by the
superb short-term benefits offered by nanotechnology. Seeing the needs for a
plan of action to curb the potential risks and threats concerned, the mechanism
of moderating the pace of nanotechnology transfer with the results from
predictive studies on nano-toxicity and the development of standards for
adherence by the manufacturer and consumers need to be placed in sync. This
is hereby proposed and discussed as the Mechanisms for Infusing Moderation
(MIM) protocol. Support for efforts adhering to this protocol is the main predictor
for responsible engagement in the learning about the nano-scale materials

through research. The effort of defining the predictor is mandatory to better blend
nanotechnology with the wellbeing of mankind
Keywords: engagement, effective, learning, nanotechnology, moderation
iLEC 2015
136
A TRACER STUDY ON THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GRADUATES OF THE
CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY - MAIN
CAMPUS
Debbie Lou B. Enquilino
Central Philippines State University
This research study focused on the association between the employment and
tenurial status of BSIT graduates and their profile. The study covered the 170
BSIT graduates of CPSU-Main Campus, school year 2012-2014.A standardized
questionnaire was employed to gather data to meet the objectives of the study.
The statistical tools utilized were cross tabulation, frequency and percentage
distribution, and chi-square test. Findings showed that majority of the
respondents were employed locally in private sector, had regular status, waiting
time of 3 months and below, and had above weighted general average. No
significant associations between employment and tenurial status of the
respondents to the batch they belong, gender, civil status, age, weighted general
average, waiting time, location of employment an awards received. However,
there are significant associations on the tenurial status of the respondents to the
batch they belong, gender, salary, type of organization they were employed, and
awards received. Majority of the respondents would like to acquire more training
in computer technology. Data encoder was the top career they perceived they
can be effective 5 years from now. They advised to those whose interested in IT
to focus in their studies, shows hardwork, and resourcefulness to be successful.
They recommended the university because it is affordable. The College of
Computer Studies offers quality education as perceived by the respondents and
suggested improving the laboratory facilities and establishing an alumni website
to maintain the partnership between the graduates and the university.
Keywords: Tracer, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, Central
Philippines State University
iLEC 2015
151
FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF MUET-PREPARATORY

COURSE SYLLABUS: IDENTIFYING PREFERENCE
BETWEEN THEMATIC INSTRUCTION AND INTENSIVE
EXAM PRACTICES
Juliana Niza Ismail Adnan
Teaching an exam class poses a challenge in balancing between language
teaching and testing especially for short, intensive exam-preparatory courses.
The Malaysian Examinations Council recommends 240 hours of teaching time to
cover the whole syllabus. However a MUET exam-preparatory course offered in
USIM only offers 42 contact hours. The researcher attempts to meet the
challenge of balancing between teaching and testing in an exam class for lower
proficiency learners by introducing thematic instruction and to gauge the
learner's response to the treatment. This treatment is a part of formative
evaluation of the course to see if improvements in teaching delivery could be
developed to meet the needs of the learners. The treatment is conducted over a
course of 6 weeks for 3 hours per week. 138 respondents were then required to
answer 5 point Likert scale questionnaire survey while 5 students were selected
for a semi-structured interview to gauge their preferences and response to the

treatment. Findings show that while the respondents feel that the thematic
instruction is helpful in language development and interesting, but they prefer to
have equal treatment for both thematic instruction and intensive exam practices
when a significant number of respondents expressed the desire to continue to
work on past exam papers and practices from MUET exam practice textbook.
The preference for rote learning in this intensive MUET exam-preparatory class
continues to prevail due to deep rooted belief on intensive exam practices as a
learning strategy to prepare for the upcoming exam.
Keywords: course evaluation, exam class
iLEC 2015
154
THE USE OF INTERPERSONAL STYLE IN STUDY GUIDES

FOR DISTANCE LEARNING INSTITUTIONS
Malvin Vergie
University of South Africa
This paper will explore the use of interpersonal style in study guides in bridging
the gap between the academic culture represented by lecturers and the nonacademic culture represented by students at a distance learning institution (DLI).
The study guide has to facilitate the student in the world of a new and sometimes
intimidating culture, namely the (tertiary) academic culture. When lecturers write
for students, they must have an understanding of the challenges facing distance
learning students and write in clear, accessible language. There is little or no
face-to-face contact between lecturers and students at an ODL institution, and
teaching takes place primarily by means of printed study material, specifically
study guides. Study guides substitute for the lectures and other contact periods
that residential students receive. However, many students may have trouble
understanding the type of language used in study material, essentially, academic
language, sometimes because lecturers may not have an understanding of the
challenges faced by students at a DLI and/or because they are used to writing in
a formal, academic style, which is often not easily accessible to first-year
students. The aim of the paper was thus to investigate the use of the
interpersonal style of writing in a successful study guide for L2 speakers of
English. In the research conducted for this study the use of the interpersonal
style of writing for effective study guides was identified. This criterion was
extracted from literature on effective writing/teaching in general, then discussed
briefly in terms of its relevance for the specific purpose of writing effective study
guides, and finally applied to critically evaluate the language used in three study
guides used at a DLI.
Keywords: interpersonal style; effective language; distance learning institution;
linguistic criteria; academic culture
iLEC 2015
156
THE USE OF GRAMMATICAL COHESIVE DEVICES IN

EXPOSITORY ESSAYS AMONG MALAY ESL
UNDERGRADUATES
Sumayyah binti Shaidin, Khairunnisa binti Othman
Universiti Teknologi MARA Melaka
Cohesion is very important aspect as it acts as an assistant tool to achieve

coherence in writing. Cohesion is realized by the use of grammatical and lexical
elements to semantically link the meanings in a text. Focussing on grammatical
cohesive devices, this research was carried out to investigate the use of those
cohesive devices in expository essays written by Malay ESL undergraduates
using Halliday and Hasans (1976) taxonomy of cohesive devices as foundation.
Thirty essays written by diploma students from a public university were collected
randomly to be analysed. The researcher employed content analysis to identify

the most frequently used grammatical cohesive devices and error analysis to
discover the cohesive errors made by these participants. The results revealed
that the students used more reference devices than conjunctions. Overall, they
were capable of using the cohesive devices but some of them were used
inappropriately. In terms of cohesive errors, they had great difficulties in using
pronouns and additive conjunctions. The study concluded with a discussion,
some possible pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Cohesion, Writing, ESL
iLEC 2015
158
SPEECH ACT POLITENESS WITH BURDEN MINIMIZING

COURTESY: FACS FROM MINANGKABU ETHNIC
Dr. Ngusman Abdul Manaf
Universitas Negeri Padang
Politeness of speech act in Minangkabau is important to study because it is

created and performed based on cultural values of one of the unique tribes in the
world, namely matrilineal system. This paper explains how the Minangkabau
ethnic creates a politeness speech act in Minangkabau. The data of this paper is
speech act of Minangkabau produced by Minangkabau native speakers in
Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The result of the data analysis shows that:
(1) the burden minimizing courtesy is one of the strategies dominantly used to
create politeness speech act in Minangkabau. (2) Burden minimizing courtesy
can be classified into four categories: (a) minimizing goods quantities, (b)
minimazing time, (c) minimizing distance, and (d) minimizing activity. (3) These
strategies are conducted by the speakers to create image that the speakers do
not want to disturb the freedom of the listeners. According to the values of
Minangkabau Custom, disturbing someone is not a good behaviour.
Keywords: politeness, burden minimizing courtesy, speech act, speech act
strategy, Minangkabau
iLEC 2015
160
FSKM STUDENTS' METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN

READING
Rodhiah Amzah
This paper attempts to investigate part 2 students of Diploma in Actuarial

