Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ABBREVIATION:
ii
CBS
CGI
CR
Contribution Ratio
DPR
DUDBC
DO
Division Office
GoN
Government of Nepal
HH
Household
KH
Karnali Highway
Km
Kilometer
KVTDC
LAM
LDP
LD
Land Development
LP
Land Pooling
LP/R
Land Pooling/Readjustment
PP
LSMC
LSGA
MHH
NTPCO
PCO
PRA
RCC
NT
New Town
ROW
Right of Way
SWOT
TDC
TDCA
TOR
Terms of Reference
UC
Users Committee
UDLE
ULD
VDC
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PROJECT INFORMATION:
Government of Nepal
Ministry for Urban Development
Department of Urban Development and Building
Construction
New Town Project Coordination Office
Babar Mahal, Kathmandu
Name of the
Consultant
JV ECoCODE
Project Code
SUBMISSION INFORMATION:
Name of the Report
Nos. of Volumes
Version No
2.0
Date of Submission
February 2016
Submission Type
Copies Produced
Consultants' Team
Name
Team Leader
Architect
Civil Engineer
Environment Engineer
Sociologist
Economist
Senior Surveyor
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Signature
Date
30 Jan 2016
Report Checked By
Official Stamp
Nepal is going through rapid change, and the pressure of urbanization is intense in the cities and small
towns. Due to rapid urbanization the population growths rates in the 58 designated municipal areas,
especially those in the central region of Nepal, are as high as 6% per annum, and is roughly four times
the average national population growth rate (1.35%). Due to the rapid growth of urban areas, serious
urban environmental issues are emerging: lagging basic urban infrastructure, services and
uncontrolled urban or physical development. Similarly, the growth trend is unbalanced and
concentrated mainly either on Kathmandu Valley or on other larger cities of Terai or on the fertile
Valleys, and this is visible either ecologically or developmentally. However, there was a negligible
attention of the government in building and planning of urban areas as demanded due course of rapid
urbanization, though on modernizing process, Nepal initiated to build planned cities in terai and in
headquarters of five development regions (e.g. Rajbiraj, Mahendranagar, Surkhet, Dipayal, Pokhara
etc). But the demand in most of rapidly developing cities including capital was so high that the
initiated process of supplying sufficient urban infrastructure and other facilities was inadequate due to
the poor planning approach and the result is haphazard, uncontrolled and unplanned development. In
the absence of a strong planning and regulating tools, lack of proper housing facilities and
development of economic and social activities, degradation of environment and the undesirable urban
sprawl is ever spreading. Houses are being built with no proper provision of road, water supply,
drainage, electricity and telephone facility. Therefore, the rapid urbanization has instigated a high
demand of serviced land and housing units including provision of physical, social and emergency
amenities. At the same time, the Government of Nepal's and the private sectors' ineffective and
inadequate supply of housing and urban infrastructures, creating an unsustainable and vulnerable
urban form through haphazard building transformation, clearly demonstrates the limited capacity of
the existing mechanism in managing the growth process.
In order to respond to the unbalanced, rapid, haphazard and uncontrolled urbanization, as well as the
increasing demands of housing, infrastructure and other public amenities in the cities of Nepal, the
Government has decided to plan and build ten new towns in the junction or in around 3 km distances
of Mid hill highway (MHH) and North /south corridor roads and established New Town Project
Coordination Office (PCO) under DUDBC, MUD. This initiation, in addition, once it succeeds will
help to mitigate the increasing trend of migration to the capital and other rapid urbanizing cities with
all its negative environmental and social consequences. The towns are selected on the basis of
balanced urban development (National Urban Policy 2007), access to transportation, drinking water,
availability of land, potentials for economic development, settlement in vicinity, population, migration
trend, non-agriculture activities, literateness, availability of electricity and others. The New Towns
will attract the population growth through planned development in the upcoming years, by creating
economically vibrant towns as a place to live, work and entertain. This will delineate a rural urban
boundary and create an environment of city development with an integrated approach that consists of
all physical, social, economic and other anticipated urban facilities. The New Town PCO acting as a
planning and coordinating body cannot only guide the future development of selected towns but also
solve some of the existing urban problems, if some of the pre-requisite conditions are fulfilled. The
government brought forth this ambitious task of developing modern new cities to reduce growing
human pressure in the big cities including the capital city, Kathmandu. It is believed that with the
completion of the task, migrations to the new cities would grow and settlements would rise. The
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project aims to bring about sustainable urban development in the ten cities outside Kathmandu Valley
by improving essential urban infrastructure and services, and strengthening the relevant institutions.
As a result, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and overall quality of life are expected to
improve in the ten areas. To address the corresponding urban spatial growth demands, land required
for the road, drainage and water supply development subcomponent will be managed through the
mechanism of land pooling (LP) too. This is to reduce haphazard development and urban sprawl and
land speculation. The locations were chosen taking into consideration the current population, their
willingness to participate in LP process, economic importance, road alignments approved by the
government and future expansion. Thus as a long-term policy initiative, GON is providing technical
and financial support to study and implement different land development tools as a part of urban
development process in the designated 10 new towns. So efforts have to be done to implement Land
Development Programs in different feasible areas through Land Pooling Programs with people's
participation and cost recovery basis. Hence, the New Town Project Coordination Office (PCO),
DUDBC now invites LoI form local consulting firms for the preparation of Detail Planning Report
(DPR) and Implementation Works of Land Pooling Projects of New Towns.
Consulting services is required to assist Project Office (PO) of New Towns in preparing of DPR and
implementing the Land Pooling Projects. It is envisaged that the appointed Consultant will be
recruited by the PCO, Kathmandu in accordance with the prevailing rules and regulation of
Government of Nepal. Similarly, the consultant has to report the PCO through PO as and when
required.
The main concept of Land Pooling (urban land development) Project is accumulating several odd
sized un-serviced parcels of land and to plan each and every plot so that they are well serviced, with
provision of roads, drainage, open space and other necessary infrastructure services. The total cost for
development is converted into the equivalent area of land and deducted equally from each parcel of
land. The ratio of land to be contributed is decided by
The landowner and peoples representatives based on the location, shape, available urban services and
GoN's contribution in infrastructure development. In this way the land-pooling project is a good
example of government-private-community partnership in urban development. The landowners cooperate with the project management in the process of planning, implementation and operation of the
project. The consultant shall conduct detailed land development planning, detailed engineering design
for infrastructure, workshops & implementation of Land Development in close coordination with
POs, Town Development Committees (TDCs), PCO as suggested in "Land Pooling Manual"
published by Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) and
Kathmandu Valley Town Development Committee (KVTDC). PCO, TDCs and POs will support
liaising and other necessary works to be done on behalf of New Towns and Government.
Feasible Potential Site of Burtiwang
According to the feasibility report, the proposed site were Shera and Tari Khet. From close
coordination with the local stakeholders and TDC the consultant has found that obstacles could be
increased if Shera site was selected. The main constrain is that it is very fertile land of Burtiwang and
other is that the landowners had decided not to provide consensus until the mid-hill highway
alignment has been finalized. Hence the Tari Khet site was finalized. The Tari Khet lies in ward 2 of
Burtiwang VDC.
Retain part of his original land after its conversion from rural / semi-rural to
urban uses.
The main objective of the consulting service is to provide technical services that includes: Preparation
of Detail Planning Report Support for project approval, Detail Engineering Design reports, Social &
Environmental analysis, Economic & Financial analysis, Preparation Design/Working drawing,
Contract Document, and Demarcation Lay Out of land parcels according to road networks &
readjustment plan for the execution of LP project in New Town of Burtiwang.
