Math 10

First Exam

Instructions: Show complete answers to the following questions in your bluebook. An answer
without a solution, even if correct, will get little or no credit. The total is 100 points. A problem
which has the word "prove" means that you must provide a general proof. Please turn off your
C E L L PHONE before the exam. Please write your F U L L NAME on the front of your
bluebook.
1. (2 points each: 10 points total) Give complete definitions of the following terms. Only minor
mistakes will be acceptable to still get 2 points, otherwise 0 points.
a. the Span of a set of vectors S = { v . . . , v }
l 5

b. a linearly independent set of vectors 5 = { v i , . . . , v }

k

c. a subspace Wof K".

d. a basis for a subspace Wof R.
e. the dimension of a subspace W of R".
2. (2 points each: 10 points total) Indicate i f the statement is True or False, and give a brief
explanation why. Answer and reasoning must both be correct to get 2 points, otherwise, 0 points.
a. I f 5" = { v i , V2, V3 } is a set of three non-zero vectors from K , then Span(S) is all of K .
3

b. Suppose that a subspace W has dimension 6. Then a set of 10 vectors from W is

automatically linearly dependent.
c. I f S = { v i , v , V 3 , V 4 , v } is a linearly dependent set, then two of these five vectors must be
parallel to each other.
2

d. I f Wis a 5-dimensional subspace of OS , then W is also 5-dimensional.

8

e. If .4 is a 6 x 10 matrix, and its rank is 4, then its nullity is 2.

3. PROOFS: Give a complete and convincing proof for each of the following. You may assume the
11 Axioms in Chapter Zero as well as any Theorems proven in the TEXT (NOT in the Exercises),
as well as the closure properties for integers and definitions for even and odd numbers:
a. (6 points) Prove that for all a, b e Z : if a b is even, then either a is even or b is even. Hint:
start by stating what strategy you will be using.
b. (4 points) Prove that for all v G R", 0 v = 0.
c. (4 points) Prove that for all k e OS, k 0 = 0.
d. (10 points) Prove that for all k e K, and for all v e 1 " :
kv = 0 if and only if = 0 o r v = 0.
You are free to use (b) and (c), even if you did not do them, in your proof for (d).
T H E R E IS A B A C K P A G E .

4. (14 points) Let S= {(-2,-3,1,0,4),(4.6,-2,0,-8),(-4,3,-5,6,-2)} and let W = Span{S).

Using only ONE matrix and its rref:
a. Find a basis for W consisting of vectors with integer coordinates.
L

b. Find a basis for ^consisting of vectors with integer coordinates.

c. State the Dimension Theorem (in full) for any pair of subspaces W and W < K", and verify
it for this example.
L

d. Without any further computations, decide i f S is linearly dependent or independent, and

explain your reasoning.
NOTE: You can get full credit i f you use two matrices instead of one (assuming you get
correct answers) but you will be wasting your time. :
5. (14 points) Find a vector equation for the line which passes through the point (4,-3,2) and is
orthogonal to the line with vector equation:
(x,j,z) = (2,7,-4) + f ( 3 , - l , 6 ) ,
and find the point where the two lines intersect.
6. (14 points) Suppose you were told that u and v are two vectors from some R", and ||u|| = 13,
\\3u-2v\\ 76709, and ||2a + 5v|| = ^18,661. Find z/<>? and ||v||.
7. (14 points) Assisted computation: You are given that the rref of the augmented matrix:
-4

5-3

[A\b] =

-10

14

-8

-9

-19

-5

-17 -15 -21

| -1

-5

-2

I -7

12

22

is

1 0 6 0 -2

| 3

0 1 7 3

| 2

0 0 0 0

| 0

0 0 0 0

10

(reminder: A consists of the first 5 columns, and b is the 6th column). This computation is already
DONE for you. The objective of this problem is to answer the following with very FEW
calculations, if any.
a. Find a basis for the rowspace oL4.
b. Find a basis for the columnspace of A.
c. Express the non-basis columns of A as linear combinations of your basis vectors in (b).
d. Find a basis for the nullspace of A.
e. State the Dimension Theorem (in full!) for ANY arbitrary matrix, and THEN verify it for A
above (in doing so, specify the dimensions of the subspaces involved).
f. Decide whether or not the system Ax = b is consistent. If it is consistent, express all solutions
in the form x + Xh, where x is a particular solution, and Xf, is a member of the nullspace of
A.
p

Math 10

Second Examination

Instructions: Show complete solutions to the following problems in your bluebook. A n answer
without a solution will get little or no credit. Do not write your answers on this sheet. The total
is 100 points.
1. (2 points each) Definitions. Give a precise definition for the following terms:
a . A linear transformation T : R" -+ R .
m

b. The kernel of T.
C. The range of T.
d. A one-to-one linear transformation. (Note: we want a Definition, not a Theorem)
e. An onto linear transformation.
f. An elementary matrix.
DID YOU TURN OFF YOUR CELL

PHONE???

