PowerPoint Presentation

Chapter 1
Internal Combustion Engines
Engine Classification Small Engine
Development Energy Conservation
Principles Small Engine History

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Competencies
Explain the classification small engine and discuss the
main small engine types.
Describe types of cylinder design and cooling systems.
Explain small engine development history.
Explain energy conversion principles that apply to small
engines.
Explain heat transfer.
List the common energy conversion calculations.
Explain the chemistry of fuel combustion in small engines.
Describe the small engine industry.

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Small Engines
internal combustion engine
converts heat energy from the
combustion of fuel into mechanical energy
rated up to 25 horsepower (HP)
spark ignition or compression
four-stroke or two-stroke cycle

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Engine Design
one, two, or four cylinders
cylinder orientation

vertical, horizontal, or slanted

cylinder configuration

V, horizontally-opposed, or in-line

air-cooled or liquid-cooled

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Development History
gunpowder engine
steam engine
coal gas
internal
combustion
gasoline power
diesel engine

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Energy Conversion Principles

small engines convert potential energy
into kinetic energy
all internal combustion engines operate
utilizing basic principles of heat, force,
pressure, torque, work, power, and
chemistry

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Heat Transfer
conduction is heat transfer from atom to
atom via molecules in direct contact
convection is heat transfer by currents in
a fluid
radiation is heat transfer that occurs as
radiant energy without a material carrier

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Energy Conversion
Calculations
temperature is the intensity of heat

C = (F 32) 1.8
F = (1.8 C) + 32

pressure is a force acting on a unit of

area

pressure = force area

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Energy Conversion
Calculations
torque is a force acting on a
perpendicular radial distance from a
point of rotation

torque = force radius

work is the movement of an object by a

constant force

work = force distance

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Energy Conversion
Calculations
power is the rate at which work is done

power = work time

horsepower (HP) is a measure of power

equal to 76 watts or 33,000 lb-ft per min

HP = work (time 33,000)

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Combustion Chemistry
combining of hydrocarbon fuel with
oxygen
a chemical reaction between the
hydrocarbon molecule and atmospheric
oxygen combining at ignition
temperature causes an exchange of
elements that releases heat energy

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Small Engine Industry

outdoor power
equipment
manufacturers
service
technicians
Briggs & Stratton
MST program

Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Chapter 1 Review
In a typical small engine, approximately
what percent of the energy released is
converted into useful work?

Approximately 30% of the energy is converted

into useful work.

What is horsepower?

Horsepower is a unit of power equal to 33,000

lb-ft per min.