The objective of the Land pooling is to prepare a master plan, providing basic infrastructure such as
road, electricity, telephone, drainage, potable water supply, open spaces, parks making it suitable for
an ideal urban residential, commercial and other or mixed blocks and redistribute the planned plots to
the land owners who agree to share the cost of development by contributing a part of their land parcel.
The main objectives of urban planning by land pooling are:
To control the rapid unplanned urban growth and its impact on environment
and to emphasize the importance of the concept of planning in modern
urbanization.
To set an example that unified development efforts are successful only through
active participation of the local people.
SCOPE OF SERVICES
The main scope of this assignment is to prepare a detail planning report for feasible alternative of LP
scheme, support for local and GoN approval of project, preparation of detail engineering design report
for major infrastructure sub-projects, land readjustment plan, and to conduct pegging works for the
demarcation of land plots according to land readjustment plan of proposed LP projects/schemes (total
area should be not less than 25 Ha) of New Towns. The scope of work has been grouped in two
stages as described but not necessarily be limited to the following:
Stage I: Planning and Project Approval
a. Collect all required maps, drawings (digital, hard), and reports, studies of related New Towns
useful as references for the preparation and implementation of LP Projects. Similarly, Collect
all necessary acts, regulations, directives related to LP Projects and review them in present
context. Moreover, collect Cadastral maps; GIS based digital base maps, survey-coordinating
system (GoN) and others. If necessary, digitize in AutoCAD or other format, establish GIS
system and prepare base maps with contour interval of one meter or less (based on GIS base
map prepared by NTPCO).
b) Locate and demarcate boundaries of the proposed LP sites in the base maps including overlays
of cadastral maps and coordinating system. The base map should show all natural and
manmade features with identification of the environmentally sensitive areas. The scale of such
maps should be 1:500 or as agreed during preparation period.
c) Support Project Office/ TDC to decide implementation of LPP within the selected boundary,
and help to publish notice for public comments and suggestions. Meanwhile, support office to
get application for LP project from majority of landowners and tenants.
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d) Conduct an intensive discussion with landowners to develop understanding and decide the
project area. Formulate different committees and sub-committees such as users committee,
land management committee and others in close coordination with Project Office to facilitate
the planning and approval process as per Land Pooling Manual & Town Development Act/
Directives.
e) Support TDC to issue moratorium notice to prevent sub-division & construction for the project
period as per Town Development ACT 2045. Publish project introductory brochure with
tentative program schedule.
f) Prepare Land use zoning map (existing and proposed) of whole Land Pooling Sites and
analyse it,
g) Collect maps and other updated detail land information such as name/address of land owners,
tenants and area of each land parcel (Government, Guthi, Private etc all types) of LP sites with
close coordination of Project Office and prepare updated log sheet. Conduct a traverse survey
of the project area to compare and confirm the total area according to landownership
certificate.
h) Prepare alternatives of Block Plans with three different options ofall feasible Land Pooling
Sites with exact location of existing features, built up areas and others. The Block Plan should
consist of physical, social and economic infrastructures such as Road/ drainage networks,
water supply, electricity, open spaces, greeneries, etc. to make it suitable for ideal urban
residential, commercial and other or mixed blocks.
i) Determine the land needed for required infrastructures, and rearrange the planned plots for the
landowners who agree to share the cost of development (project financing) by contributing a
part of their land parcel.
j) Recognize and estimate unit land/plot price of both developed and undeveloped land parcels,
k) Evaluate proposed infrastructures and conduct preliminary cost estimate for construction and
work out the plan of expenditures to implement the LP schemes,
l) Determine size and quantity of service plots and allocate them for sale to recover the expenses
of project administration, management and other services.
m) Conduct proper analysis, selection of the appropriate LP scheme/area and infrastructures
alignment,
n) Propose land contribution ratio based on land position, value and infrastructure level for each
block and get approval from land owners/committees. Based on the policy propose/calculate
the area of each land parcel to be returned to each landowners.
o) Deliberate LP design and discuss as required with land owners, land management committee
or other stakeholders with close coordination of Project Office on the proposed Block Plan,
land contribution ratio, overall plan and other technical and administration parameters and
collect comments and suggestions.
p) Improve the design incorporating comments and suggestion of stakeholders, and get approval
from them. Recommend LP schemes to implement if the sites are technically, financially and
socially feasible with all required documents,
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q) Support for the approval of the improved draft planning report from TDC, and submit the
report to GoN/ MoUD for final approval.
r) Support project office to all the managerial and administrative procedure of LP project such as,
committee formation, organizing consultation meeting, confirmation of project from land
management committee/ TDC, and submission of LPP proposal for GoN approval
s) The consultant should be fully available and responsible to provide necessary document, extra
information, clarification, presentation where & when necessary as per request from DUDBC
& MoUD during project approval from GoN (even in holiday period).
t) Support Project Office/ TDC to get approval of proposed LPP from GoN/ MoUD, and issue
notice of approval of LPP.
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Topographical Survey:
The methodology adopted to carry out the topographical survey is as per the specification of
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Cadastral Survey:
- Existing Cadastral Map: - Existing Cadastral Maps of the project area is available from the District
Survey Section and the records of the land holding, certificates are available with the district Land
Revenue Office. The cadastral maps are isle land type 38 districts out of 75 districts and at the scale of
1 inch = 100 ft (1:1200) to 1 inch = 400 ft and 1:500 to 1:2500, surveyed during 1965-1997. They are
scanned and joined into one sheet electronically. The surveying method was used the chain survey for
distance measurement and plain table with or without geodetic control points. Therefore, it is natural
to expect error in both area computation and the shape of the plot in the map
- New Cadastral Survey: - A new cadastral survey was carried out with cooperation with
Cadastral Survey Party (Napi Goswara) using geodetic control points as described above.
The new cadastral plans of the area are prepared at the scale of 1:500, digitized and be overlaid on the
topographical map. The surveying method used are tapes for distance measurement and plain table
surveying for the preparation of the cadastral maps. These plans with existing plots and topographical
details are be used for planning.
III)
Land Records
The land records are field book, plot register and ownership records, and cadastral plans. The field
book consist of the records of parcel number by each ward of Municipality or Panchayat
(VDC now), name and signature of tenant, name and signature of land owners, adjoining parcel
numbers land use, land class, area, date of survey and remarks by tenant and survey office (in remarks
column).
The Photocopy of field books and plots register and list of owners were received from respective
offices e.g. survey office and Land Revenue Office of the district. The area of parcel and owners are
checked with records as well as re- measuring the areas from existing maps and new maps.
The average size of parcels is calculated and generally landowner or tenants has 2-4 parcels either in
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one location or in different locations. The parcel sizes and their distribution are used to decide the plot
depth of the block.
1.1.3.3 Planning of Infrastructures
The process of planning started by dividing the entire area into blocks by roads. Plots for open spaces,
parks, and community facilities are delineated. Other service industries like hotels, entertainment
catering tourism, market place, IT parks be added to create job opportunities. The total area of such
open spaces will be in the range of 3 to 5% of the total project area. The remaining area will be the
residential mixed and commercial areas and future housing reserve area, which will be divided into
smaller block areas by providing smaller roads. These smaller blocks will be subdivided into
individual housing plots in such a way that each plot will have access to road, drainage, water supply,
electricity, telephone.
I)
Roads
The width and right of way of the roads are designed based on the available norms and standards and
are finalized after discussion with the users committee. The pavements are designed based on
prevailing engineering practices. Thickness of the base course will depend on the property of the subgrade. Construction works are carried out without disturbing the environmental situations. The
stakeholders will decide which costs are to include for the purpose of deriving the contribution ratio.