Science programme from the Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences
(FSKM) metacognitive awareness in reading. The participants were tested using
the Metacognitive Awareness in Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) version
1.0 by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002). This paper aims to help students to
monitor their reading activity as well as applying reading strategies while they
read. Knowing students awareness in reading will help lecturers in
understanding students strengths and weaknesses in reading.
Keywords: Metacognitive, reading, reading strategies
iLEC 2015
171
SHIFTING THE SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN WORD

FORMATION: THE STUDY ON MORPHOLOGY AND
SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF BLENDING, CLIPPING, AND
ACRONYMS
Prof. Dr. M. Zaim
Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
The general guidelines of word formation as annexed in appendix II of the
reference standard of Indonesian Grammar has not yet accommodated the
Indonesian word formation system used by the Indonesian speakers today.
Meanwhile, a new system of word formation began to emerge and the old
paradigm shift in conjunction with the development of science and technology,
and the change social, cultural, and political paradigm. As a result, the reference
standard of Indonesian grammar is no longer adequate to understand the system
of the formation of the new words. Morphological studies, which analyze the
internal structure of the words can be used as a theoretical foundation to address
the issue of the Indonesian word formation. From the other side, sociolinguistic
study, which analyzes the link of language with the language speakers in the
community, can give meaning to the word formation shift. This paper will discuss
(1) the morphological shift of Indonesian system of word formation in the form of
blending, clipping, and acronyms, (2) the sociolinguistic functions of the word
formation, and (3) the productivity of the word formation system based on
morphological and sosiolinguistic studies. The study of the shift of word
formation system may reveal a shift in the way of thinking and the way of looking
at social, cultural, and political problems of the Indonesian speakers today.
Keywords: word formation, morphology, blending, clipping, acronym
iLEC 2015
178
FLIPPING IT IN USIM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF

IMPLEMENTING
Akhdiat Abd Malek, Mohd Ridwan Mohd Lau, Kartini Mohamad Amin
Flipped classrooms/lessons, easily said, are the opposite of traditional

classrooms/lessons. In these classrooms/lessons, the protagonists have shifted
from teachers to learners. This is an exploratory study to investigate whether this
type of classroom/lesson is implementable in USIM, at least from the learners
point of view. Here, learners are asked on whether they prefer their
classrooms/lessons to be flipped, and in doing so they may experience different
classroom settings, different teaching and learning practices, extraordinary types
of notes and exercises, and maybe different assessment styles that may also
result in different outcome/grades. Surprisingly, the respondents reacted
positively to the possibility of their classrooms/lessons being flipped. They
seemed to have a positive view towards all the changes that flipped
classrooms/lessons may experience. The respondents preference towards their
classrooms/lessons being flipped may indicate that they have accepted that
current teaching and learning styles require them to take centre stage rather
than being spoon-fed traditionally. In addition, it may also indicate that they (the
respondents) have acknowledged that the best person to look for learning
materials that suit them are actually themselves since the so called one-size-fitsall notes from teachers may not actually fit every learners needs. It is hoped
that this study may lead to the actual implementation of flipped
classrooms/lessons in USIM, thus enabling USIM students to not only be just
receivers but also providers in their own teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Teaching,Learning, Flipped Classrooms/Lessons
iLEC 2015
185
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE COLLABORATION IN

IMPROVING STUDENTS READING SKILLS
Phawani Vijayaratnam
INTI International University
This research will discuss the effectiveness of using the blended learning
approach i.e. face-to-face and online in improving students reading skills among
pre MBA students in a private university. As we know reading is becoming a
dying activity especially among todays internet savvy youth, some of whom, not
surprisingly, may not have read any English book in their lives. In this course the
short texts selected provide good stimulus for a variety of higher-order thinking
skills activities that are not only meaningful, but also purposeful for the students.
Students are able to react to situations, verbalize their thoughts and make
mature connections with the realities of life. These are initially done via peer
collaboration and group presentations. Students are then required to collaborate
in an online environment where opportunities are given for students to reflect,
examine the main ideas in the book and connect them with their realities in life.
This is to encourage critical reflection in students.
This is a mixed method research and the primary method is a questionnaire to
determine students attitude towards the tasks. The qualitative study will probe
deeper into students experiences and the instructors perspectives toward the
tasks set. Data is gathered via a questionnaire survey, observations, document
(journal) analysis and student presentations
Keywords: critical reading and reflection, online collaboration
iLEC 2015
196
DEVELOPING HOTS (HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS)

THROUGH LYRIC ANALYSIS
Amalia Qistina Castaneda Abdullah, Jeslyn Amarasekera
This paper will attempt to elucidate on the significance of song lyrics as being
considered a part of literature and is able to develop high order thinking skills
through lyric analysis. By examining the lyrics of Love The Way You Lie by
Rihanna featuring Eminem, Kiss with a Fist by Florence and the Machine and
This Love by heavy metal group Pantera; with Michel Foucault's understanding
of power relations in mind, this paper will seek to highlight the significance of
power and control within a relationship which is reflected within the song lyrics
and how love and violence go hand in hand.
Keywords: love, violence, lyric, analysis
iLEC 2015
202
LECTURERS ATTITUDES ON THE USE OF HUMOUR IN

CLASSROOM
Khairul Firhan Yusob, Khairunisa Nikman & Ahmad Nazri Jelani
Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang
Of all topics concerning classroom instruction, the use of humour seems to be

given the least attention. While some believe that using humour creates a fun
and lively classroom, some lecturers might experience different situation which
hamper them from using it. Thus, this paper aims to answer two research
questions pertaining to the lecturers attitudes on the use of humour in
classroom. This study was undertaken in a public university in Malaysia which
makes English proficiency courses as compulsory subjects. 60 lecturers were
involved in this study as respondents. The results show positive attitudes of the
lecturers with regard to the humour use. This paper, thus, shows some valid
concerns on the lecturers attitudes on the use of humour in classrooms.
Keywords: humour; classroom instruction; lecturers; attitudes
iLEC 2015
203
THE USE OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE

ESL TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS' LISTENING SKILLS FOR
IELTS
Daljeet Singh Sedhu, Suraini Mohd Ali, Haliza Harun
Tunku Abdul Rahman University College
Although listening skill is crucial in the development of ones proficiency in any

language as it is the key that unlocks the communication pathway of a language,
it is not an easy skill to be acquired as it demands a host of active informationprocessing intertwined with background knowledge and language proficiency.
Therefore, teaching listening skills is one of the most complex tasks for any
teacher as successful listening skills require the usage of effective strategies.
Based on critical review of literature and personal experience as a teaching staff,
the researcher believes that instructions through metacognitive strategies will
help IELTS candidates to cope with problems dealing with IELTS listening
comprehension. Metacognitive strategies involves planning for learning, thinking
about the learning process as it is taking place, monitoring of one's production or
comprehension, and evaluating learning after an activity is completed. This
qualitiative research using the case study method will be carried out on two
groups; teachers and students. Data will be collected in three phases: proir,
during and after the implementation of metacognitive strategies through
interviews, recordings of journals and open ended questionaires to gain insights
on the participants experiences. The outcomes of this study is not only expected
to enhance listening skills for IELTS candidates but also listening skills for
tertiary levels.
Keywords: Listening Skills, Metacognitive Strategies and IELTS
iLEC 2015
205
STUDENT'S SATISFACTION ON WRITING A CREATIVE

WRITING WORK IN A COLLEGE MAGAZINE
Zainab Mohd Zain, Nurul Huda Mohd Saad, Hazlin Ibrahim Khan
Universiti Teknologi MARA Melaka
Creative writing skill is one of an important aspects of academic performance as

well as of subsequent work-related performance. In order to achieve higher
levels of satisfaction in writing performance, more practices need to be done.
This study explores if extensive practice in writing is related to high creative
performance. Students from different background of studies participated in a field
experiment are given a chance to participate in producing a creative writing work.
Selected works would be published in a college magazine. In total, 200 university
students participated in the study by filling out a questionnaire on their
satisfaction on writing in a college magazine. The questionnaire inquires the
courses taken in the school year, total hours spent on writing, and background
information. The results indicated that students who spent more time on writing
performed significantly better on the creativity test. This study concludes that
creativity scores, especially scores of elaboration, are significantly correlated
with attitudes toward writing, and the amount of time spent on writing.
Keywords: creative writing skill, students satisfaction, college magazine,
university students, attitudes on writing.
iLEC 2015
208
AN INVESTIGATION OF PERCEPTION OF SPEECH ACT OF

