Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Pure Metals
1. Most metals are solid. Metals are very good conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Pure metals are made up of the same type of atoms and are of the same size.
3. The metals are malleable and ductile. The arrangement of atoms in metals
explained their properties.
4. The orderly arrangement of atoms in metals enables the layer of atoms to slide on
one another when force is applied, as shown in Figure 1.1.Thus, metals are ductile
or can be stretched.
Force
Layers of
atoms
slide
Force
The shape of
the metal
changes
Force
Alloys
1. An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition in which
the major component is a metal.
2. Most alloys are mixture of metals. For example, brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
2. Alloys have properties which are more useful than those of the pure metal alone.
3. The aim of making alloys is to make them stronger, harder, resistant to corrosion, have
a better furnish and luster.
4. The presence of small quantities of second element in metal increases its strength. For
example, the alloy brass is much stronger than either copper or pure zinc.
5. Atoms of the second element can be different size to those of the original metal. The
presence of atoms of other metals that are from different sizes disturb the orderly
arrangement of atoms in the metal.
6. This will make it more difficult for the layers of atoms to slide across one another when a
force is applied, making alloys stronger and harder than pure metals. Figure 1.3.
Composition
Copper
Zinc
Bronze
Copper
Tin
Duralumin
Aluminium
Copper
Pewter
Tin
Antimony
Copper
Steel
Iron
Carbon
Stainless
steel
Iron
Carbon
Chromium
Nickel
Properties
High strength
Resistance of corrosion
Uses
Ornaments, door knobs,
bullet cases, electrical
parts, musical
instruments
High strength
Resistance to corrosion
Medals, statues,
monuments, art object
95 %
5%
Low density
High strength
Resistance to corrosion
Aircraft, electrical
cable
91 %
7%
2%
High strength
Resistance to corrosion
Bright shiny surface
Ornaments, souvenirs
High strength
Great resistance to
corrosion
70 %
30 %
90 %
10 %
99 %
1%
80.6 %
0.4 %
18 %
1%
Questions
Section A : Objectives
1) Which of the following particle arrangements shows the structure of an alloy ?
A)
C)
B)
D)
C) carbon
D) lead
C) Pewter
B) Cupronickel
D) Duralumin
4) Which of the following correctly shows the difference between steel and pure ion ?
A) Pure ion is harder than steel
B) Steel is more resistance to corrosion than pure iron
C) Pure ion is more resistance to oxidation than steel
D) The atoms is steel are more closely packed than the atoms in pure ion
5) The malleability of a pure metal is caused by
A) the weak metal bond
B) atoms located at a distance from each other
C) layers of metal atoms gliding on each other
D) the giant structure constructed by the bonding of the atoms
6) The purpose of making alloys is to improve the following properties of a metal.
I
II
III
IV
B) I, II and IV only
C) Duralumin
B) Bauxite
D) Bronze
Carbon
Chromium
Nickel
C) steel
B) bronze
D) stainless steel
C) 1 5 %
B) 5 10%
D) 1%
Section B : Structure
1) An experiment to compare the hardness of pure copper and brass is carried out. The results are
shown in Table below.
Reading
Diameter of indentation on
copper block/cm
Diameter of indentation on
copper block/cm
1
0.36
2
0.35
3
0.34
Average diameter
0.35
0.24
0.26
0.25
0.25
(ii) brass
ANSWERS
Section A : Objective
1) D
5) C
9) D
2) A
6) B
10) D
3) C
7) C
4) B
8) B
Section B : Structure
1) (a) (i) Copper and zinc
(ii) To make electrical appliances
(b) (i) Pure copper
(ii) Brass
(c) The smaller the diameter of the indentation, the harder the block is.
(d) (i) The average diameter of the indentation is smaller on the brass block than on
the copper block. This shows that brass is harder than copper.
(ii) The regular close-packed arrangement of atoms in copper enables the layers
of atoms to slide over one another when a force is applied. The presence of
foreign atoms disturbs the regular arrangement of atoms. This makes it
harder for the layers of atoms to slide over one another.
(e) (i) Tin, copper and antimony
(ii) Decorative ornaments
(f) 1: Improve hardness of metals
2: Prevent corrosion of metals
3: Improve appearance of metals