The design speed is of 60km/hr and 40km/hr for main road and other roads respectively and
maximum gradient of the road is 1:10. The road will be planned on the basis of land use, road type
(one way or both way) and number of service plots on the road hierarchy basis. The 9 m diameter and
12 m. hammerhead will be maintained to junction of road longer than 25 m. The
width of road on commercial and institutional areas will be better than 9 m.
The road hierarchy will be as following: - Main Road 11 m.
- Secondary Road 9 m.
- Small Road 7.5 m.
II)
The storm water drainage and domestic sewage both will have to be taken care of by providing sewers
along each road. There will be serious problem of flooding by rainwater in the southern part of
country during the monsoon period. Adjoining to town have problem of sewerage and waste pollution
problems. Many culverts along the main roads and highways require to be fully operational during the
period. It is required to separate the drain water and sewerage and treat them before interring into the
stream or river. The suitable methods of treatment and locations Sewerage Treatment Plants are
planned. It is required to reserve land for settlement of the persons affected from the plant. The
sewerage line will run mostly along centre of the road.
III)
Electricity
The supply of electricity and high- tension lines are critical for planning. The electricity authorities
are requested to provide sufficient electric power and generally, single pole 11
KVA lines are translocated along the main road. The roads and open spaces are planned along the HT
lines.
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IV)
Drinking Water
The existing ancient stone waterspouts are repaired and used. The potable (drinking water) are
supplied from existing system, however, it is usually the municipality lacks capacity of reservoirs and;
hence it needs land for water tank. The land pooling areas have population of about 300
population/ha, which needs about 100 litre/day/person of potable water. The pipeline will be placed
along the footpath / sidewalk area.
V)
Telephone: -The telephone line will be provided along the footpaths of along the main road.
The main lines with cabinets will be extended to the area.
Education: - The land for schools is allocated as per standard norms which required quite high
quantity of land.
Health centre: - It is propose to have land for health centre with OPD and emergency checkups and
have referral facilities to the nearest hospital. It will have 1-2 plots at the centre of the areas.
Open spaces: - There will be land for open spaces at the central every major block. As per requirement
3- 5% percent of area will be assigned for open spaces and green belt the steep sloping areas as well
as other places. The green belt will be planned around the river banks and steep slopping areas.
Community area: - The following community area like, temple, library, auditorium, market places,
will be assigned. The information technology area, market areas, bus/ car parks area
sae assigned. The open spaces near the temples for cultural activities like marriage and other
ceremonies, cemetery/ crematory and inns for mourning near waterspout. The archaeological,
religions monument and sites like historical temple, inns, spouts, and wells are renovated and
conserved with the participation of local people as well.
1.1.3.4 Block Planning
I.
Project Approach
The land pooling is done on the approach of land consolidation principle after analysis of topography,
parcel size and consolidation of scattered parcels of a family. The block are divided on the basis of
- Plot size
- Number of Houses
- Pressure of urbanization and
- Reserve area.
The special emphasis will be given to the following matter to layout block and plots.
- Access to highway and planned roads
- Junction points
- Existed buildings and infrastructures
- Natural topography and slopes
- Environmental situation (greenery, open space, canals)
The blocks are generally designed longitudinal direction of main roads and the distance between two
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open spaces will be 100-200m. The width of road will be at least 7.5 m. except the existing houses
with 1.5m set back. Very few houses will be demolished.
II.
Sub Division
The blocks are subdivided to provide access road to each plot and open spaces are located centrally
and planned clusterly in order to have social harmony.
III.
Block Layout
The blocks are laid out to have plots of minimum size 80 sq m and frontage of 6 m and the depths of
the blocks varies 30m to 50m depending on the parcel sizes of land owners. The frontage also
depends upon the plot size. Generally plot depth will be 2.2-2.5 times of frontage and will not exceed
of the 3 times of frontage.
1.1.3.5 Contribution Ratios
Each landowner will share the cost of the project by contributing part of his land area. How much land
he will have to contribute will depend upon the total cost to be shared by all the landowners, value of
the land after the project and the land covered by the infrastructure and the open spaces. The net area
of the developed land plots to be distributed back to the owners will be the total original area less the
area occupied by the infrastructure and open spaces less the area of the service plots. The contribut
ion ratio is the ratio of the net area to be returned back to the total original area.
Contribution Ratio (CR) = Net area to be returned back / Total original area.
Contribution ratio and land to be returned to land owners/tenant will be as following:
1. Land be returned same locality/ place
2. The minimum parcel area and frontage should be less than 125 m2 and 8m respectively
3. The land less than 80 m2 will be added to make more than 80m2 with more than 6mfrontage and
returned to related owners on the price fixed price by the project.
4. The frontage of corner plot will be assigned as per the contribution by the larger road and smaller
road. The contribution will be deducted from the calculation of both roads.
5. Corner plot assigning will be done as far as possible the original corner place.
The contribution for the road will be calculated on the basis of additional land required for the road.
e.g. the existing road is 3m and new and new road is developed 11m. Hence the plot required to
contribute will be = (width of new road-width of existing road) x the frontage of the plot.
6. The setback area of 1.5 m is kept for the existing houses along the window sides.
7. The contribution ratio will be calculated on the basis of plot depth/frontage and table will be
prepared. The generally plot depth will be generally18- 25 m.
8. The contribution ratio will be calculated by reducing existing road up to the plot depth and
afterward equivalent reduction of exactly of footpath.
9. Community area and owners plot will be assigned first and sales plots will be decided later.
10. Provision on high tension line
- The cost of moving (11 KVA, single pole) high-tension line will be borne by landowners of effected
plots.
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- The non-construction of area under the high-tension line will be used for construction of roads. 10%
of the land will be deducted from the owners.
- Set back will be left as per the regulation.
11. The plot less than 200m2 will be consolidated and returned to the owners.
12. The averages weightage of 1 m footpath will be given to the plot near the canal, streams and other
common land.
13. Developed plots will not be allowed to subdivide the plot to the smaller than area and frontage
fixed by the project.
14. The develop plots will not be allowed to provide access to the plots adjustment to the project area.
15. The adjoining plot of open spaces requires to contribute1% of its land.
1.1.3.6 Determination Priority of Location of Plots
The land owner/ tenant will be allowed to choose his plot with the following priority:
- Land owner with existing house or land preparation,
- Land owner/tenant of corner plot of the same block,
- Owner of land of same location,
- Land owner of consolidated parcels located 2 or more than 2 different locations,
- Plot size smaller than 80 m 2.
1.1.3.7 Financial Analysis
I)
Cost Estimates
The unit rates of labour and material were obtained from the District Development
Committee. Rate analysis be carried out based on the prevailing norms using the district rates.
Quantity of each of the items designed will be taken carefully and precisely. Finally cost per
metre of each type of road (earth, gravel and blacktop) be found out. Cost estimates of parks and other
community facilities will also be carried out.
II)
After computing the cost of each of the project component, total project cost will be estimated. The
cost and the mechanism for sharing the cost will be thoroughly discussed in the meeting of the
stakeholders. The meeting will decide what portion of these total cost is to be borne by the users. The
valuation of the developed land plots will also be decided by the meeting. Then the area of the
developed plots required to cover up the cost will be worked out. This area will be considered as the
service plots and part or whole of the cost of the project will be recovered by selling these service
plots.
1.1.3.8 Preparation of the Final Land Records and Map
I) Replotting of the New Cadastral Map
After the decision of contribution ratio, the final cadastral map will be prepared in consultation of
landowner with the exact sizes of plots to be returned back to the landowners.