2. (2 points each) True or False. Decide whether each statement is true or false, and write a brief
explanation. You are free to use any Theorem we saw, or you may provide a counterexample.
Answer and reason must bom be correct to get 2 points, otherwise the score is 0.
a . I f r : I R - R . i s a linear transformation, then T i s not onto.
4

b. I f T:

- K is a linear transformation, then J must be onto.

3

C. If T : fl& - IR is a linear transformation and rank(r)

9

= 2, then nullity(r) = 3.

d. I f 7 ' : I R L - - I R i s a linear operator, and Tis not one-to-one, then T i s also not onto.
5

3. (10 points) Let T : K" - R and T : & -> & be linear transformations. Show mat if T T
is onto, then Tt is also onto. Reminder: you must give a complete proof. If your proof relies on
other statements, you must prove these other statements as well. Bonus hint: you can do this
directly, without using other theorems, just definitions.
x

4. (10 points) Let T:

- K
be a one-to-one linear transformation, and suppose
S = {vi,V2,...,Vfc}
a linearly independent set of vectors from 1".
Prove that
{T(y\), r ( v ) , . . . , T(yk)} is also a linearly independent set.
m

5. (12 points) Find the matrix of the linear transformations projn and refln that give the projection
onto and the reflection across the plane n : 5x - 3y + 8z = 0. Draw a diagram to explain your
work and give a detailed solution (you are not allowed to use ready-made formulas mat were
found in the Exercises).
T H E R E IS A B A C K P A G E !

z ^ ^
3

6. Let A =

4.-2

-5

-7

-3

5
D

-5

-3

C =

- 2 -3
3

-2

4
7-1

, and

Compute the following, if possible:

a. (3 points) 5A - 3 C
b. (3 points) A S
C. (3 points) BA
d. (5 points) p(D), where X * ) = 4x - 5x - Tx + 3
3

7. (4 points ) Show the effect on the basic box produced by

-2 3
3

. Show what happens to the

letter "R" inside this box.

8. (10 points) Suppose that T: IR -> OS , and you are told that r - 3 , 5 = (-2,6,4) and
r 5 , - 8 = (-2,1,-5). Find7I<8,-3.
2

9. (2 points per item) Let T : IR -* R b e a linear transformation such that:

4

15

-2

-12

25

-1

-4

-20

29

[T] =

15
, and the rref of [T] is

0-2

0 0 1

0 0 0

a . Find a basis for ker{T).

b. Find a basis for range(T).
C. Is T one-to-one? Explain.
d. Is T onto? Explain.
e. State the Dimension Theorem in general and verify it for T.
2
10. LetA =

0-3

-5

-2

a. (5 points) Find A . List down the row operations that you used. Fractions will appear, so do
not be alarmed.
1

b. (5 points) Express A as the product of elementary matrices. You do not have to check that
your factorization is correct. I will be looking for correct ideas.

Third Examination

Math 10

Instructions: Show complete solutions to the following problems on your blue book. Do not use
your own paper or scratch paper. An answer without a solution, even if correct, will get little or
no credit. Disregarding instructions will result in points being deducted. The total is 100 points.
1. ( 1 2 points total) Write one or two COMPLETE SENTENCES responding to the following
definitions/questions:
a. (3 points) If S is a set of vectors from V, what is Span(S)l Discuss also the case when S is an
infinite set
b. (3 points) If S is a set of vectors from V, what does it mean for S to be linearly independent?
Discuss also the case when S is an infinite set.
c. (2 points) I f V is a vector space, what is a subspace WofV7
d. (2 points) What is a basis B for a vector space V7
e. (2 points) I f Fand Ware vector spaces, what is a linear transformation T : V -> Wl
2. ( 1 1 points) Let (K,,) be defined by:

TV\> f A J l ^ V S <

Mat(2,2)\x

with vector addition and scalar multiplication defined by:

1

1 y

lex

1 X

kQ
1

i
o

(matrix multiplication), and

(NOT scalar multiplication of matrices)

