Sei sulla pagina 1di 32

ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY

Dominador S. Pagbilao
University of the East
College of Engineering
Manila

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, the student should have
understood:
1. The origin of asphalt, the manufacture of petroleum
asphalt and the types and uses of asphalt
2. The different types of asphalt mixtures for
pavement surfacing
3. Some quality control requirements in the production
of asphalt mixtures for pavement surfacing
4. Some quality control measures in the construction of
asphalt pavement surfacing

Topic Outline:
I. What is Asphalt
Origin of Asphalt
Petroleum Asphalt
Types of Asphalt and their Uses

II. What is an Asphalt Mixture


Components of an Asphalt Mixture
Types and Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures

III. Quality Control of Asphalt Mixtures and


Asphalt Pavement Construction
Commentaries on Selected DPWH Standard Specifications

1. Asphalt

What is Asphalt?
Asphalt is a dark brown to black cementitious

material in which the predominating constituents


are bitumens that occur in nature or are obtained
in petroleum processing.

Bitumen is a class of black or dark colored (solid,

semi-solid or viscuous) cementitious substances,


natural or manufactured, composed principally of
high molecular weight hydrocarbons, of which asphalt,
tars, pitches, and asphaltites are typical.

1. Asphalt
1.1 Origin of Asphalt
Three Theories
1. Organic (Peckham, Maberry)
- Bitumen is a product of distillation and secondary
decomposition of organic material
2. Inorganic (Berthelot, Mendeleev)
- Hydrocarbons were formed by the action of water
on metallic carbides which condenses and polymerizes
to form petroleum
3. Indigenous (Hunt, Orton, Lesley)
- Bitumen is indigenous to the strata
Modern knowledge is in favor of the organic origin theory,
ascribing large number of different compounds found in
petroleum and asphalt to the anaerobic degradation of
organic material, both plant and animal, buried under heavy
layers of sediment.

1.2 Refining Processes of Petroleum Asphalt

1.3 Types, Properties and Uses of Asphalt


a.

Asphalt Cement
High adhesive qualities
Durable
Water resistant
Binder for hot mix asphalt
and bituminous surface
treatment

Available Types:
AP-5 (AC 60/70)
AP-3 (AC 85/100)

1.3 Types, Properties and Uses of Asphalt


Rack

Dial Plate

a.

Asphalt Cement
Available Types:
AP-5 (AC 60/70)
AP-3 (AC 85/100)
Distance in 0.1 mm

Needle Holder

100 g
100 g
Ferrule

Penetration Needle

Asphalt
T= 25 oC
Weights

Asphalt
T= 25 oC

Testing Stand

Initial Condition

After 5 sec.

1.3 Types, Properties and Uses of Asphalt


b. Air Blown (Oxidized)
Remains hard at high
temperatures
- Sealants in roofing
materials, battery
boxes, undercoating
- Additive for waterproof
paints
- Crack and joint sealants
for concrete pavement
Available Types:
AS 115, 116, 117, 118

Softening Point by Ring and Ball

25.4 mm

Initial Condition
Ti = 5 oC

Final Condition
Tf = Softening Point

1.3 Types, Properties and Uses of Asphalt


LIQUID ASPHALT
c. Cutback Asphalt
Mixture of Asphalt Cement
and Solvent which comes in
liquid form, where the
asphalt remains after solvent
has evaporated
Rapid Curing:
AC 70-110 + Gasoline
Medium Curing
AC 120-150 + Kerosene
Slow Curing
AC 120-150 + Diesel Oil
- Dust palliatives
- Surface treatment
- Prime coat and tack coat
Available Types:
RC 800
MC 70, 250
SC 70, 250

AC
70/110

+
Gasoline

RC 800

AC
120/150

+
Kerosene

MC
70/250

AC
120/150

+
Diesel Oil

SC
70/250

1.3 Types, Properties and Uses of Asphalt


LIQUID ASPHALT
d. Emulsified Asphalt
Asphalt Cement dispersed in
water by means of an
emulsifying agent
Anionic Emulsion
Negative charge on asphalt
Cationic Emulsion
Positive charge on asphalt
- Prime coat and tack coat
- Binder for cold mix asphalt
Available Types:
SS-1
CSS-1

Anionic

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -- Cationic
+
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ + + + + + +++

+
+
+
+
+

Summary:
Types of Petroleum Asphalt
1. Asphalt Cement - binder for hot mix asphalt ; bituminous
surface treatment
AP-5 (AC 60/70) ; AP-3 (AC 85/100)
2. Air Blown (Oxidized) Asphalt - sealant; crack and joint filler
AS-115; 116; 117; 118
3. Cutback Asphalt
a. Rapid Curing bituminous surface treatment;
RC-800
tack, prime or seal coat

b. Medium Curing prime coat


MC-70 ; MC-250
c. Slow Curing - dust palliative
SC-70 ; SC-250
4. Emulsified Asphalt
a. Anionic - tack coat; prime coat
SS-1
b. Cationic -tack coat; prime coat
CSS-1

Frequently Used Terms

PRIME COAT

BASE COURSE
SUBBASE COURSE
NATURAL GROUND

NEW PAVEMENT

An application of low viscosity liquid


asphalt to an absorbent surface. It
is used to prepare an untreated
base for an asphalt surface. The
prime penetrates into the base and
plugs the voids, hardens the top
and helps bind it to the overlying
asphalt course.