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The new plot numbers and area will be assigned to them. The Field Books are prepared along with the
new map. The map will also be plotted with dimension and area of parcel and in
colour assigning different colour to the residential plots, service plots, parks and open spaces, roads,
community facilities (sports centre, entertainment centre etc.). The new land records are checked and
adopted.
Resistance to change
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Administrative
Frequent changes of project personnel
Misinterpretation of Projects responsibility
Lack of project expertise/technologies
Difficulties in coordination with different line agencies
Conventional record keeping system and indifference in information sharing
Financial
Major problem in implementing LP projects is lack of budget. In counties like Nepal, where
municipality lacks professionalism, finance is major problem. To initiate initial project phase, it
requires seed money for which the project has to depend upon municipality. Another problem is lack
of financial plan due to which the project account is hazy and doubtful. Variation of initial projected
cost is yet added problem in LP works.
Land Speculation
Land broker penetrate to increase land price Hike in land price makes land virtually a dream to lowincome and even middle income group.
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Time consuming
The land pooling is a time consuming work and is carried out with consultation and concurrences of
many stockholders. The approval process is long and implementation of programme is effected by
various factors. The weakness of land records and efficiency of staff also effect the progress of the
programme, which will further adds the inconveniencies to the land owners.
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The market center is developing as a major market center of Baglung District. It covers ward number
2 and 3 of BurtiwangVDC. There are 3000 peoples living in 500 household in market center area.
BurtibangVDC covers the area of 31.35 sq. km. The growth rate of the population in the VDC from
2001 to 2011, i.e. in a decade is 2.31 % per annum. The male population in the year 2011 is 3976
and the female population is 4795 such that the sex ratio is 82.9. The population density of
BurtibangVDC is 3per/hec.
Burtiwang is a rapidly developing Village of Baglung District at Central Development Region. The
main attraction of the village is Burtiwang market which covers about 31.0135 sq. km. area situated
along side Bhuji Khola. Burtiwang shares its boundary with Bhimgithe and Khunga VDC in east and
Adhikari Chaur and Devisthan VDC in West as well as Khunga and Bungadobhan VDC in North
along with Devisthan, Rajkut and Darling VDC in South. According to the population census of 2066
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the population of the VDC is 8771 and total household number is 1998. The market center is also
developing as a center of education comprising Utar Ganga, Riverhead and New Modern like
highshools and Janata English and Nisibhuji Multiple campus. The growth rate of population in the
VDC from 2001 to 2011 i.e in a decade is 2.31% per annum.The population density of Burtiwang
VDC is around 3 per hec.
Along with development of Mid Hill Highway, Burtibang is serving as a hub for surrounding
settlements and is developing as a service centre for them. It is located near to Baglung District
Headquater at a distance of only 86 kms. The attraction towards the trade centre is so high that the
population and houses are increasing parallel.
Water Supply
Burtibang is gifted with evergreen rivers like Bhuji river and Taman river as well as forest in the
neighbouring hills. Although the source of water is adequate for the present population, the absence of
water supply system is the main reason for the people to use the river water for bathing and washing
purpose. The private pipes laid from the neighbouring springs are the source of drinking water but for
other purpose, people near market use river water at the source making the river water polluted. A
recent made water tank has benefitted people near the market.
Since Burtibang is developing as a new town, proper water supply system is to be addressed from the
existing sources. The management of existing water resources is a challenging job to address the need
of the future population residing the new town. The existing rivers can be used for drinking as well as
irrigation purpose serving the surrounding VDCs.
Electricity
Development of Micro Hydropower Station at Taman river and Bhuji river is the source of electricity
in Burtibang Village. The national electric grid has not served the village. The present electricity has
served the market and surrounding villages but the capacity decreases in the afternoon. Hence the
electricity system is also needed to be addressed for growing need of new town.
Communication
The post Ilaka office at Burtibang serves the mail system. There are two VSAT and 99 STM serving
the market. The internet service along with mobile phones available here are wireless. In general, the
NTC, Ncell, Sky phone and VSAT towers are serving communication at the village.
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Irrigation
Most of the land is covered with forest and shrubs. There is Shera phant as agriculturally rich land.
Since the availability of fertile land is less, irrigation system doesnt exist in the VDC. The major
crops are Potato, Maize, Barley and Millet. The source of water for agriculture is small water drains
extracted from nearby rivers.
Environmental Aspects
The major land cover at the village is Forest. At present the forest and water springs are serving for
the population. Threats are arising at market area due to unmanaged disposal of sewerage and solid
waste directly to the adjoining river. For recent construction, boulders and sand extracted from river
also warns the susceptibility of landslide near river bank. The landslide prone area at different road
sections needs attention while widening the Mid Hill Highway. People attracted for new town
development and Mid Hill Highway are mounting the population and houses in the market place
which also has mounted the treat of environment degradation. The physical infrastructures are not
well managed to sustain the new town population.
Code No
Settlement
Household
Total Pop'n
Male
Female
Khaptaribang
23
120
59
61
Sorebot
50
295
145
150
Burtibang
120
663
342
321
Bhabreta
76
380
193
187
Tarikhet
44
229
112
117
Kutthapla
33
172
88
84
Sera
28
259
124
135
Arnakot
42
259
124
135
24
Remarks
Salamkot
58
343
165
178
10
Khalbang
38
239
113
126
11
Arnak
58
363
176
187
12
Simalchaur
68
501
255
246
13
Malkatibang
53
334
162
172
14
Rinam
78
503
262
241
15
Bhiyakharka
58
357
184
173
16
Bismor
34
207
97
110
17
Purkot
64
411
209
202
18
Chirbang
24
167
89
78
19
Sama
89
515
279
236
20
Guja
33
243
119
124
21
Phulbari
55
26
29
22
Ghosa
55
356
172
184
23
Ghosakhani
47
273
141
132
24
Roidanda
67
371
207
164
25
Sokhola
15
100
51
49
Caste Description
Total Population
Brahman
1121
Chhetri
1635
Thakuri
30
Kumal
409
Chhantyal
259
Magar
1292
25
Thakali
154
Newari
58
Muslim
46
10
Kami
1338
11
Thakuri
30
12
Damai
449
13
Sarki
58
14
Raji
23
15
Gurung
63
16
Sanyasi
17
17
Tamang
16
18
Others
12
The population growth rate in Burtibang VDC is 1.5 from Census of 2058. Following the curve, the
population was estimated to reach 8101 in 2068 and 9402 in 2078. The popularity of the new town
and development of Mid Hill Highway will definitely increase the population growth rate which is
assumed to be 50000 after 30 years of time.
Social Infrastructure
The social infrastructure includes Education, Health and Security.
Education
The statistics of Burtibang VDC enumerates 40-50% of population as literate. There are 1 High
school, 1 Secondary School, 6 primary schools and 14 Pre-primary schools in Burtibang VDC. The
Nisibhuji Multiple campus serves the VDC in education sector. The confrontation of numbers of
educational institutions shows that the VDC is educational centre.
Health
Burtibang has recently completed District Health Hospital and one Ilaka health post. People used to
go Baglung for medical treatment but the addition of the district health hospital ensures the
development of Burtibang as a medical center also. There are numbers of pharmaceuticals and 1
Veterinary Service cnetre in Burtibang market.
Security
Burtibang VDC consists of 1 Ilaka Police office that serves security service at the market and
surroundings. In addition, the VDC contains Ilaka Forest office and Agriculture Service Centre too.