APOLOGY BETWEEN JORDANIAN AND ENGLISH
CULTURES
Bilal Ayed Al-Khaza'leh, Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff
This paper reports on the investigation of the perception of speech act of apology
(sociopragmatic competence) between Jordanian and British cultures i.e. an
inter-language pragmatic research that is interested to investigate the cultural
similarities and differences between the two cultures. Discourse Completion Test
(DCT) and Scaled Response Questionnaire (SRQ) are used to elicit data from
three groups: 50 Jordanian L2 speakers in Malaysia, 50 Jordanian non-English
speakers form Hashemite University in Jordan and 50 English native speakers
from British Council in Jordan. The three groups of respondents were asked to
assess four internal contextual variables i.e. the severity of the situation, the
possibility of the speaker apology, the difficulty of the apology by the speaker
and the likelihood of apology acceptance in order to understand their cultural
perceptions that may influence their production of apology. Data analysis is
quantitatively done. The perception of speech act of apology or the
sociopragmatic competence is analyzed using one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) statistical test so as to find out whether there are any significant
differences between the means of the three groups. The findings of the study
could be used to raise the awareness of the members of the two cultures about
the cultural differences.
Keywords: Speech act of apology, Pragmatics, Inter-language pragmatics,
Discourse Completion Test (DCT), Scaled Response Questionnaire (SRQ).
iLEC 2015
211
DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEM COURSE TUTORS ICT

UTILIZATION IN KANO NTI STUDY CENTERS
Bello Shehu
Bayero University Kano
The study examined the relationship between Distance Learning System

Program Course Tutors utilization of information and communication technology
(ICT)and access to information in Kano study Centers.The study is correlational
in design and the population comprised of all 50 course tutors of the National
Teachers Institute Distance Learning System Program in Kano Center.One
research question and corresponding hypothesis guided the study.A researcherdeveloped structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The
reliability coefficient of the instrument was established using Cronbachs alpha
formula with a value of 0.687. Mean and Standard deviation were used for the
data analysis and hypothesis tested at alpha level of 0.05 using Pearson Product
Moment Correlation. The results revealed that there is a relationship
betweencourse tutors and utilization of information and communication
technology in Kano study centers.It was therefore, recommended that National
Teachers Institute should provide ICT accessories and refresher courses should
also be organized for teachers trainers and trainees on the utilization of ICT in
distance learning study centers.
Keywords: Distance Learning System,course tutors and Information and
communication Technology
iLEC 2015
212
USING SCHOOLOGY TO IMPROVE ESL STUDENTS'

LISTENING COMPETENCE
Heero Mohialdeen Rashasoor; Tan Bee Hoon
Listening is a crucial skill that must be acquired by all language learners. Many
freeware and courseware are available online, and can be used to improve
listening, for example, Schoology. It is an online Learning Management System
that can be used to get students interested to do listening tasks compared to
activities conducted in class. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of
using Schoology in improving ESL tertiary students listening skills. It also seeks
to compare the efficiency of two different modes of listening materials, audio and
video, through a quasi-experiment. The study was conducted in a public
university in Malaysia. The sample comprised 50 undergraduates who were
randomly divided into two experimental groups.The measurement instruments
consisted of a pre-test and a post-test, and the treatment was a series of
listening materials presented to the two experimental groups in either the audio
or the video mode through Schoology. The data were computed by using t-Tests.
The results showed that the listening exercises conducted through Schoology
produced a significant gain between the students pre-test and post-test means.
In addition, the study found that the audio mode achieved a higher mean than
the video mode in the post-test. Findings from the study should be useful in
helping language teachers to decide which mode of listening materials to use in
teaching listening skills.
Keywords: Schoology, listening, audi mode, video mode
iLEC 2015
214
EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND EDUCATION IN THE

NORTH -WEST OF NIGERIA: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES
Muhammad Adamu Kwankwaso
Nigerian Society Of Educational Psychologists
Early childhood is a critical period of rapid physical, cognitive and psycho-social
development of a child. The quality of care and Education which a child receives
at this crucial age will determine to a great extent the level of his/her physical
and cognitive development in the future. In Nigeria, early childhood care and
education (ECCE) is a fundamental aspect or form of Education for children
between the age of 3-6. It was started after independence as pre-primary
education or early child development as contained in the 1977 National Policy on
Education. The trends towards ECCE in Nigeria and the northwestern part of the
country in particular keep up changing as in the case of other part of the world.
The current trends are now towards expansions, inclusiveness, redefinition, early
literacy, increased government participation and the unprecedented societal
response and awareness towards the education of the younger children. While
all hands are on deck to ensure successful implementation of the ECCE
programme, it is unfortunate that, ECCE is facing some challenges. This paper
therefore, examines the trends in early childhood care and education and the
major challenges in the north west of Nigeria. Some of the major challenges
include, inadequate trained ECCE teachers, lack of unified curriculum, teacher
pupils ratio, and the medium of instructions and inadequate infrastructural and
teaching facilities respectively. To improve the situation the paper offered the
following recommendations; establishment of more ECCE classes, enforcement
for the use of mothers tongue or the languages of the immediate community as
a medium of instructions, and adequate provision of infrastructural facilities and
the unified curriculum across the northwestern states of Nigeria.
Keywords: early childhood care, education, trends, challenges
iLEC 2015
217
ANALYSIS OF TEST INTERPRETATION SKILLS AMONG

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN KANO
STATE NIGERIA
Nasir Saad
Association Of Tests And Measurement Of Nigeria
The aim of the study is to investigate the possession of test interpretation skills
among Senior Secondary School teachers in Kano State-Nigeria. Four research
questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey was
employed as a design. The population of the study covers all Senior Secondary
School teachers in Kano State (13,181) out of which (211) were proportionally
sampled. Test interpretation skills test (TIST) was used as the instrument for
data collection. Data collected was analyzed using t-test and Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA). The findings of the study revealed that senior secondary
school teachers in Kano state possesses test interpretation skills and also the
findings reveals no significant gender difference in teachers test interpretation
skills. Meanwhile, significant difference exists in teachers possession of test
interpretation skills by experience and qualification.
One of the
recommendations is that Teachers Service Board and Ministry of Education
should device means of organizing workshops, and seminars for teachers in
order to improve and maintain their skills in test interpretation.
Keywords: Test Interpretation Skills and Senior Secondary School Teachers.
iLEC 2015
224
TAPPING ON AUTHENTIC PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

(PBL) EXPERIENCE THROUGH PHENOMENOGRAPHIC
INTERVIEW
Dr. Suraini Mohd Ali
Learning in a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) environment is challenging for

learners compared to any other traditional classroom atmosphere since the
learners are put into a learning context that demands a lot more learning skills.
Therefore, without acquiring learners authentic experience: their perspectives
about the nature, interpretation and outcome of their complex learning
experience, remains unknown. This paper argues that the use of
phenomenographic interview, a qualitative interviewing tool, captures the
understanding of the authentic learning experience to its best. The central
premise of phenomenographic interview is engaging participants through
reflection and dialogue about their experience and integrates practices that
encourage participants to articulate their assumptions on which they base their
actions. This in return stimulates reflection for both the interviewer and the
participants. Thus, using the data from one of the authors current research on
learners experiences in PBL, the author illustrates the kinds of data emerged by
using the different probe techniques of phenomenographic interview.
Keywords: Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Phenomenographic Interview and
Qualitative research
iLEC 2015
227
MESSAGES WISDOM CULTURE IN THE CLASSICAL STORY

