Water Level Sensor (Buzzer)

INTRODUCTION

Water level, stage, or flow can be measured with many types of

sensors, pressure transducer, bubblers, shaft encoders, or ultrasonic
sensors. The location where you are measuring water level, the accuracy
required, and the ease of installation all contribute to determining the best
water level sensor for your measurement site. Our robust ranges of liquid
level sensors are perfect for both long and short term water level
monitoring.
Level Sensor is a measuring transducer that converts the level
measurement of liquids or bulk materials into mechanical, electrical, or
pneumatic signals that can be conveniently transmitted, processed and
recorded. They can be classified as sensors for liquids or for bulk materials,
depending on their purpose, and as float, hydrostatic, electric, acoustic,
thermal, nuclear, or optical sensors, depending on their operating principle.
Level sensors detect the level of substances that flow including liquids,
granular materials and powders. Fluids and Fluidized solids flow to become

essentially level in their containers because of gravity whereas most bulk

solid pile at an angle response to a peak. There are many physical and
application variables that affect the selection of the optimal level monitoring
method for industrial and commercial purposes. The selection criteria
include the physical: phase (liquid, solid, slurry), temperature, pressure or
vacuum, chemistry, dielectric constant of medium, density (specific gravity)
of medium, agitation, acoustical or electrical noise, vibration, mechanical
shock, tank or bin size and shape. Also important application contains
price, accuracy, appearances, response rate, ease of calibration or
programming, physical size and mounting of the instrument, monitoring or
control of the continuous or discrete levels. The Water Level Sensor
module is part of the Grove System. It indicates whether the sensor is dry,
damp or completely immersed in water by measuring conductivity. The
sensor traces have a weak pull-up resistor of 1M . The resistor will pull
the sensor trace to a value high until a drop of water shorts the sensor
trace to the ground trace. Believe it or not this circuit will work with the
digital I/O pins of your Arduino or you can use it with the analog pins to
detect the amount of water included contact between the ground and
sensor traces. Integral process control in many industries, level
measurement sensors fall into two many types. Point level measurement

sensors are used to mark a single discrete liquid height a preset level
condition.
Generally, his type of sensor functions as a high intense of alarm,
signaling an overfill condition, or as a marker for alarm condition.
Continuous level sensors are more sophisticated and can provide level
monitoring of an entire system. They measure fluid level within a range,
rather than at a one point, producing an analog output that directly
correlates to the level in the vessel. To create a level management system,
the output signal is linked to a process control loop and to a visual indicator.
A variety of sensors are available for point level detection of solids. These
including vibrating, rotating paddle, mechanical system (diaphragm),
microwave (radar) capacitance, optical, pulsed-ultrasonic and ultrasonic
level sensors.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our group would like to give our gratitude for the people who helped
us accomplished this project.
First of all, we would like to give our greatest gratitude to God who we
know is always there to help us in our problems and always guiding us to
his plans.
To our professor Engr. Sally Corpus for teaching us something new in
our college life, for guiding us in making a better student. Building our
confidence and imaginations in building new thing and teaching us to act
like a real engineer.

Also to Engr. Noel Yap for being one of our helping hand. For
answering our questions on how the circuit would work and for the
confusion of having many ground points which is new in our perception.
Although we know what should be done it is good that we have asked him
for his advice and opinions about the project.
To our loving parents who gave us a never ending support and for the
expenses that were used to buy the equipments needed to build the circuit.
Also we would like to give thanks for every member of this group that
give their very best to accomplish this project may it be a great experience
for each and every one of us today and for the upcoming years.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I.

TITLE PAGE 1

II.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...6

III.

TABLE OF CONTENTS3

IV.

OBJECTIVE4

V.

SUMMARY OF PROJECT DESIGN5

VI.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

VII.

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK..

A. Wiring Diagram Description

VIII. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. Parts List..16
B. Circuit Description..18
C. Schematic Diagram..19
IX.

PROJECT APPLICATIONS TO
COMMUNITY........................................20

X.

RECOMMENDATION..21

XI.

CONCLUSION..23

XII.

APPENDICES
A. Summary of Group Performance Evaluation
B. Pictures at work with descriptions

XIII. LIST OF FIGURES

XIV. POFILES

OBJECTIVES
Students will be able to:
Make a Water Level Sensor

 Learn how to design a circuit

Learn how to etch the PCB
Learn how to connect the components needed
Learn how to troubleshoot before finishing touch
Think and act like a true Engineers.