26
Economic Activity
Burtibangs major economic activity is trade and business centralized in Burtibang market. Due to
absence of national electric grid industries are not present in the VDC. Numbers of Rice mills are
serving the population from turbine of micro hydropower.
Industry
There are no industries enlisted in Burtibang VDC. Rikhuwa of Khunga located in the VDC has iron
and copper ore but the refining has not been done till date due to lack of materials and electricity. The
VDC has opportunity of development in herbal products too.
Foreign Employment
The majority of income generation are the remittance in the VDC. Bulk volume of energetic youths is
at foreign employment especially in Arab countries and in India too. The youths are compelled to
work outside country due to lack of opportunity in their village.
Tourism
Burtibang has potential for transportation hub for mountaineering and trekking in Himali districts like
Rukum and Rolpa. Trekking is fantastic in hills and forest around Burtibang. Youths often visit
Arnakot and Dhorpatan for trekking. Barah lake of Burtibang VDC is also a major tourist attracting
place.
The Land Pooling (urban land development) projects are proposed in ward no. 1, 2 and 4 namely
Bhabreta, Kutthapla, Tarikhet, Sera and Simalchaur covering an area about approximately 64.5
hectors. However, the most feasible areas selected for LPP is Sera and Kutthapla covering an area
of about 8.2 and 17 hectors of land respectively. Sera LPP site lies on the confluence of Badighad
and Nishi River, across about 1 km before Burtiwang Bazaar. Whereas, KutthaplaLPP site is
located just uphill to Sera site and lies about 1.25 km walk distance west of Butiwang Bazar but its
advisable to start this site only reviewing the project impact of Sera.
27
I.
28
Government planning initiatives and investment on infrastructures lagged behind the pressure
of urbanization / pace of urban growth.
II.
This resulted on haphazard development of urban area without proper transport, water supply
and sanitation and other amenities.
III.
IV.
To encourage the urbanization within regional balanced level the government has announced that it
plans to develop 10 new cities across the country within mid hill highway. For that task the New
Towns Development Project (NTDP) is launched. New cities will develop in Phidim of Panchthar,
Basantapur of Terhathum, Khurkot of Sindhuli, Baireni-Galchhi of Dhading, Dumre Bhansar of
Tanahu, Burtibang of Baglung, Chaurjahari of Rukum, Rakam Karnali of Dailekh, Sanphebagar of
Achham and Patan of Baitadi district. The places have been selected on the basis of availability of
land, access to transportation and drinking water and potential for economic development. The
government plans to implement the project under the 20 year perspective plan. The new cities will
help to reduce population growth in big cities in the country as well as migration to the Terai from
Hill.
29
In Nepal it was initiated at1975 in Pokhara which became most successful project. After having the
success in Chipledhunga, land-pooling program was implemented in different part in the Kathmandu
valley. Unsuccessful site and services schemes were gradually transformed into the land-pooling
project.
The urban land readjustment procedure can thus be considered either as a method for urban land
development (by landowners) or as a tool for planning implementation (by society). Different
countries have reached different solutions depending on, for example, the planning system already in
existence and the attitude towards the responsibilities of the private and the public sectors in
producing urban land.
30
.
2.1.2 Land pooling Concept
The scattered and variously shaped parcels of land are consolidated to render them of uniform
shape and sizes. The costs of the project are borne by deducting the land-proportional to the
land area and inversely proportional to land value, whereby a comfortable urban environment
is developed, and cadastral land maps and records are updated with public and private
participation. Land pooling has been found to be a most suitable way of providing housing
and management of land in urban and semi-urban areas as has been shown by the successful
implementation of several land pooling schemes within the Kathmandu Valley and Nepalgunj
and other part of country. The Town Development Act, 2045 provides the mandate as well as
the procedures to be during the preparation and implementation of a land pooling scheme.
In practice, the extent of the readjusted areas varies from large - more than one hundred hectares - to
small - less than one hectare. The areas may be un built or urban quarters to be redeveloped. The
areas be re plotted between the joint owners, so that each of them receives his share of the
readjustment area and the real estate boundaries are adjusted according to the detailed plan. Public
areas are usually transferred to the municipality, the rights relating to real properties are rearranged,
necessary compensations are determined, and the infrastructure required for the area may also be
implemented and the financing for its development obtained. The construction of the building sites is
usually not included in the readjustment procedure. The costs for the readjustment procedure are
covered either by the landowners or the municipality, or by both jointly. In order to cover costs, the
municipality usually has the right to a share of the profit resulting from the readjustment procedure in
the form of parcels of land.
31
Previous
(1
)
(2
)
(3
)
(4
)
owner
Change in
ownershi
p
Change in
property
structure
structure
Change in
ownership
/ property
structures
Owner who
carries out
development
Figure 1
A development process in connection with the urban land readjustment procedure does not differ from
a normal land development process in the main stages, which, according to Kalbro, (1992) are:
initiation, land acquisition, planning, financing, permission by the authorities, construction of the
infrastructure and buildings, and evaluation of the project. Generally speaking, all of these stages can
be implemented by the urban land readjustment procedure and a pool of landowners (readjustment
association) instead of an individual developer will answer for the procedure. At the very least, the
readjustment procedure can be regarded simply as a method for changing the division of land.
In order to obtain the cooperation and participation of the landowners in any such venture, a sound
and well managed scheme should provide the following opportunity to landowners:
32
to receive back housing plots that can be easily sold or built upon.
33
to have a government agency/local government body use its power and status to benefit them.
to retain part of their original land after its conversion from rural/semi-rural to urban uses.
The flow chart exhibited below illustrates the overall methodology to be adopted in
implementing any land pooling scheme (Here, RKTDC should be construed to mean Rakam
Karnali Town Development Committee; LMSC denotes Land Management SubCommittee; LP means Land Pooling and UC stands for Users Committee)
Approval
Project
of
RKTDC
Format
LMSC
of
-Cadastral
collection
map
Formation of UC
-Calculation of total
area as per cadastral
map
-Landownership record
-Policy for land distribution
-Conceptual plan
collection
-Percentage contribution
-Boundary fixation
-Consultation with UC
LMSC
- Preliminary Master Plan
Plotting of Re-adjusted
plots on the map
-Plotting of Roads
Discussion with UC
Distribution
of
Temporary
Land
ownership Certificate
Cadastral
Map
submission to Cadastral
Section
-Plot
field
Re-adjustment
on
Tendering Evaluation
Construction
Infrastructural Items
Distribution
Permanent
Certificate
and
of
HANDOVER
PROJECT
Figure 3
OF
THE
of
Ownership
Physical Implementation
The flowcharts exhibited in Fig. 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 are illustrative of the various steps involved in the
respective stages.
of
&
User's
working
Preparation of final
list of landowners
Collection of Land
Records
and
Verification
Starting
of
Preparation of
detailed Project
Report
Study of Physical
Characteristics of
the Area
Formation
committee.
of
LMS
Interaction with
Landowners and
Tenants
Boundary
Survey
with
physical
demarcation
Consultation
with
Landowners
and
Tenants seeking their
agreement
LMSC Meeting for
the decision of Land
Acquisition
Moratorium
35
Final
detailed
Project
Report
Preparation
Application of Moratorium
Land Acquisition under the
prevailing Act by Chief
District Officer
36
Discussion
with
UC on Master Plan
of
the
Area
prepared
under
DPR
Preparation of final
land
Calculation
Charts
and
Discussions with UC
on details of design
parameters
and
implementation
Active role
Committee
Final report on
the Project to be
submitted
to
LMSC
of
User's
Co-ordination with
other agencies for
actual
implementation
2.3
These issues cover the field demarcation of various features of the project as per the approved master
37
plan and subsequent reviewing of the plan as per the practical field conditions. The changes occurred
during the field demarcation or the need of policy reviewing will be reported to LMSC for necessary
decisions. Different agencies like Land Revenue Office, Cadastral Department/Office,
Municipality/Town Development Committee and others as needed are involved in this stage. The final
project map as demarcated in the field is presented, checked and approved by the Cadastral
Department/Office upon the request of LMSC. Actual re-distribution starts after getting this approval.
