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Biomass gasification produces syngas that comprises of useful substances for fuel and chemical feedstock. An LCA study is conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of different forms of utilisation of the syngas.
Biomass gasification produces syngas that comprises of useful substances for fuel and chemical feedstock. An LCA study is conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of different forms of utilisation of the syngas.
Biomass gasification produces syngas that comprises of useful substances for fuel and chemical feedstock. An LCA study is conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of different forms of utilisation of the syngas.
Life Cycle Assessment of Different End Use of Biomass Gasification
Products in Port of Rotterdam
Abstract Port of Rotterdam (POR) serves as the energy hub of Europe, where a huge quantity of oil and coal are received and converted into electricity, fuels, and chemical products by various plants in the port area. The Dutch government has set an ambitious target to increase the share of renewable resources in the national energy mix to 16% by 2020. Woody biomass shows the potential as sustainable energy feedstock. Hence this study evaluates the environmental impacts of different utilization path of bio-syngas produced from forest residues as energy carrier. Syngas conversion into synthetic natural gas (SNG) and pure hydrogen are chosen considering the existing infrastructure in POR. Torrefied and non-torrefied wood pellets are studied to check the effect of different pretreatment processes on the environmental performance of the biofuels. Comparison with the fossil-based natural gas as reference case is also conducted. The evaluation is carried out using Life Cycle Assessment with CMLCA software with cradle to grave approach. The data for gasification is scaled up from experimental results carried out in Process and Energy TU Delft. Ecoinvent 2.0 database is used for the background processes. The climate change, eutrophication, and acidification potential are selected as the environmental impacts to be considered. The SNG production shows better environmental performance in terms of climate change potential compared with the hydrogen production. The syngas cleaning phase is the biggest CO2eq emitter for both routes with contribution ranging from 50 to 70% over the whole life cycle of SNG and H 2. Biomass storage is the second biggest green house gases emitter due to the release of CH 4 and N2O with contribution ranging from 15 to 40% depending on the storage duration. Thus the source of electricity for conversion processes and the period of biomass storage are the parameters mostly affecting the environmental performance of forest residues as energy resource. There is no notable difference on the results due to the torrefaction of the biomass feedstock. Compared with the natural gas reference case with 576 kg CO 2climate change potential, the bio-SNG and bio-H 2 exhibit worse eq performance in all three impact categories studied even in the best-case scenario with climate change potential of 656 kg CO 2-eq as well as the eutrophication potential and acidification potential of two times and three times higher respectively. It is concluded that SNG and H 2 productions from bio-syngas still need improvement on some process parameters in order to be viable alternatives for the natural gas and hydrogen grid in POR in terms of environmental performance.