Frequently Used Terms

TACK COAT

BASE COURSE
SUBBASE COURSE

NATURAL GROUND

OVERLAY / REPAIR OF
OLD PAVEMENT

A very light application of liquid


asphalt applied to an existing
asphalt or portland cement
concrete surface. It is used to
ensure a bond between the surface
being paved and the overlying
course.

Frequently Used Terms

CONTRACTION JOINTS
PCCP
SUBBASE COURSE
NATURAL GROUND

NEW PAVEMENT
Use Air Blown asphalt

BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

This refers to either:


Single Bituminous Surface Treatment (SBST)
a single application of bituminous material followed by a single
spreading of aggregate
Double Bituminous Surface Treatment (DBST)
two applications of bituminous material each followed by a
spreading of aggregate

CONSTRUCTION OF A
BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
UNIFORM SIZE,
SINGLE LAYER AGGREGATES
BITUMINOUS MATERIAL
PRIME COAT

BASE COURSE
SUBBASE COURSE
NATURAL GROUND

SINGLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT (S.B.S.T.)


BASE COURSE
SUBBASE COURSE
NATURAL GROUND

DOUBLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT (D.B.S.T.)


BASE COURSE
SUBBASE COURSE
NATURAL GROUND

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, the participant
should have understood:
1. The origin of asphalt, the manufacture of petroleum
asphalt and the types and uses of asphalt
2. The different types of asphalt mixtures for
pavement surfacing and their differences
3. Some quality control requirements in the production
of asphalt mixtures for pavement surfacing
4. Some quality control measures in the construction of
asphalt pavement surfacing

Topic Outline:
I. What is Asphalt
Origin of Asphalt
Petroleum Asphalt
Types of Asphalt and their Uses

II. What is an Asphalt Mixture


Components of an Asphalt Mixture
Types and Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures

III. Quality Control of Asphalt Mixtures and


Asphalt Pavement Construction
Commentaries on Selected DPWH Standard Specifications

II. What is an Asphalt Mixture?

Structural Components of an Asphalt Pavement

Dense Grade Mix

Gap Grade Mix

Asphalt Surfacing
Base

Porous Mix

Subbase

Subgrade

ASPHALT MIXTURE
Asphalt Mixture A combination of coarse and fine
aggregates and filler bound together by asphalt binder
to form a solid mass

2.1 Composition of an Asphalt Mixture


a. Aggregate
- forms the interlocking mass which
provides the strength of the mix
b. Filler
Air
Binder
Filler
Mineral
Aggregates

- modifies sand grading for more


points of contact
- stiffens the binder for higher stability
c. Binder
- serves as lubricant during compaction
- serves as cement after compaction

d. Air Voids
- provides room for expansion of binder

2.2a Types of Asphalt Mixes


and Aggregate Gradation
100
Dense
Gap

80

Percent Passing, %

Open

Dense

60

40
Gap

20

0
0.01

0.10

1.00
Sieve Size, mm

10.00

100.00
Open

2.2b Types of Asphalt Mixes and their Characteristics


Dense Graded (Asphalt Concrete)
Strength is derived from the dense interlock of stones
Presents a very impervious surface after compaction
Provides a very high stability
Requires less binder
Dense

Heavy wheel load

2.2 Types of Asphalt Mixes and their Characteristics


Gap Graded (SMA)
Less prone to fatigue due to retained flexibility
Very smooth surface
Less stiffness, less resistance to deformation
Requires more binder
Gap

Light wheel load

2.2 Types of Asphalt Mixes and their Characteristics


Open Graded (Porous)
High air void content
No structural contribution to pavement
Very good skid resistance
Eliminates ponding
Reduces splash and spray, and noise
Open
SLIPPERY SURFACE

PONDING

SPLASH AND
SPRAY

Porous Pavement Setup

Porous asphalt
layer

Impermeable surface
of pavement

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, the participant
should have understood:
1. The origin of asphalt, the manufacture of petroleum
asphalt and the types and uses of asphalt
2. The different types of asphalt mixtures for
pavement surfacing and their differences
3. Some quality control requirements in the production
of asphalt mixtures for pavement surfacing
4. Some quality control measures in the construction of
asphalt pavement surfacing

Topic Outline:
I. What is Asphalt
Origin of Asphalt
Petroleum Asphalt
Types of Asphalt and their Uses

II. What is an Asphalt Mixture


Components of an Asphalt Mixture
Types and Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures

III. Quality Control of Asphalt Mixtures and


Asphalt Pavement Construction
Commentaries on Selected DPWH Standard Specifications

Is there a way
to avoid early
pavement failure?
III. Quality Control of Asphalt Mixtures
& Asphalt Pavement Construction
3.1. Standard Specifications for Asphalt Mixtures
3.2. Standard Specifications for Construction
of Asphalt Surfacing

The bible of
DPWH Engineers (?)

In terms of PERFECTION

NO

In terms of its COMPLIANCE


Neglect of the Blue Book
Neglect of the Holy Bible

?
People suffer

People suffer . . . in hell !

Potrebbero piacerti anche