Construction by- laws for the project are also formulated in this stage.
38
2.4
These issues cover tendering, evaluating, employing the contractor and consultants, supervising the
works and monitoring & evaluating the works as per the prioritization done by UC, approval of
LMSC and as per the total fund available. Co-ordination with the various utilities such as Water
Supply Corporation, Nepal Electricity Authority, Roads Department and others as needed is necessary
at this stage. The handover of the project to Users' Groups, Ward offices or any community envisaged
by LMSC is also done after the completion of this work. The following flow-chart highlights the
activities of this stage
Land Demarcation of
all
infrastructural
routes and Land
-parcels
Discussions
upon
Physical Infrastructural
items & Priontization
Supervision
Monitoring
Evaluation
&
Commissioning and
final payment
Construction
Physical
Infrastructure
of
Recording the
changes
and
getting approval
by LMSC
Finalization
of
Parameters
of
Construction stages,
Quality
Tendering,
Evaluation,
Contract Award
Starting of distribution of
permanent LOC and repayment of loans
Preparation
&
Adaptation of final
project
Plan
as
reviewed
Starting
of
redistribution process
with temporary LOC
Preparation
of
construction by-laws
Handover of the
Project
Land Pooling Schemes in Kathmandu Valley started since 1988. Gongabu land pooling scheme of
Kathmandu, Lubhu land pooling schemes (LPS) of Lalitpur and Kamalbinayak land pooling scheme
39
of Bhaktapur are the first land pooling projects of the Valley. Similarly, Nayasadak LPS in Pokhara
municipality, Khahare Marg LPS in Pokhara municipality, Baglung Bus Park LPS in Pokhara, Sadar
Line Bazar Bistar LPS in Nepagunj municipality, Bagamati Corridor LPS in Lalitpur sub
metropolitant-10, Libali LPS in Bhaktapur municipality- 1 and 2, Sinchitar LPS in Bode of
Madhyapurthimi municipalty- 1 and 3, Sainbu LPS in Lalitpur district, Dallu LPS in Kathmandu-15,
Khusibu LPS in Kathmandu- 16 and 17, Chabahil LPS in Kathmandu- 17, Sinamangal LPS in
Kathmandu-35 are the other completed land pooling schemes within the country.
Land Pooling project runs entirely on land
owners participation in which all scattered
undeveloped or under developed land
parcels are readjusted in appropriate size,
shape and in orientation with new
infrastructure services. The readjusted and
developed plots are returned back to the
original land owners and farmers and this
effectively removes the prospect of farmer
themselves, and the prior investment to
purchase land is not necessary although some up-front budget in necessary to finance initial
development cost, main positive aspect of this concept is its cost recovery, which is done by selling
some developed plots that ultimately reduces the government financing in improving the community
infrastructure services.
Figure 12: Sainbu Land Pooling Project
A. Land Use Pattern in Government Housing project of Kathmandu Valley:
As per 13 numbers of completed government land development project in Kathmandu Valley, except
for Kuleshwor, Dallu and Sainbu project, the land use distribution pattern in percentage for residential
zone is 58% to 81%, for the roads 14% to 28% and for the open space 3% to 8%. After the process of
land pooling the more the open space, the city becomes nice. But to get more open space, the land
owners will have to contribute more amount of their land. Looking at the previous datas of
Kathmandu valley, the open spaces are not enough in some areas such as Kuleshwor, Gongabu, Lubhu
etc. which has percentage of open space less than 5%. Other facilities like commercial, industrial and
sports are not provided.
Status of Land Pooling Projects in Kathmandu Valley
S. No
Project Area
40
development. A separate chapter on Land Pooling Scheme has also been included in the Model Urban
and Regional Planning and Development Law. It envisages that every planning and development
authority shall for the purpose of implementation of the plan proposals contained in the plan, prepare
one or more land pooling schemes for any part of the area within its jurisdiction. It also provides time
frame and procedure for preparation; approval and implementation of land Pooling Scheme.
Because the owners are the net gainers from the Town Planning/Land Pooling Scheme, as such they
can contribute towards the cost of development in proportion to their benefits. The owners also
receive compensation for the land deducted from original plots for the roads and public purposes.
Owners also get increment of land value in future.(Source: Land Pooling Technique: A Tool for Plan
Implementation-An Indian Experience, K.T. Gurumukh, Chief Planner, Town and country Plan
Organization, GOI, New Delhi , India-Internet: Land Pooling)
Prepared by the Bureau of Public Enterprises of India the below Table shows the Land use distribution
in percentage for India cities.
In 1997 a new Real Property Formation Act came into force in Finland, which redefined the urban
land readjustment procedure. This act repealed the former urban land readjustment (kaavauusjako)
procedure, which had been in force for 36 years, but had hardly ever been applied in practice
(Viitanen 2000a). In this article the focus is the new Finnish urban land readjustment (rakennusmaan
jrjestely) procedure, as defined by the new Act, and, in particular, its role in the development
process, i.e. how the instrument works and how it could be improved. In addition to identifying the
problems that can be solved by the urban land readjustment procedure and increasing the
understanding of the development of the urban structure.
Land Development In Europe
The German Umlegung, the Swedish exploateringssamverkan and also the French AFU de
remembrement are examined in particular. These are urban land readjustment procedures used in
countries very similar to Finland and both Finland and Sweden have a common legislative history
greatly influenced by Germany and France.
This article is based on studies made by the author at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm,
Sweden (Viitanen 1996, 2000a, 2000b).
42
2.9
LESSONS LEARNED
Leaving aside few exceptions, the average contribution ratio could vary between
30% and 35% which could be taken as a general framework for contribution calculation.
Almost all projects had their project period overrun (spanning between any time
from 5 to 10 years) owing to various managerial and technical difficulties, among which,
the lack of financial feasibility becoming one major problem.
The lack of proper cadastral maps and difficulty accessing them also significantly
posed limitation to the project timely success.
The lack of proper land records and consultants difficulty accessing them also
significantly posed limitation to the project timely success.
Some of the prominent issues that needed careful dealing came up during the project
periods were co-ordination between line agencies, over or understated land area in the cadastral
maps, land encroachment issues and equity issues.
Lack of updated data related to urban land use, infrastructure and market indicators
resulted into the wrong locational choice of the LP project sites
The significant delays in the project period attracted landowners opposition to the project.
If such arrangement is made where the land owners' right for undertaking all above activities is
ensured, then probably the opposition from the landowners would be mitigated to a large extent.
43
44
all the five year national plans, urban development related policies and
programme documents to see their continuity on the policy commitment
overtime and the degree of budgetary support to the regional and urban
planning policies; assess the inter-agency coordination and the coordination
between spatial and economic or sectorial policies.
On the basis of the reviews, the paper highlights various regional and urban planning issues and,
finally concludes by recommending policy measures for regional and urban development, urban
economic development, urban planning and rural urban partnership programmes.
Review of Government's policies and development plans in the transport and other
sectors, particularly those directed towards the accelerated integrated development of
the influence area and the construction of secondary and tertiary roads and motorable
trails.