AS CONSIDERATION OF INNOVATION IN EDUCATION
Abdurahman
Padang State University
This paper describes the phenomenon of graduate school education are very
sufficient knowledge but weak in attitude and character, which is a problem that
should be a concern of educators. Many parties indicated phemomena it
happens because of a lack of learning-oriented values, especially the cultural
values into community expectations for livers together. Although graduates of
education schools are expected virtuous character is good, there are many of
them were not aware of a culture that does not strengthen the cultural
community, but they tend to deviate from the normal tact culture in society. To
improve the condition of the dilemma, cultural studies and findings about the
wisdom in the classic story can be taken into consideration in the development
and innovation of education. In my research in 2013 about the wisdom in the
classic story, found there are five messages wisdom is to be hope in developing
a life that needs to be associated with educational innovation, which is about the
wisdom of the essence of life, the nature of the work, the nature of time, the
nature of the relationship with others, and the nature of the relationship with the
environment. Messages wisdom was considered very relevant in education for
modern life that is not only focused on globalization but also people who are firm
believers in the local cultural values that have been seeded in life. This paper
also aims to explain the link necessity the message of cultural wisdom in the
classic story as a literary language educational innovation so that a value-based
education-cultural values of the nation.
Keywords: wisdom, classic stories, educational innovation
iLEC 2015
229
A NEW MULTI-APPROACH MODEL BASED ON ARABIC

MORPHOLOGY, LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS AND ONTOLOGY
FOR EXTRACTING PROPHETIC HADITH CONCEPT
Hishomudin Ahmad, Noor Azma Mohamad Khaasim, Norzulaili Mohd
Ghazali, Zainal Abidin Hajib, Rabiatul Adawiyah binti Mohamad
Hadith is the second source of Islamic teachings after the Quran. It is the highest
level of human verses that had been revealed by Allah through Jibrail.
Understanding Hadith must not be taken lightly to peel the intended. Only expert
scholars can interpret the particular verses using specific rules and methodology.
However, there is a need to simplify the meaning of Hadith, in order to preach
about Islam and its rules, especially for ordinary Muslim or non-Muslims. Thus, a
flexible model that can represent Prophetic concept is required for people to
understand the content of the Hadith. This research is proposing a multiapproach model to precisely extract Prophetic concept based on combination of
Arabic morphology, latent semantic analysis and ontology. The existing
literatures focus only on ontological approach, which could not extract the indepth concept of Hadith without considering the importance of Arabic
morphology and latent semantic analysis. Therefore, the objectives of this
research are to analyze and categorize Prophetic word according to Arabic
morphology based on its roots and patterns, to investigate hidden semantic
relationship among Prophetic words, to propose a new model for extracting
Prophetic Hadith and to validate the proposed model with Arabic linguistic and
Hadith expert. This research will be conducted quantitatively through content
analysis approach technique. It is expected that the model will come out with a
precise concept of Hadith. This will be very significant in enhancing the overall
Hadith;s understanding among the society in Malaysia and Muslims world.
Keywords: Arabic Morphology, Latent Semantic Analysis, Ontology, Extracting
Prophetic Hadith Concept
iLEC 2015
236
STIMULATING SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG LIBYAN EFL

LEARNERS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
Eman Fathi Baresh, Suraini Mohd Ali, Ramiaida Darmi
In Libyan higher Education, techniques utilized in teaching English as a foreign
language are test driven. The classes focus on grammatical rules, memorization
of vocabulary, translation of texts and doing written exercise. Most of these
classes are taught in the native language (Libyan Arabic) with little active use of
English language. This problem is argued to be very serious among Libyan EFL
learners and mainly due to teaching techniques inherited within classroom
context. As a result, Libyan students were reported to have difficulties in
speaking skills that pose a problem when it comes to conversing in English
language for presentations or more importantly when they start working.
Therefore, the researcher believes that this problem can be better tackled by
implementing problem-based learning (PBL) approach since this approach
represents a fundamental shift from a teachers delivery of fixed knowledge base
to the facilitation of students activity knowledge construction through
collaborative problem solving (Barrows, 1985). This study will be carried out
using a case study method. Merriam (1998), sees a case study as a thing, a
single entity, a unit around which there are boundaries (p. 27). She further
asserts that case can be a person, a program, a group, a specific policy and so
on. The research participants will be observed, interviewed and asked to write
reflective journals which will be analysed accordingly to arrive at qualitative data.
Thus, this study is expected to uncover the effect of PBL approach on stimulating
speaking skills among Libyan EFL learners.
Keywords: Problem-Based Learning; Speaking Skills
iLEC 2015
245
ARABIAN NIGHTS AND DAYS: THE ALLEGORICAL SEQUEL

OF THE ARABIAN NIGHTS
Ghada Sasa
Yarmouk University
This article examines the influence of The Arabian Nights on Najib Mahfouzs
Arabian Nights and Days. The Arabian Nights provides an archetypal narrative
structure which Mahfouz utilizes in his Arabian Nights and Days. The purpose of
this study scrutinizes the reformulation of four narrative elements pertinent to
The Arabian Nights, namely, plot, narrator, characters, and setting. These
elements exemplify the allegorical depiction of political corruption in the Egyptian
society. The studys narrative scrutiny follows a textual analysis of the cyclical
plot as used in The Arabian Nights. The narrators name and identity is similar to
The Arabian Nights traditional narrator, but he will be studied in the light of
modern Egyptian citizenship. A close reading of the characters dialogic voice will
extricate the authors implicit voice in the novels magical real context. This voice
critiques the dominating political corruption transpiring in an allegorical setting
which resembles the contemporary Egyptian society. The conceptual framework
used in this study draws up Mikhail Bakhtins concept of dialogic novel; whereby
the author expresses his/her monologic, or abstract ideology, through the novels
dialogic voices.
Keywords: Allegory, Dialogism, Mahfouz, Magical Realism, Monologism
iLEC 2015
250
THE INCLUSION OF NAQLI AND AQLI ELEMENTS IN EAP

COURSE (BIA 3012) ASSESSMENT: STUDENTS'
PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION
Normazla Ahmad Mahir, Shaharudin Ismail & Najwa Hayaati Mohd Alwi
In English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Course (BIA 3012), one of the two
Course Assessments (Research Paper) has been embedded with Naqli and Aqli
elements. In the Research Paper, the students have to support their Aqli
arguments with Naqli evidences, which include the Quranic verses or Hadith. As
such, 70 students (of various programmes) from Faculty of Science and
Technology (FST) have been selected as the participants of this study. The
objectives of the study are (1) to find out the participants level of understanding
towards the integration of Naqli and Aqli elements in USIM curriculum and (2) to
find out the benefits of such integration, and (3) to analyze the participants
critical responses (supporting Aqli issues with Naqli evidences). Questionnaires
were used to materialize the first two objectives. The findings for the third
objective will be based on the participants Research Papers which are submitted
via GOALS. The papers then are to be screened by the Turn-it-in Software as
effort to curb plagiarism. Results showed positive acceptance on the inclusion of
Naqli and Aqli elements in EAP Course (BIA 3012). Interestingly, the
participants analytical response on issues such as Globalization has somehow
triggered their Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) as they give their viewpoints
from both Western and Islamic perspectives (Naqli and Aqli).
Keywords: English for Academic Purposes (BIA 3012), Turn-it-In Software,
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
iLEC 2015
253
THROUGH THE LENS OF DRAMA: A STUDY OF STUDENTS'