SUMMARY OF PROJECT DESIGN

SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW

TOP VIEW

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Level sensors - detect the level of substances that flow,

including liquids, slurries, granular materials, and powders. Fluids and
fluidized solids flow to become essentially level in their containers (or other

physical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulk solids pile at an

angle of repose to a peak.
Buzzer -

or beeper is

an audio signaling

device,

which

may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers

and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input
such as a mouse click or keystroke.
Battery - which is actually an electric cell, is a device that produces
electricity from a chemical reaction. Strictly speaking, a battery consists of
two or more cells connected in series or parallel, but the term is generally
used for a single cell.

Etching - the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the
unprotected parts of metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal
(the original processin modern manufacturing other chemicals may be
used on other types of material).
PCB (Printed Circuit Board) - used to mechanically support and
electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways,
tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a nonconductive substrate

LED (light-emitting diode) - a semiconductor light source. LEDs are

used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used
for general lighting.
Capacitor - (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two
terminal electrical component used to store energy electro- statically in
an electric field.
Resistor - a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

Transistor - is a semiconductor device used to amplify

and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed
of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.
Diode - a two-terminal electronic component with
asymmetric conductance, it has low (ideally zero) resistance to current flow
in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other.
Integrated circuit - or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to
as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small
plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made
much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent components.

Fiberglass - a lightweight, extremely strong, and robust material.

Although strength properties are somewhat lower than fiber and it is less
stiff, the material is typically far less brittle, and the raw materials are much
less expensive.

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A. Wiring Diagram

POWER SUPPLY

9 V DC

SENSOR

CIRCUIT

WATER

OUTPUT

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A. Parts Lists
QUANTITY

COMPONENT

Buzzer

2 PCB Pins

10uF/50 V

0.1uF

Red LED

BC547

100k

5.6k

4.7k

1k

Sensor PCB

2 Wires

B. Circuit Description
This circuit is composed of 2 capacitors, 4 resistors, 2 transistors and
1 Light Emitting Diode. The input for this circuit is a 9V DC battery, while
the output for the circuit is the buzzer that will be triggered by the time
when the water or the liquid substance has touch or makes contact with the
sensor.
By having the LED, it also tell that the water has already reached the
level limit if whenever the buzzer cant be heard by an individual the light
itself shall flicker and give the signal to the people in the area of the
process.

Miscellaneous:

 Input- 9 VDC @ 40 mA
Output- Buzzer
Terminal pins for supply voltage
Power-On LED indicator
Four mounting holes of 3.2 mm each
PCB dimensions 32 mm x 35 mm

Optional:
Digital Display
Optional Switch
Voltage Regulator
Housing

C. Schematic Diagram

APPLICATION TO COMMUNITY

Global warming has born an adverse effect to worldwide climate. This

climate change resulted to massive flood due to tumultuous outburst of rain
brought by typhoon and southwest monsoon in some regions of the
country.
The disaster has been prevailing over the years that cause damage
to properties and lives. Various measures had been applied and
implemented to lessen or resolve its risk. At these modern times, with the
advent of technology, great inventions can conquer this problem at any
rate. As our group contribution to the community, we have made the water
sensory device. This device could be of great help to people in monitoring
the water level whenever heavy rain occurs especially in low lying areas or
residences nearby the river. The significance of this tool is that, it can be
easily assemble and the needed materials are bought in its affordable
price. Another remarkable advantage of this device is that it can be utilized
in far flung areas where electricity is not available because it can be
operated using a dry cell or battery. Moreover, it warns the people when
water level rises because it alarms quickly. It can be installed anywhere in
your area or household at the same time. This device is an environmental
friendly and economically wise.

RECOMMENDATION
In doing this project, first we recommend that once you have the PCB
layout or PCB design, it must be both verified and tested. We also
recommend checking the effectiveness of every component because any
problem in the components will cause delay in the project making and will
spend lots of money for the new component. Testing is the real-world
counterpart to verification, checking the circuit really does do what it was
designed to.

We also recommend to consider the type of source you are going to

use, either AC or DC. Based on the source or power, there is an
appropriate wire to be used. Check with your local hardware store for more
information on what wires to use. This is to mainly void power loss during
the transmission of electricity.
When you have the kit needed in this project, we recommend to
double check the polarity of every component because sometimes the
polarity indicated in the kit is wrong. If unable to do so, this will cause the
maker to check for the problem manually and this will be a waste of time.
Before soldering the components, we recommend to check for the
connections two or more times to avoid short connections. Improper
connections might cause the component to be busted. Lastly, in the
transmitter used, always check the positions of the emitter, base and
collector because this is the common problem encounter in the circuit.

CONCLUSION
After making this project, we have concluded that level sensors are
important in observing water level. The projects advantages are it is
inexpensive, the material are easily accessible and it is easy to build.
Creating the project takes time and effort, so it must be planned
carefully. Paying attention to the wiring and assembling is significant in
order for the project to work properly.
The project is important and applicable for water bodies such as
lakes and rivers. This project can be of high use especially in stormy
weathers.