range of projects utilizing architectural precast

concrete. During the conceptual stage the designer

must consider the cost implications of material selections,
textures, surface geometries, cross-sections, piece
sizes, unit repetition, and erection methods. The variations
in scope, complexity, and detailing make it difficult
to provide accurate cost information for a project
in terms of price per square foot (m2) of wall area prior
to completion of the design concept.
After a design has advanced to the schematic stage,
and the general shapes, colors, and finishes have
been defined, more accurate cost estimates can be
provided. Until this stage is reached, architects are
encouraged to seek the advice of precasters and
consultants. Selected guidelines regarding cost of
architectural precast concrete are included in this chapter
for further assistance.
The architect who desires a more detailed understanding
of the cost factors involved in precast concrete
construction is advised to study both Surface
Aesthetics in Chapter 3 and Design in Chapter 4.
Many of the recommendations in these chapters are, in
the final analysis, based upon considerations of economy.
Chapter 6, dealing with Guide Specifications,
will highlight the items that should be included in the
specifications in order to define the optimum quality
for a specific project. This in turn should
help in obtaining accurate proposals from
potential bidders.
The nature of precast concrete is such
that nearly anything that can be drawn,
structurally designed, and readily transported
can be constructed. To do this
within reasonable and stated cost limits
requires careful consideration of design
and detailing. Several cost factors influencing
architectural precast concrete are
interdependent on each other. For example, a cost-efficient
sculptured or intricate design may be achieved
within a limited budget by selecting economical concrete
mixtures and finishes combined with repetitive
units and efficient production and erection details.
The small college library shown in Fig. 2.1.1 is clad in
exposed aggregate architectural precast concrete. The
smooth horizontal banding and window trim detailing
contrasts with the rough texture of the exposed aggregate
facing. The effect achieved is similar to that of
the molded stone banding contrasting with the rough
cut stone on many of the surrounding older campus
buildings. Use of repetition made the precast concrete
panels more cost effective than cut stone.
Repetition in panel design is also the key to achieving
quality and economy in the design of walls. During the
design stage, the exterior walls of a typical office building
can be analyzed at three basic locations:
(1) At lower level floors, normally the ground floor
and mezzanine are where significant architectural
expression and detailing will occur;
(2) At all typical floors where repetition of panel size,
shape, and finish occur; and

(3) At the top floor, parapet, mechanical floors,

and penthouse, where there is a likelihood of
increased panel lengt