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SEPARATION PROCESSES
CN3132 is a core chemical engineering module to introduce design concepts of
industrially relevant separation processes
Prerequisite: CN 1111, CN2125
S Farooq
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
Office: E5-02-26
Phone: 6516 6545
Email: chesf@nus.edu.sg
Flippedclassroom
We will adopt flipped classroom approach. Detailed
lectureswillbeuploadedasonlinevideos.Youmustview
thevideosbeforecomingtotheclass.
In the class, the focus will be more on key concepts and
designissues.
More time will be spent on illustrations through solving
problems.
Youwillberequiredtoactivelyparticipate.
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-2
Topicstobecoveredinthisvideo
Compulsory reading: Chapter 1 from the text book
Why study separation?
About the module
Learning objectives
Expected outcomes
Course content and mode of delivery
Text book and supporting materials
Schedules
Mechanism of mass transfer
Equilibrium design method
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-3
Importanceofseparation
5090%ofthecapitalinvestedinachemicalplantgoestoseparationequipment
Atypicalchemicalplant
Undesirableimpuritiesremovedfromtherawmaterialbeforereaction
Separationofproductfromunreactedfeedforrecycling
Furtherpurificationofproduct(s)tomeetthecustomerspecification
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-4
Processflowdiagramofformaldehydemanufacturefrommethanol
DISTILLATION
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-5
Productionofpetroleum/petrochemicalproductsfromcrudeoilinarefinery
Watch the video at the following location to know more about various products from a refinery distillation column:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=c2XV0Qk7PEU
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-6
Penicillinproduction(Biotechnology)
Environmentalprotection(H2SRemoval)
Canyouidentifytheseparators?
Whatarethemostcommonseparators?
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-7
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-8
Technicalvs.UseMaturitiesofSeparationProcesses
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-9
Learningobjectives
Pre-requisites: Equilibrium and mass balance concepts introduced in
CN 1111 and CN2125
Thestudentswilllearnthedesignandoperationofstandardequilibriumstage
separationprocessesusedinthechemicalindustries
ExpectedOutcomes
At the end of the course the students are expected to
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-10
Coursecontent
Date
90minutelecture (Monday)
10August
13August
15August
Holiday
17August
MulticomponentFlash/
BinaryMultistage
distillation
BinaryMultistage
Distillation
Absorption
Absorption/
Extraction(immiscible
system)
Extraction(misciblesystem)
Multicomponentdistillation
20August
24August
27August
31August
3Sept
7Sept
10Sept
14Sept
17Sept
28Sept
1Oct
45minutelecture (Thursday)
BinaryFlashDistillation
Watchuploadedvideo
lecturebeforetheface
tofacelecture
Yes
Yes
Comment
Makeupforthelecture
lostonAugust10
Venue:LT5
Time:11amto1pm
Topic:BinaryFlash
Distillation
BinaryMultistageDistillation
BinaryMultistageDistillation
Absorption
Extraction
Extraction(misciblesystem)
Midtermtest
Yes
Yes
Time:8:45amto9:45am
Venuetobeannounced
later
NOTE:LecturetimehasnotbeenassignedforthetopicColumndesign.Recordedlecturewillbeuploadedtocoverthistopic.
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-11
Dr Dan Zhao will take over after October 1 and cover the following topics
Rate Based Design of Continuous Contact Processes
Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer
Adsorption Processes
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-12
Coursematerials
1. Wankat, P.C., Separation Process Engineering, Prentice Hall, 3nd Edition (2012)
Philip C. Wankat
2nd Edition
3rd Edition
Course Notes
Every student must have a text book and read the relevant chapters. Course notes should only be used as
complimentary materials - not a substitute for the text book.
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-13
Assessment
Home work every week
Final examination
(Open book: Text book and lecture notes)
2.5 hours
Compulsory questions
Final mark = 20% CA (S. Farooqs part) + 20% CA (Dr. Zhaos part)
+ 60% Final examination
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-14
Schedulesforlectures,tutorials,consultationandclasstests
Lectures
Venues: LT6:
Monday: 9 am 10:45 am
Thursday: 9 am 9:45 am
20 lectures over 7 weeks
3 lectures per week
Test
Test date
Tutorials
1 tutorial per group per week
Oct 1, 2015
Topics to be
covered
All the topics
Venue: TBA
Time: 8:45 am to 9:30 am
Consultation
Wednesdays from 5 pm 7 pm in my office (E5-02-26)
no appointment necessary
By email
By appointment on other days
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-15
Mechanismofdiffusionalmasstransfer
Test your intuition (Assumption: Solubility of air in water is negligible compared to CO2)
Air + CO2
Air + CO2
Air +
depleted
CO2
Water
Air +
depleted
CO2
Water
Air + CO2
Air +
depleted
CO2
Glass
bead
Air
bubble
Essential features?
There should be at least two phases.
Separation takes place through inter-phase mass transfer
Mass Transfer is at the molecular scale. There is no visible bulk movement as a result of mass transfer.
Inter-phase mass transfer is affected by
- Phase equilibrium (Thermodynamics) Driving Force
- Interfacial area available for phase contact
- Molecular diffusion (Mass Transfer)
Rate of Mass Transfer
- Mixing/ Convection (Fluid Mechanics)
- Contact time
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-16
Contactingofphases
Direct contact vs. Phases Separated by a Membrane
Direct contact is most common
Phase combination
Vapor-Liquid
Gas Liquid
Gas Solid
Liquid Liquid
Liquid Solid
Example
Distillation
Absorption
Adsorption
Extraction
Leaching,
Adsorption
Packed Tower
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-17
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-18
Equilibriumdesignmethod
There are two main design concepts for mass transfer processes:
Equilibrium stage
Rate based (To be covered by Dr. Dan Zhao)
We illustrate the concept with a tray tower for a clear physical understanding
Liquid
flow
Lin
Vout
IDEAL STAGE
Perforated
tray
Rising
vapor/gas
Lout
Vin
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-19
Empirical plots are available for stage efficiency calculations. Design companies use in-house data
Column height is related to the actual number of trays
Column diameter depends on required processing rate and maximum allowable velocity
Material balances determine the quantity of the different streams required
There are maximum allowable velocity limits based on hydrodynamic considerations
Problem-solving methods: Usefulness of the discussion in section 1.4 goes beyond this module.
Farooq/CN3132/Introduction-20