PERCEPTIONS ON USING DRAMA IN AN ENGLISH AS A
SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL) CLASSROOM
Azni Mohamed Zain, Nur Dalila Mohamad Nazri
Nurhuda Mohamad Nazri
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology
(UniKL MESTECH)
This paper reports the findings of a small-scale study dealing with students
perceptions of learning English as a Second Language (ESL) through drama.
The objectives of the study are i) to investigate the ESL students perceptions of
a drama task used in the classroom and ii) to examine whether the drama task is
able to help the students to develop self-confidence in using English. The
participants were 30 (Semester Two) students enrolled in a Foundation English
course at a private university in Selangor. Based on questionnaire responses,
the results of the data were quantitatively analyzed. Results of the study suggest
that drama activities are positively accepted among the students, as well as
being an enhancing tool to develop their self-confidence in using the target
language among themselves. The study concludes that as a teaching technique,
drama activities could be useful and fun for second language learners in giving
them the opportunity to practice the target language actively, especially in the
ESL classroom.
Keywords: ESL, drama
iLEC 2015
255
THE CHILDREN'S RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN NIGERIA:

CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Abdulraheem, Taofeeq Abolaji
Folorunsho, Ahmad Hussein; Imam-Tamim & Muhammad Kamaldeen
International Islamic University Malaysia
Right to education is one of the fundamental rights recognised and guaranteed in

international, regional instruments. Nigeria as a signatory to most of the human
rights instruments is expected to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation
of the relevant provisions of the conventions that guarantee right to education.
Provision of education in Nigeria therefore ought to be as of right, and should
therefore be available and accessible to the Nigerian children as a proof of the
protection of the said right. However, implementation of children right to
education in Nigeria remains a mirage and this is not unconnected with some
identified challenges. It is in the light of this that this paper examines and
analyses the challenges facing the implementation of childrens right to
education in Nigeria and come out with suggestions for possible solutions. The
paper uses legal doctrinal and content analysis of Nigerian statutes and relevant
literature.
Keywords: Children; Education; Nigerian Children; Education in Nigeria; Right to
Education
iLEC 2015
256
THE REPRESENTATION OF HOTS IN THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELT
Sharifah Sheha Syed Aziz Baftim
Hj Ghazali Mustapha
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan
With the globalization of education across the world, thinking skills are now being
given importance in Malaysian higher institutions. The inclusion of thinking skills
in the curriculum is evident, but whether or not the outcome of the teaching and
learning process provides a true reflection of the curriculum (which consists of
thinking skills) is one issue that needs to be addressed. Thus, this study aims to
explore the different levels of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) infused at the
implementation level of English language teaching (ELT) in the Pre-diploma and
Diploma in Science program at selected institutions of higher learning.
Qualitative in nature, it employed a mixed form, in which a simple quantitative
measurement of statistical analysis was included. Content analysis was utilized
on the data collected with the use of the descriptors in the COGAFF Taxonomy
and the Mental Operation Questions. The outcome of the study raised certain
issues in the infusion of HOTS at the implementation stage, as there were some
inconsistencies in certain areas. These issues need to be addressed to ensure
the effectiveness of the teaching process in relation to the infusion of HOTS,
since this will assist students learning in a more efficient manner, and more
importantly, provide some space for them to think freely. Hence, the process will
allow students to become self-sufficient in managing themselves and withstand
global challenges in the future.
Keywords: higher order thinking skills, implementation, English language
teaching
iLEC 2015
266
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF TEACHING RESEARCH

PAPER WRITING FOR EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS USING
A PROCESS GENRE APPROACH (PGA)
Kim Thanh Tuyen, Shuki b. Osman, Nor Shafrin bt. Ahmad, Thai Cong Dan
Research paper writing is an integral part of completing all research work for
dissemination of its outcomes, especially through publications. However,
developing theories and enhancing practices of research paper writing in EFL
classrooms has not been a great concern. This paper therefore, aims to propose
a conceptual framework of teaching research paper writing for EFL university
students using a process genre approach (PGA). Process Genre Model (PGM)
proposed in this study was an integration of four theories: (1) Process Genre
Theory (PGT) proposed by Badger and Whites (2000); (2) PGT proposed by
Yan (2005); (3) PGT proposed by Shahrina Md Nordin and Norhisham bt.
Mohammad (2006) and (4) Cognitive Process Theory (CPT) of writing proposed
by Flower and Hayes (1981). In order to validate the proposed PGM, the
interviews with a staff of enperienced and qualified lecturers of academic writing
were also conducted. The results from the interviews revealed that the proposed
PGM of this study was validated by a staff of lecturers. In this paper, the core
concepts related to the framework (i.e., research paper writing, research paper
writing performance in terms of content, organization, and language use,
research paper writing strategies, critical thinking, genre analysis and input) are
defined. Moreover, main theories and approaches to teaching and learning
underlining the conceptual framework of PGA are presented and discussed. The
Process Genre Model (PGM) as proposed in this study is then described and
explained. The paper concludes with discussions on pegagogical implications of
PGM in research paper writing classrooms. This study will contribute to both
academic writing theories and practical applications to research paper writing
program developers, lecturers, undergraduate and postgraduate students in EFL

context.
Keywords: EFL undergraduate students, research paper writing, Process Genre
Approach (PGA), Process Genre Model (PGM)
iLEC 2015
275
USING COURSEWARE TO HELP STUDENTS LEARN

ARABIC INTERACTIVELY
Zukeri Ibrahim, Mohammad Syukran Bin Kamal Ruzzaman
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
The aim of this study is to examine the potential use of courseware to help
secondary school students learn Arabic interactively. More specifically, it
discusses the advantages of using courseware to learn a language and then
identifies commercial Arabic courseware in the market and describe their
features. We examine the theoretical basis for each of the Arabic courseware
and test each feature; i.e. the learning theories that support the development of
the courseware and the learning activities they offer. The analysis of the software
suggests that the use of computer support in form of multimedia is potential to
enhance the students understanding of the language.
Keywords: Arabic courseware, interactivity, multimedia
iLEC 2015
278
TRAUMATISED SOCIETY: A STUDY OF TRAUMATIC

EXPERIENCE THROUGH THE EYES OF DUONG THU
HUONG'S NOVEL WITHOUT A NAME
Ahmad Azfar Bin Abdul Hamid
Mohd Eddren Bin Fadzilah
Taylors University Malaysia
Hardev Kaur
This paper attempts to examine the cause and effect of Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) within Duong Thu Huongs Novel without a Name. From the
year 1955 to 1975, Vietnam suffered from the Indochina War or also known as
the Vietnam War which lasted for almost 20 years. This event resulted in
permanent scarring for the Vietnamese society when not just physical trauma
occurred but also the psychological side of the society. Although the event in the
novel happened during the war but the novels plot took place during the final
years of the war until the fall of Saigon. The traumatic experience depicted by the
author can be seen from the era of French Revolution until the unification of
North and South Vietnam. There are several studies had been done on the
subject of PTSD especially for the Vietnam Wars veteran (considering Vietnam
Wars veteran is a term for the American soldiers) but there are little studies or
research had been done for the Vietnamese society. The interest of this paper is
to study the cause and effect of PTSD within the Vietnamese society through the
novel. By utilizing both the psychological concept of PTSD and the traumatic
literary theory, this paper managed to come up with a study which combines the
two fields. The utilization of the traumatic concepts from both fields have shown
that the Vietnamese society did suffered from their traumatic experience and the
effect did not just affect the surface of the society but it goes much deeper.
Keywords: Traumatic Society, PTSD, Duong Thu Huong, Novel Without a Name,
Vietnam War, Society
iLEC 2015
282
USING ISLAMIC-BASED ESL MATERIALS IN CLASSROOM :