In the case of guided land development, all the owners along its route must agree to provide
land for a road. Very difficult problems arise at 1) junctions with existing roads (the entry
points to the new roads), where those who have access already provided by the existing road
see no advantage in giving land to start anew road, and 2) very small plots, whose owners
will be left with too little land to use for themselves if they give land for a road.
Consequently, to make guided land development work, it is necessary to have power and
resources to 1) pay compensation in difficult cases, 2) force participation at the entry points,
and 3) forcibly acquire land from the few land owners who object to the scheme.
In practice, guided land development has been successful only in widening the rights-of-way
for existing roads. Yet, there is little or no money for actual road construction. It is recognised
that guided land development does not deal with environmental problems or provide sites for
schools or open spaces. One analyst concludes that it should be used only where there are
adequate public and community facilities nearby, a rare situation in urban Nepal.
c)
Land Pooling:
Government and its consultants favour land pooling above the others, mainly because it has the
enormous advantage of avoiding the problems of land acquisition and compensation. However, it
faces great recovery which is unaffordable by most low income households. Land pooling and sites
and services schemes especially require very detailed layout planning of plot arrangements, roads and
infrastructure networks. Guided land development cannot be done until accurate maps of existing plot
boundaries and building and road surface locations are prepared. These necessities lie behind the
enormous staff and time requirements. So do the lengthy and complicated negotiations with land
owners which decide the redistribution of plots in a land pooling scheme or which settle road
boundaries in guided land development.
The integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources, which deals with
the reorganization and, where necessary, some strengthening of the decision-making
structure, including existing policies, planning and management procedures and methods that
can assist in putting in place an integrated approach to land resources. It does not deal with
the operational aspects of planning and management, which are more appropriately dealt with
under the relevant sectoral programmes. Since the programme deals with an important crosssectoral aspect of decision-making for sustainable development, it is closely related to a
number of other programmes that deal with that issue directly.
3.2.12 LEGISLATIONS
It is a simple concept but its success calls for careful project preparation and efficient implementation.
The formulation of present legislation started in 1954 enacting Development Committee Act 2013.
The Town Development Act 2045, Para 12, and Land Reform Act 2021 and Byelaw 2060, regulates
the land pooling activities. Some of the literatures are reviewed as seems relevant for this project.
Some of them are described here;
Lands act 2021
46
Land Reform Act 2021 and Byelaw 2060, regulates the land pooling activities.
Land acquisition act 2034
Land revenue act 2034
The Town Development Act 2045, Para 12,
Land Survey and measurement act 2019 and Land survey regulation 2058
Planning Norms
Urbanization Process
Planning Tool Kit GoN (2011),
Draft on National Land Use Policy, 2068, Kathmandu: Ministry of Land Reform and
Management, Government of Nepal.
GoN (2002), Kathmandu Valley Development Plan 2020, Kathmandu: Kathmandu Valley
Town Development Committee, Government of Nepal.
Local Self-Governance Act 2055 and regulation 2056
3.2.12.1 Town Development Act, 2045 (1998)
As per this act, the users are to demand and help the project in every step. So, a lot of
interaction with local landowners and tenants is needed for the efficient implementation of
the project.
The municipality and the TDCs are other agencies that can, according to respective LSGA and TDC
Acts, carry out the LP projects but experience to date show their limitation in carrying out such
endeavors.
Generally landowner's agreement is the trickiest part of the implementation of such project in its initial
phase. But considering their zeal for better urban living and aspiration for capital increment in the
land cost, a well-coordinated orientation program so as to familiarize them with the concept of
LP, its significance and issues and problems associated with it helps them to get agree to the
project concept.
This act promulgated in 1989, besides being a comprehensive Act for the planned urban development in
urban areas, provides necessary legal provision to carry out the LD projects. The Act under
Section 3, gives power for integrated physical development of city in reconstruction, further
development in any parts of Nepal. The act under Section 12 empowers the Town Development
Committees for the initiation and implementation land development for urban housing and
development through Guided Land Development (GLD), Site and Services and Land Pooling.
Under Section 16, it has provisions to make use of existing Land Acquisition Acts for the public
land acquisitions. The act has guiding provision for the involvement of various actors of urban
land development process. The main feature is given as below;
47
Provide technical assistance to operate the planning relating to physical development (Subsection12B Sub-clause 1.1)
Recommend to provide such loans from financial companies, financial institutions or banks
to such organization to buy the required land as may be provided by for any concession
To make available required land to such organization under the prevailing law (Sub Section
12B Sub-clause 1.3)
This Basic guideline on Town planning and Building construction 2072 is the revised version
after the devastating earth quake 2072. This recently published document gives the guideline
regarding Land development and planning aspect. Minimum required of 30Ropani land to start
the land development work. This Guideline indicates the basic requirement of 15% land for
Road, 5% land for open space which is to be located completed inside the plot. It also indicates
the minimum size of open space not less than 80 sq. meters. Allowable maximum ground
coverage of 60% and 70% for residential purpose and 50% max ground coverage for institution
purpose with maximum 1.75 F.A.R. is set by the Guideline. The guideline restricted the
settlement development on the land with more than 30 slope. This document guides on the type
of structure to be built in planning. Guideline enforced about the inventory of existing road,
public open space and government land. Right of way and minimum width of 6m road is
proposed in the guideline.
There are few documents published describing the land pooling procedures and guidelines like
the manual by UDLE, guidelines by DUDBC, introductory publication by DUDBC and some
project reports by KVTDC. All these reports have been reviewed and salient features and
procedures of land pooling have been studied taking the study area in mind.
From the review of all documents and legal frameworks it is understood that every land landowners in
one part and due interest and enthusiasm from the project in another part. Without active
participation from the stakeholders the concept cannot be applied successfully and without active
and speedy work from the project the benefit that should have been stemmed from the concept
will gradually become less. Hence, time and coordination are the only keys of any land pooling
project.
48
5.1.1
General Approach
The consultants will give high priority to execute the project with a team effort. The following general
approach will be strictly followed during the service period:
Resident Engineer-1
Close contacts and effective co-ordination with the client, and with all concerned
Resident Engineer-2
agencies;
Team Leader
Regular briefing to the client on the progress of the report. Inspector of Works -1
5.1.2
Management Approach
Inspector of Works -2
To accomplish the project objectives, management approach will comprise of the following:
Define clearly the roles and responsibilities of management and the Project
Manager;
METHODOLOGY
With reference to the ToR, we have proposed various activities related to study such that the required
scope of services are fulfilled as well as provide a sound basis for future works related to the Job. The
overall methodology of the proposed project can be Transmissionally be divided into three stages:
Stage first 4 months; Planning & Project Approval Phase
Phase I
49
Phase II
Phase III
: Office Work
In general, our approach to the Detailed Survey, study and DPR preparation shall include following
aspects:
Collection and Review of all available data, reports, maps and other information etc.
Preparation of field programs
Review the existing/ proposed project area
Field visit, Data Collection and Surveys
Sensitization workshop
Orientation Trainings
Social Surveys
Environmental survey
Physical Survey
Reconnaissance survey by complete walk over through proposed area in order to plan for
detail survey and study
Preparation of topographical map of the project area
Detail survey and investigation
Topographical survey
Land inventory
51
The Detailed description various activities under each task is described in following sub-sections.
Stage I; Planning and Project Approval
4.1.1
The consultant has mobilized all the staffs as required as included in the contract.
The Team Leader, including other expert and support team, The project team
collected the secondary data available from different agencies. The available reports,
documents etc. were collected.
The steps to be followed for the preparation of Desk study report were as follows.