Decide which of all of the 1 0 axioms for a vector space are valid, then make a summary decision
if V is a vector space or not. The axioms are:
1. closure o f 2. closure of 3. commutativity o f 4. associativity o f
5. existence of OK 6. existence of - v 7. & O (U v) =
%.{k + l)Qu

= kQu

lQu9.

kQ(lQu)

kOukQv

= (Id) Qu 10. iQu

=u

REMINDER: Even if an Axiom fails, you must still check the rest of the Axioms.
3. ( 1 0 points) Suppose that (F ,,) is a vector space. Give a complete proof of the Zero-Factors
Theorem: For all k e OS and all v e V : kv - 0K if and only if k = 0 or v = 0K-

4. ( 1 0 points) Suppose that T\ V' -> U and T : U - fi^are linear transformations of vector spaces.
If 72 T\s one-to-one, prove that T\s also one-to-one.
2

THERE IS A BACK PAGE!

5. (11 points) Let V = I P , the set of polynomials of degree at most 3, and:

3

W = {p(x)\p(3)

= 2p(-l)

and / r ' ( l ) =

3p(2)}.

a. Show that Wis a subspace of V.

b. Find a basis for W containing polynomials with only integer coefficients, and state the
dimension of W.
6. (10 points) Decide whether or not the set of functions S= {cos (x),cos(2x),7r} is linearly
dependent or independent. Defend your decision.
2

7. (12 points) LetS = {1 - x , l +x> mdB' = {1,1 - x , 1 + x } .

2

a. Explain why B is a basis for IP and B is a basis for IP .

1

b. Suppose that T : IP -+ IP is given by:

1

ITW=

-10

-10 25
6

-15

Compute 7(5x - 4). Hint/warning: B and B are NOT the standard bases for IP and P .
1

c. Find a basis for ker(F) and for range(T).

d. Is T one-to-one? Is T onto?
e. State the Dimension Theorem in general, and verify it for T.
8. (12 points) Find a function/(x) which is a solution to the differential equation:
4 / ( x ) - 7/(x) = 5e" cos(3x) - 9e'
7x

lx

sin(3x).

9. (12 points) Let T : P -+ IP be given by:

2

r(p(x)) = 3y(x) + p(0)(x -5).

2

a. Warm-up: Compute 7(7 - 2x + 4x ).

3

b. Explain in general why T(p(x))

e P for any p(x) e P .

2

c. Show that T is indeed a linear transformation.

d. Let B = { l , x , x , x } and B' = { l , x , x } , the standard bases for
Find
[T] ,.
2

and P , respectively.
2

BiB

e. Check that your answer to (d) is correct by re-computing (a) using your answer to (d).
f. Fill in the blank: T cannot be

Fourth Examination

Math 10

Instructions: Show complete solutions to the following problems. An answer without a solution
will get little or no credit. Do not write your answers on this sheet Keep it after the
examination. The total is 100 points.
1. (5 points each) In a short paragraph, discuss:
a. the terms: eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and eigenspaces for a square matrix A. This paragraph
should specifically address the role of the zero vector.
b. the concept of diagonalizabihty, mentioning the definition and relevant theorem/s.
2. Suppose mat A and B are any nun matrices. Prove the following statements:
G
a. (% points) The characteristic polynomial of A is the same as that of A .
T

3
b. ( points) If v is an eigenvector for an invertible matrix A with corresponding eigenvalue X,
then v is also an eigenvector for A for all positive integers k. What is the corresponding
eigenvalue?
k

c. (10 points) Suppose A is a 7 x 7 matrix, { v i , v } is a basis for Eig(/1,3), { v , V 4 , v } is a

basis for Eig(4,7), and {v$,v } is a basis for Eig(^4,-2). Prove that the set
{ v i , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 , V 6 , V 7 } is linearly independent.
2

3. (10 points) Let a = (5,7,10,6,2,8,1,4,9,3).

a. Find the number of inversions of a. List all of them.
b. Find a' . How many inversions should it have? Do not list them!
1

4. (5 points) Suppose that we have the matrix:

0
0

0 7

-3 0 0

4 0

-2

0 0

Apply the determinant formula directly in order to compute det(4). There should be only one
term: find this term, the permutation that produced this term, and whether the permutation is even
or odd, as part of your solution to find det(4). DO NOT use row operations or cofactor
expansion.
THERE IS A BACK PAGE!

