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Joins
When we join two tables or datasets together on an equality (i.e. column or set of
columns) we are performing an inner join. The ANSI method for joining EMP and
DEPT is as follows.
SQL>
SELECT d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job
FROM dept d
INNER JOIN
emp e
USING (deptno);
or
SELECT d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job
FROM dept d
INNER JOIN
emp e
ON (d.deptno = e.deptno);
or
SELECT d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job
FROM dept d
,
emp e
WHERE d.deptno = e.deptno;

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The following example converts our INNER JOIN from previous examples to a
NATURAL JOIN.

Natural Joins
A natural join will join two datasets on all matching column names, regardless of
whether the columns are actually related in anything other than name. For example,
the EMP and DEPT tables share one common column name and a natural join
between the two tables would be correct in this scenario.

SQL>
SELECT d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job
FROM dept d
NATURAL JOIN
emp e;

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Note that the only identifiable benefit of NATURAL JOIN is that we do not need to
specify a join predicate. Oracle determines all matching column names and uses
these to join the two tables. We cannot alias any columns used in the natural join,
as the following example demonstrates.
if two tables has same columns then it will fail ,then we have to use "INNER JOIN"
left outer join
In traditional Oracle syntax, outer joins are indicated by (+) and this can sometimes
cause issues when attempting to outer join multiple tables or includeg expressions
in join predicates. Oracle outer joins have no concept of direction, whereas ANSIcompliant outer joins do. In the following example, we will outer join DEPT to EMP
using the ANSI LEFT OUTER JOIN. The way to interpret this is to read the tables in
the FROM clause from left to right. The left-hand table is the superset and the table
on the right is the potentially deficient set.
Note: The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all the rows from the left table (dept), even if
there are no matches in the right table (emp).
SQL>
SELECT deptno, d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job
FROM dept d
LEFT OUTER JOIN
emp e
USING (deptno);

FULL Outer Join

The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table1) and from
the right table (table2).
The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword combines the result of both LEFT and RIGHT joins.
SQL FULL OUTER JOIN Syntax
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SELECT d.deptno, d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job

FROM dept d
,
emp e
WHERE d.deptno = e.deptno (+);

The OUTER keyword is optional but due to the lack of (+) symbols, including it
seems to be more descriptive. Note that this example included the USING clause for
our outer join predicates, but the ON clause would also work as well. The Oracle
syntax for this join is as follows.

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SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
FULL OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

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