Collect the information about source ie. Project demanded from public, organization, public
planning commission, red book, etc. Maps from Department of Survey, geological / Seismic
map from Department of Geology, data from Hydrological and Meteorological Department,
publication and norms from Department of Roads, relevant documents of previous studies of
the project. Socio-economic data of influence area of the project from Central Bureau of
Statistics.
Data Collection
Feasibility Reports on the proposed project
Maps
Checklists and Interview
Infrastructure survey
Secondary
- Topographical
Local People
Government
/
government Report
Research Report
Library Documents
User Groups
Electricity
Local Community
Identification of prioritized
programmes
Propose
Sustainable
Development Land Pooling
Project
Methods dissipation
and Toolsthrough
for Data
Collection and Evaluation
Information
interaction
Feed
on the works so far completed
4,2 backs
RECONNAISSANCE
SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION
A team of experts together with necessary supports will conduct actual walkover survey along the
proposed area. During the period of walkover, the following details will be noted
by respective experts.
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Non
Geology and geomorphology of the area and areas where detail investigation is necessary
General soil profile, geotechnical problems where details is necessary of the area will be
identified
Tentative location of quarry site for construction materials
General hydrological feature, drainage and meteorological details
General information for detail engineering survey such as tentative location for BM,
availability of materials for BM monumentation, location of base line station, and difficulty
traverse survey will be gathered so that survey engineer can plan his field work in such a way
that the field work can be completed in stipulated time.
Inventory survey for physical features: Inventory survey for physical and social infrastructure
within the road corridor will be carried out using check list approved by the client. This survey will
gather information regarding existing road, drain, water supply network, irrigation facility, HT lines,
electricity and telecommunication lines, optical fiber cables, schools, health facilities, religious
buildings etc. inventory of historical, social and archaeological area along with the number of houses
to be demolished and number of people to be displaced will be prepared. Similarly inventory of
Buildings, walls and temporary shades, tap, building orientation, toilet, septic tank pit, water tank,
chautari, temple, kulo and all other important physical objects will be prepared.
Group Discussion: This tool will be used for collection of views and suggestion of general people
and land owners about the ring road alignment, urban development and LP techniques. It will also
give an opportunity to disseminate the information about land pooling to larger section of the society.
The issues and problems that the project may have to face during implementation will also be
collected along with its justified solution. Modality of implementation and institutional requirements
will also be discussed.
Questionnaire Survey: A structured key informant questionnaire survey will be carried out to collect
the views of local authorities, local political and social activists. Similarly the officials from local
level line agencies and municipal authorities will also be interviewed. A questionnaire survey and
interviews with local residents and land owners of the project area as well as with the other
stakeholders will be carried out to include view of wider sections of the community so that the
alignment will be acceptable to the landowners and tenants at a later stage. Such survey will be
included at least 10 % of landowners evenly scattered over the project area. A questionnaire will be
prepared to gather information about the socio economic condition and perception of the land owners
towards the ring road, its alignment and implementation.
Land value Survey: Along the proposed alignment, the land price will be collected during discussion
with the local people. The recent past land transactions will be taken as reference for the land value.
Moreover the stepwise process/ methodology for implementation of Land Pooling Projects within
proposed New Towns have to follow the following procedures. The major steps of the activities for
preparation and implementation of LP projects are schematically given in the task flow diagram in
Figure 2. The short description of each of the activities for execution of given task of implementation
of Land Pooling Project and Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) to be followed by
consultant is given below.
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GENERAL
The consultant believes in strong management and administrative guidance in support of the project.
In order to effectively address the present project requirements, and their successful performance, the
consultants have identified three major essential elements. They are:
Strong Study Team; The Study Team possess strong leadership abilities and capable
of working in a co-ordinated manner; Linkage and Coordination;
Our past project planning and implementation experiences which have demonstrated sound
management practices ensure high quality and timely project output.
Team Composition
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S.
N.
Name
Proposed
Qualification
Task Assignment
M.
Sc. Assist Team Leader/Urban Planner in
Architecture
Architecural planning Aspects, Land
Scaping design whereever necessary,
Assist GIS work,Impart training to
office staff, land owners and user
groups, Give necessary design inputs to
urban planner
Mr
Rajan Civil Engineering
B.E.
Maharjan
(specilization in Urban
Roads & Drainage)
M.
Sc. Electricity and power supply: design,
Electrical/
estimation and link/network, field work
Power
and report preparation
Engineering
Support/Assist to Team Leader
Mr. Narayan
Bhattrai
M.Sc.
(GIS/Cadastre
)
Aerospace
Survey
and
Earth Science
Position
GIS Expert
Mr. Narayan
Chand
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Senior Surveyor
Trainig Course
9
Mr.
Komal
Dhakal
Sociologist/
Community
Development Expert
10 Mr.
Keshab Economist/
Pathak
Financial Expert
M.
Sociology
MA
Economics
11 Mr.
Rajan Legal Advisor
Adhikari
Master
of Land Administration and Planning
Law's (LLM)
Name
Position
Tasks
Ganga Pradhan
Dhir P. Shrma
Surveyor
Shobha Budhathoki
Computer
Operator
to be
Field Assistent
Auto
CAD/GIS
WORK PLAN
The work plan has to assess through the philosophy of whole to part. In this method
work plan has to be detailed only when it has a master work plan. There should be a
sequence of activities and allocation of responsibilities along with its relationship with
proposed methodology.
The working schedule is attached herewith. The schedule illustrates with different
tasks of the project. The Work/Activity Schedule is presented in Figure below (figure:
20);
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PERSONNEL SCHEDULE
It can be accessed through work schedule and the work plan with involvement of the
experts made and illustrated in table: 7.
Reporting
6.4.1
The study period shall span for 4 months. The team will submit following reports in qualities as
mention below:
6.4.2
Reports
Date
3. Draft Report
Final Report
The time schedule was for the initial proposed planning but due to the controversy raised in land
acquisition part by Nepal Government the whole timing period has postponed. Consultancy will
followed as per postponed timing. Land acquisition issue at Tar Bagar which was not been address
since last four year was addressed by Team from central DUDBC on .......Marg 2072. The local
people became ready to accept the land pooling process after rigorous discussion from consultant and
the DUDBC/ NTIPC team.
Such initial inception report is expected to be only a sketch of the final report in the making and
information regarding quick reconnaissance survey. This would reveal not only the proper
understanding of the study team about the nature of work, but also expected to provide the
opportunities to the study team to crystallize its future course of actions.
6.4.3
Draft Report
2 copies of the draft report should be submitted to the project office in 10 weeks time. The project
may suggest corrections in such draft report and the firm is obliged to include due amendments as
suggested by the project.
6.4.4
Final Report
The study team shall submit 4 copies of the final report within 4 months after the inception report of
the study incorporating all due suggestions received All relevant data, figures, drawings,
Questionnaires, interviews, and other necessary information must be duly included in the report.
Along with the report a CD with report and all relevant data, figures, drawings, questionnaires,
interviews, and other necessary information must be duly included.
TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE
Transfer of knowledge is a means to share the experience gained by the consulting firm and the
affiliated professionals through the various projects (including the proposed one) with the Client. We
strongly believe that sharing of knowledge is the duty of the consulting form. The professionals
involved in our organization believe in the fact that the more you share the more you learn. Therefore,
we are happy to share the knowledge through various means and media. We assure our Client that the
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sharing of knowledge is not only related to the different problems faced in the field but it would
further incorporate the following:
The consultant would categorically follow the following methodology to achieve the above mentioned
goal of technology transfer for capacity building of the RKTDC staff for utilizing and maintenance of
the system, updating information and analyzing the digital information for urban development
activities:
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