5. (10 points) Use any method or combination of methods that you wish in order to compute the
following determinant:
3

2 - 4 2

-5

-8

1 - 3 2 3
-4

5-2

6. (10 points) Suppose you were told that the determinant of the matrix A given below on the left is
-15. Find the determinant of the matrix B on the right:
d\

b\

bi

3a +5ci

3a +5c

3a +5e
3

B =
c

lc\-lb\ -2b

7c -26
3

7. (10 points) Decide whether or not the following matrix is diagonalizable, and give a brief
explanation as to how you obtained your decision. Note/Hint: You are not being asked to actually
diagonalize the matrix. You are only being asked to determine whether or not it is diagonalizable.
4

-7

-6

22

18 -66 -33 -7
8. (20 points) Consider the matrix:

A =

-70

-9

18

72

11

-18

-216 -27

56

a. Diagonalize A. You must provide the invertible matrix C, and the diagonal matrix D, as well
as C" . The correct characteristic polynomial is:
1

p(X) = A + 3X - 24A + 28.

3

You are still expected to show ah the steps to get p[X) correctly. You are given this answer
so that you will not be wastingtimeon the wrong polynomial.
b. Use (a) to compute A .
6

Fifth Exam

Math 10

Instructions: Show complete solutions to the following problems on your bluebooks. A n answer
without a solution, even if correct, will get little or no credit. The total is 100 points.

T U R N O F F Y O U R C E L L PHONE!!!
1. (55 points total) Consider the bilinear form on IP :
2

(p(x) | q(x) ) = p(-l )q{-\)

+p{\)q{\)

+p(2)q(2).

a . (6 points) Show that this bilinear form is symmetric, additive and homogeneous.
b. (4 points) Prove that this bilinear form has the positivity property.
C. (4 points) Explain why this bilinear form is not an inner product on P . You may want to
provide a counterexample of some kind.
3

d. (6 points) Find the exact cosine and the approximate value (in radians) of the angle 6 between
3 + 2x - 4x and 2 + 5x with respect to this inner product.
2

>

. (10 points) Let W - Span({3 +2x-4x }).

Find a basis for W consisting of polynomials
with integer coefficients without using the Gram-Schmidt Algorithm. Hint: you can use part
of your work from (d).
2

) f. (10 points) Find an orthonormal basis for IP using the set {x ,x, 1} as input to the
Gram-Schmidt Algorithm.
2

C ^ g . (2 points) Let U = Span({x })

Find an orthonormal basis for U
computations using your answer in (f).
2

without any further

~4) h. (8 points) Let p(x) = 3x -7x + 9. Find (p(x) ) , where B is the orthonormal basis mat you
found in (f).
2

^4yi. (5 points) Find the orthogonal decomposition of p(x) with respect to U, where U is the
subspace in (g) and p(x) is the polynomial in (h).
T H E R E IS A B A C K PAGE!!!

2.

(10 points) Suppose that V is a vector space and T : V ~* R" is an one-to-one linear
transformation. Prove that the bilinear form:
<u$) =

T(u)oT(y).

is an inner product on V. The 4 Axioms are mentioned in Problem 1, parts a and b. (If you decide
to use a homework problem to prove this, you will need to prove this homework problem as well.
Hint: You can prove this problem D I R E C T L Y . )
3.

(10 points) Prove that iff(x) is a continuous function on [0,1 ], then:

For your proof to be complete, state any Theorem/s mat you are using and how you are using
it/them, such as, stating a space and an inner product that you are working with. D O NOT try to
directly prove this inequality.
4. (25 points total) Let Sbe the basis for OS (under the ordinary dot product) given by:
4

5 ={<1,0,-1, !>,<-!, 1,0,2), < - l , l , ^ l , 2 > , < l , 2 , 0 , - l .

a. (10 points) Use the Gram-Schmidt Algorithm with input S to find an orthonormal basis for
R.
4

b. (7 points) Let W= Span({{\,0,-l,M),{-\,

1,0,2)}). Notice that these are the first two
vectors in S. Find the matrix ofprojw : R* -* R .
_^
4

____

-t^?

C. (4 points) Find the orthogonal decompositioii of the vector b = (3,2, - 1 , 5 ) with respect to W
and W . C H E C K your answer (in writing) with the dot product!
x

d. (4 points) State the Dimension Theorem for Orthogonal Complements. Find the dimension of
W for the particular W in this problem, and find a basis for W with integer entries, (it
doesn't have to be an orthonormal basis)
.
,
x