THE PRACTITIONERS' PERSPECTIVE
Zarina Ashikin Zakaria, Norhana Abdullah
As Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) is implementing the integration of
naqli and aqli knowledge within the context of education and the teaching and
learning of languages, it is essential for the practitioners of ESL to think of the
teaching materials used in the classroom. At the moment, we are using ready
made textbooks for all level of English language courses offered in USIM, and
most of the textbooks are written and published by English writers. Of course, no
elements of Islamic is instilled which is contradicting with the effort of us, the
practitioners in instilling the values of Islamic in the classroom. If the teaching
materials have Islamic values, it would be easier for the practitioners to do so.
Hence, this study will look at the perceptions of the practitioners of the use of
Islamic-based teaching materials in teaching English Language.
Keywords: Aqli & Naqli, Esl Materials, Islamic-based Materials
iLEC 2015
287
ARTICULATORY RESPONSE OF CEREBRAL PALSY

STUDENTS IN UTTERING CONSONANT SOUNDS
Agis Andriani
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Speech mechanism involves brain in order to organize the speech apparatus to

produce the sounds, especially consonants. The uncomplete coordination of
brain and muscles of the speech apparatus impact to the process of articulating
the speech sounds. This research focuses on how the students articulatory
response on the consonant sounds in words. The data are words taken from the
observation and test to the two students who have cerebral palsy in the special
needs school. The theory of response type articulation (Davidson, 2006)
becomes the foundation of analysis. The result shows that the responses are
correct, deletion, segment change, and mix types. Some of these types give the
coarticulation effect that also reflects on the duration in their articulation.
Therefore, it implicates that the students need a the certain accomodation to
make them able to communicate well.
Keywords: speech mechanism, speech apparatus, consonants, articulation,
accommodation
iLEC 2015
288
WRITING APPREHENSION AMONG UUM INTERNATIONAL

STUDENTS WHEN WRITING IN ENGLISH
Mohammed Fowzi Bashir Elsharagi, Haryati Bakrin
Universiti Utara Malaysia
In most academic institutions, written assignments are normally a requirement in
any academic pursuit. Students who do not acquire good writing skills may face
failure in their academic life. Unfortunately, writing has long been claimed to be a
very difficult skill to acquire and is dreaded by the second language (L2) or
foreign language (FL) students (Gupta, 1998). In Universiti Utara Malaysia
(UUM) international students need to use English extensively for their academic
purpose. Many of these students face a tremendous challenge in writing skill
known as writing apprehension (WA). Apprehension related to academic writing
has become an important issue in university setting, particularly at the intensive
English language program of the university. The purpose of this study is to
determine the level of writing apprehension among international students
attending an Intensive English Language Course (IELC) at UUM and to find out if
a relationship exists between writing apprehension and writing performance. A
sample of 63 international students, both from the undergraduate and
postgraduate programmes, answered the Daly-Miller (1975) Writing
Apprehension Questionnaire and the results were submitted for correlational
analyses. Results of the descriptive statistics indicated that students from Saudi
Arabia recorded the highest level of WA followed by those from Somalia and
Indonesia. The correlational analyses showed that the relationship between WA
and writing performance was negatively significant at .01 level. The independent
t-test results indicated that the undergraduate and postgraduate students differed
significantly at .01 level in the levels of WA. The findings highlight the causes of
WA among the students and to provide insights into the effective means of
managing and dealing with apprehension. The study recommends counseling
from the writing instructors as one of the methods to identify students
weaknesses and instill confidence in students to engage in constant selfadministered writing practices to improve writing proficiency.
Keywords: Writing Apprehension, Writing performance
iLEC 2015
289
EXPLORING THE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE

USEFULNESS OF CLIL MODULES AND ICT INTEGRATED
LEARNING IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM
Kamsilawati Kamlun, Chang Siew Lee, Suhaida Omar, Yoon Sook Jhee
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
This study outlines students perceptions of the usefulness of the Content and
Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) modules and ICT integrated learning in
English lessons at a local public university. CLIL provides the opportunity to
show students that equal attention is given to both the content and language in
CLIL lessons. English is not a secluded, individual subject since it can be parts of
other subjects like History, Geography, Arts and Science, so students should not
be constraint to only memorising grammar rules and doing grammar exercises in
their workbook. The main objective of this study is to explore the first-year
undergraduates perceptions of the usefulness of the CLIL modules. This
research applied qualitative method using the reflective journal writing to gather
the students views on how CLIL modules and to use ICT in CLIL lessons can
improve learning of English among the undergraduates. There were 22
participants who were identified as low-intermediate English learner with
Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Bands 1 and 2. The findings showed
positive feedback through the students responses that the CLIL module is useful
in their English lessons. Most of the students shared that the lessons help to
improve their understanding of English grammar as well as their communication
skills in English. This indicates that CLIL with ICT plays a role in motivating
students to learn English in a contemporary way.
Keywords: CLIL, ICT, Perceptions, Usefulness, English
iLEC 2015
294
EMBRACING AND SUSTAINING DIVERSITY IN HIGHER

EDUCATION
Aizan Yaacob, Rosna Awang Hashim, Nena Valdez, Norhafezah Yusoff
Universiti Utara Malaysia
Higher education institutions in Malaysia face a considerable variation of

diversity with the over aching process of globalization progressively affecting
every aspect of our existing diverse society. The influx of foreign students has
dramatically changed the local landscape of our higher education institutions. In
conjunction to that, this study presents the potential trainers' perspectives on
learner diversity to manage diversity in higher education. It attempts to answer
the following research questions: to what extent did the lecturers react over their
training experiences; to what extent did the lecturers acquire the intended
knowledge, skills and attitudes as outcomes of the training; and to what extent
did the learners apply what they learned back on the job. Data were collected
using survey, portfolio and reflections. As this is part of a larger study, this paper
reports the findings gathered from 15 participants reflections. The participants
perceived the Learner Diversity training as highly relevant (3.84) to their teaching
and learning practices in higher education. They reported to have gained not
only knowledge and skills on Learner Diversity but also admitted some attitudinal
change in their beliefs, values and teaching approaches. However, negative
behaviours and stereotyping addressed by the participants were also highlighted.
Diversity training is a crucial platform to educate lecturers and potential trainers
on sustaining diversity in higher education.
Keywords: Learner diversity, Higher education, Reflection
iLEC 2015
295
FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING IN LIBYAN
PREPARATORY SCHOOLS
Zenb Abubaker Ibrahim, Ramiaida Darmi, Suraini Mohd Ali
Faculty of Major Language Studies,
Islamic Science University of Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
Teaching English as a foreign language in Libya has heavily drawn on the

grammar-translation method (Warayet, 2011; Tabulawa, 2003). One explanation
can be that because English is taught as a foreign language, little or no attention
is needed to enhance students communicative ability in the language (Riazi &
Rahimi, 2005; Richards & Rodgers, 2001). The necessity for new methods of
teaching English as a foreign language for Libyan students has been increased,
language learners in Libyan context have come to realize that the traditional
methods of language instruction such as Grammar-translation method and
teacher-centered approach are ineffective and does not fulfill their needs in
learning the language (Orafi & Borg, 2009: 244). They have relooked the
pedagogical implication of methods which was a combination of both teacherand learner-centered activities. New approaches in the Libyan context towards
English as a foreign language may produce better learning results. In recent
decades, Libyan teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) have been
encouraged to implement Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) to help
develop students English abilities appropriately in context. To incorporate
teachers voices in adopting the communicative approach in the curriculum, this
study explores factors that hinder EFL teachers implementation of
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Libyan preparatory schools.
Keywords: Communicative
preparatory schools
Language
Teaching,
EFL,
Libyan
teachers,
iLEC 2015
298
CRITICAL THINKING: INCORPORATING HIGHER ORDER

THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) IN ESL WRITING CLASSES
P.Nesamalar A/P P.Panjalingam
International Islamic University of Malaysia
ESL writing classes can be excellent venues for incorporating critical thinking
activities in order to assist as well as train learners to utilise higher order thinking
skills (HOTS). This study was carried out with one class of 18-year-old ESL
learners at a centre for foundation studies at a Malaysian university. The purpose
of this qualitative study was to ascertain if activities carried out prior to writing an
essay would enable the participants to make use of HOTS. Data was obtained in
the form of written reflections to posed questions. Excerpts from the reflections
show that the learners do feel that participating in the critical thinking activities
did enable them to think more extensively and in-depth about the essay topic.
Keywords: Critical thinking, HOTS, ESL
iLEC 2015
299
TEACHER'S QUESTIONING IN ACADEMIC WRITING

CLASSROOMS
Hafiz Mohd Radzi, Nujaidah Nuwairi
Centre for Foundation, International Islamic University College Selangor
Effendi Abdullah
Faculty of Management and Muamalah, International Islamic University College
Selangor
Ghazali Mustapha PhD4
Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Questioning is a useful tool in language teaching and learning. To nurture

students critical thinking, language instructors should ask high-order questions
in class. Keeping that in mind, this paper is based on a case study which
investigated teachers questioning in Academic Writing classrooms at a private
tertiary institution. The instructors were observed in the classrooms. It was found
that the instructors asked low-order and high-order questions in class. This study
suggests that there are restrictions in the use of high-order questions in
Academic Writing classes.
Keywords: English for Academic Purposes; Questioning; Critical Thinking
iLEC 2015
303
ANTHONY BURGESS AND BEDS IN THE EAST: THE

EVOLVING CONCEPTS OF BANGSA MALAYSIA
Farahanna ABD Razak, Ida Baizura Bahar, Rosli Talif
Beds in the East (1959), the final installment of The Malayan Trilogy (1964), is
set in pre-independence Malaya and was written by the well-known twentieth
century British author, Anthony Burgess (1917-1993), with themes of religion and
ethnicity. It followed the earlier publications of Time for a Tiger (1956) and The
Enemy in the Blanket (1958) and is believed to have been overlooked in the
Malaysian literary and sociological contexts. This is despite the fact that current
scholarship indicates that there are indeed issues regarding nationhood and
nation-building embedded in the narrative of the text, notably the evolving
concepts of Bangsa Malaysia reflected in the novel which in turn echoes the
elements of unity among the rich mixture of ethnic groups portrayed in it. The
notion Bangsa Malaysia was first conceptualised by the former Prime Minister of
Malaysia, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad (1991), and marks the first time the Malaysian
government is officially putting forward a clear vision in building a nation. In fact,
it is not only the first of the nine challenges listed in Vision 2020 but was also
launched to create a oneness atmosphere among the ethnic groups, in hopes it
will reduce, if not erase, the tension among them. This study reveals that there
are indeed evolving concepts of Bangsa Malaysia depicted through a mixture of
characters from various ethnicities, namely the Malays, the Chinese and the
Indians, through the use of the national language, Bahasa Malaysia, as well as a
change of mindset and personal judgement. In addition, the evolving concepts
do support the earlier stage of the formation of Bangsa Malaysia, namely
tolerance.
Keywords: Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East, Bangsa Malaysia, identity,
tolerance
iLEC 2015
305
THE MARRIAGE BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

ISLAMIC STUDIES
Rabiathul Adhabiyyah bt. Sayed Abudhahir, Dr. Afida bt. Mohamad Ali
English is no doubt a very important language to be learnt by everyone. It is a

lingua franca that connects people from different parts of the world. Sadly,
learning the English Language has been seen as a taboo among Islamic Studies
students and practitioners. For some of them, they see English Language as the
language of the kufars and they see no benefit in them learning this particular
language. Hence, learning the English Language is looked as something that is
the least important subject for these students. This is the scenario that has to be
changed. English Language and Islamic Studies should go hand in hand so that
students who graduate from these programs will be able to go out of the
university, with skills to communicate, debate, discuss and far more importantly
preach about the religion to the non-Muslims. This critical review paper looks at
the marriage between English Language and Islamic Studies. How students of
Islamic Studies must be made aware of the importance of the English Language
is for them. They should see the relationship between English Language and
their content papers to make them interested in learning the language. This is
where the role of English for Specific Purposes or ESP comes into action. ESP
helps to bridge this gap and this gap has to be filled. Besides that this paper also
aims to provide readers the awareness on how important it is to gel these two
important entities to ensure graduates of Islamic Studies will able to walk their
talk
Keywords: ESP, EIS, Needs Analysis, Materials, Islamic Studies
iLEC 2015
316
ANALYSIS OF TEST INTERPRETATION SKILLS AMONG

SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN KANO
STATE NIGERIA
Nasir Saad
Bayero University, Kano
The aim of this study is to investigate the possession of test interpretation skills
among Senior Secondary School teachers in Kano State-Nigeria. Four research
questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey is
employed as a design. The population of the study covers all Senior Secondary
School teachers in Kano State (13,181) out of which (211) are proportionally
sampled .Test interpretation skills test (TIST) is used as the instrument for data
collection. The data collected are analysed using t-test and Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA). The findings of the study reveal that Senior Secondary School
teachers in Kano state possess test interpretation skills and also the findings
reveal no significant gender difference in teachers test interpretation skills.
Meanwhile, a significant difference exists in teachers possession of test
interpretation skills by experience and qualification. One of the striking
recommendations offered is that Kano State Teachers Service Board and
Ministry of Education should device means of organising workshops, and
seminars for teachers in order to enable them improve and maintain their skills in
test interpretation.
Keywords: Test, Interpretation, Skills and Teachers
iLEC 2015
319
A VISUAL DOCUMENTATION ON TRIBALS IN INDIA IS

MADE INTO TEACHING RESOURCE THROUGH A
CONTENT ANALYSIS RESEARCH METHOD
G.Arockiasamy; Sujeevan Kumar Bullard
Karunya University
The technologically driven world spins around the information explosion and
knowledge resources. Dr.Dgumarti Bhaskara Rao states The emergence of the
Learning Society amongst advanced technology economies with its
concomitant knowledge updating and renewal for individuals create new
expectations. The developing countries have come to realize the role and need
of higher education for the future generation.. This consciousness has urged the
government and private institutions to examine their present educational setup
and find new means and ways to upgrade and transform the existing educational
strategy. The fundamentals of education is arriving at Scientific truth through
search and research as part of education that remains as source of knowledge.
Ambani in his report states, Education is becoming even more vital in the new
world of knowledge , knowledge has become the new Asset. Future Growth of
the world is expected to come from knowledge led business. In this regard, a
total transformation by developing a new method of Teaching Resources is
crucial. The methodology used in this paper is to use the qualitative analysis
method as content analysis and study how images and visuals of the tribal life
style has revealed in providing number of data to arrive at some conclusions.
The objective is to study them analytically and learn. The findings confirm that
lack of education and technological adaptation is the major stumbling block to
their empowerment. Some of their traditional practices also found in the findings
as hindrance to their progress. This paper helps in developing a Educational
resource Material as module.
Keywords: Bonda tribe, Naga tribes, tribal lifestyle, traditions, social awareness,
Content analysis, Teaching resources, analytical method
iLEC 2015
321
UPHOLDING THE FUNDAMENTALS AND EMBRACING THE

CUTTING EDGE THROUGH THE MULTILITERACIES
APPROACH IN THE MALAYSIAN CONTEXT
Fariza Puteh Behak
This paper discusses the ways to uphold the fundamentals and embrace the
cutting edge in the process of implementing a Western-based multiliteracies
pedagogy (The New London Group, 1996, 2000) in the Malaysian educational
context. It was a participatory action research study with two iterative cycles of
planning, action, observation and reflection, conducted by a group of three
researchers in Bakti Polytechnic (pseudonym). It also involved 30 first-year
Diploma of Civil Engineering students. Data was collected through qualitative
measures which include observation, informal conversations and professional
discusions. Data was then analysed using a Critical Reflective Analysis (PutehBehak, 2013). The paper will first outlines the unsuccessful first attempt of the
implementation of the multiliteracies approach in the Malaysian context due to
the clash of western- based multiliteracies pedagogy and the Malaysian cultural
values. Then, the paper explains the ways the researchers created a
contextualised multiliteracies approach that combines the fundamentals which
were the Malaysian cultural values and the cutting edge multiliteracies
pedagogy.
Keywords: multiliteracies, participatory action research
iLEC 2015
323
THE PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN

READING COMPREHENSION IN SULTANATE OF OMAN
Dr. Saif Nasser Saif Alazri
Arabic Language Supervisor, Ministry of Education in Oman
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of grade four
Omani Basic Education students in reading comprehension and to uncover the
contribution of some factors that consider as predictors of student reading
comprehension performance. The study sample was (840) students of the 4th
grade, who were selected from (42) Omani government schools of five
Educational Governorates in Oman. In collecting the data, five instruments were
used, Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) revealed the student attitudes toward
reading, parental involvement in reading and teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about
teaching reading were significantly predicted the student reading comprehension
performance. In all Hierarchical Linear Modeling, it appears that student attitudes
toward reading made the biggest contribution as a predictor of their reading
comprehension performance, followed by teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about
teaching reading, and parents' involvement in reading.
Keywords: reading comprehension, attitudes toward reading, self-efficacy,

reading predictors
iLEC 2015
327
BRINGING ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE TO THE MOVIE

EXPERIENCE
Norhana Abdullah, Zarina Ashikin Zakaria, Sulhah Ramli
Faculty of Major Languages Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
This paper discusses an English Language teaching and learning (ELT)
approach from the
Islamic perspective.
It describes the theoretical
underpinnings of language learning through listening (Oxford, 1993, Vandergrift,
2002) as well as the benefits of adding images to foster listening skills (Bowen,
1982; Guichon & McLornan, 2008). The paper then positions the Islamic
perspective into this conventional theoretical footing. This paper is a part of a
larger study which identified dominant areas of English Language use and
engagement among a group of Islamic based learners. A survey was carried out
to determine context of English Language use and engagement where it was
found that learners were most actively engaged in the English language while
watching movies. The paper then suggests an approach that promotes watching
films/movies/motion pictures; seeing ( al basar) or watching and hearing or
listening (al sama) as predominant activities in the teaching and learning
process. This approach is deemed helpful to this group who are generally
perceived as low- proficiency learners as it increases motivation and reduce
apprehension. This paper then suggests some related materials that are in
accord with the Islamic requirements. From the standpoint of Islam, audio
(hearing, listening) and vision (sight, seeing) are two main bases of knowledge
and thought used to communicate with the outside world. Speaking is based on
hearing, and imagination is based on observation. Sense of hearing and sense
of sight are the blessings of God as mentioned by the Holy Quran.It is HE WHO
has created For you (the faculties of) Hearing, sight, feeling And understanding:
little thanks It is ye give! [Quran 23:78]; [Quran 32:9]. Verily WE created Man
from a drop Of mingled sperm, In order to try him: So WE gave him (the gifts), Of
Hearing and Sight. [Quran 76:2]
Keywords: Islamic perspective, ELT approaches and materials.
iLEC 2015
329
SPM (ENGLISH LANGUAGE) AND MUET: ISSUES AND

CHALLENGES
Shahirah Sulaiman, Nur Safura Abd Ghaffar, Raimizar Rahim, Mohamed
Akhiruddin Ibrahim
English has been introduced and evaluated in Malaysias education system
through stages of assessment. The English language skills are listening,
speaking, reading, and writing form the core of the curriculum. Students use
these skills to interact with people, obtain information and present information,
respond to literary texts, and express themselves creatively. However, English
language results in Sijil Peperiksaan Malaysia (SPM) among the students
towards studying in tertiary level as they need to sit for Malaysia University
English Test (MUET); has become an issue and a worrisome for all. Therefore, it
is important to find out what are the contributing variables to this issue. This is
evident especially during students MUET evaluation. As Malaysian government
recognizes the importance of English language as the international language;
thus, the objective of this paper is to revisit and also explore how the elements
selected affect English Language use since from schools level. The elements
are expectations of teachers and lecturers, methodology used in teaching and
learning, difference needs in learning English for schools and universities
syllabus and motivation in learning English. In addition, at the end of this, this
paper is also trying to identify the aspect of language that should be enhanced in
ESL teaching and learning to improve the level of proficiency among students.
Keywords: MUET, English Language, SPM, tertiary institution

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iLEC 2015: Language, Education and Research: Upholding The Fundamentals, Embracing The Cutting Edge

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC SECONDARY

GARDNERS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY AMONG

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of

THE EFFECT OF FIGURATIVE MEANINGS ON

THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH COPULA BE BY MALAY

Nur Hidayatulshima Omar, Mohd Khairulfaidz Shamsudin,

Keywords: copula, transfer, interference, acquisition

BARRIERS IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS OF

FOSTERING UNITY AND IMPROVING CREATIVITY NEW

INVESTIGATION ON THE AWARENESS, ATTITUDE, AND

This paper attempts to seek understanding of how far do Muslim educators

DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN

PHILOSOPHY AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF

Kamaruzaman Yusoff, Mansoureh Ebrahimi, Omer Yilmaz

Education has a dramatic role to give a platform to succeed as well as the

HOLISTIC AND ENTREPRENEUR ATTRIBUTES IN

CONVERSION TO ISLAM CEREMONY INTERVIEW:

THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION TASKS ON

Keywords: communication tasks; learner oral output; Language Related

AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOCIOCULTURAL INSTRUCTIONAL DISCOURSE

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of an instructional

PERFORMANCE OF THE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS AND

IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM MENACE ON ARABIC

Arabic Education is as old as the advent of modern Education system in Nigeria.

DECISION-MAKING, LEGITIMATION, AND POWER IN HOT

UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING: ITS IMPACT FOR

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS AND JOB

STAKEHOLDERS' ATTITUDE ON PLAY BASED APPROACH

CHALLENGES OF SCHOOL COUNSELLORS IN

The paper sees multicultural counselling as a helping relationship, which

EFFECTS OF MOTHER TONGUE AS MEDIUM OF

Human Resource Development (HRD) is an important topic of present time with

THE PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN

BRIDGING PERFORMANCE GAP THROUGH COGNITIVE

PREDICTOR OF RESPONSIBLE ENGAGEMENT IN THE

for responsible engagement in the learning about the nano-scale materials

A TRACER STUDY ON THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN

FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF MUET-PREPARATORY

for a semi-structured interview to gauge their preferences and response to the

THE USE OF INTERPERSONAL STYLE IN STUDY GUIDES

THE USE OF GRAMMATICAL COHESIVE DEVICES IN

Cohesion is very important aspect as it acts as an assistant tool to achieve

randomly to be analysed. The researcher employed content analysis to identify

SPEECH ACT POLITENESS WITH BURDEN MINIMIZING

Politeness of speech act in Minangkabau is important to study because it is

FSKM STUDENTS' METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN

This paper attempts to investigate part 2 students of Diploma in Actuarial

SHIFTING THE SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN WORD

FLIPPING IT IN USIM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF

Flipped classrooms/lessons, easily said, are the opposite of traditional

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE COLLABORATION IN

DEVELOPING HOTS (HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS)

LECTURERS ATTITUDES ON THE USE OF HUMOUR IN

Of all topics concerning classroom instruction, the use of humour seems to be

THE USE OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE

Although listening skill is crucial in the development of ones proficiency in any

STUDENT'S SATISFACTION ON WRITING A CREATIVE

Creative writing skill is one of an important aspects of academic performance as

AN INVESTIGATION OF PERCEPTION OF SPEECH ACT OF

DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEM COURSE TUTORS ICT

The study examined the relationship between Distance Learning System

USING SCHOOLOGY TO IMPROVE ESL STUDENTS'