La gramtica distingue nueve partes de la oracin entre las que tenemos: el artculo, el

sustantivo, el pronombre, el verbo, el adjetivo, el adverbio, la preposicin, la

conjuncin, y la interjeccin. A continuacin te presento el concepto de sustantivo y
algunos ejemplos en donde se resalta en color rojo.
El Sustantivo
Corresponde a una palabra que nombra o
designa a las personas, animales, cosas o ideas.
Designa seres o puede ser el sujeto de la
oracin, ejemplos:
(En el caso de Persona tenemos) - Michael Jordan was
a great basketball player.
(En

el

caso

de

Lugar

tenemos)

left

my

notebook

at

school.

(En el caso de cosas u objeto tenemos) - I enjoy reading a good book.

En la ilustracin se expresan algunos sustantivos en espaol, en ingls no varan, slo
deben traducirse.
Realiza tu propio ejemplo:
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______________________________________________________________________
El Artculo
Es la parte variable de la oracin que se antepone al sustantivo. Ejemplos: the, an, a.
Estos significan en espaol: El/Lo/La. Un, Una/o. En el caso del artculo AN se usa
cuando una palabra comienza con una vocal. El artculo A se usa cuando una palabra
comienza en consonante. Ejemplos: 1) The car is White. 2) There is an apple on the
table. 3) The baby is a girl.
La Conjuncin

Es la palabra que enlaza otras palabras u oraciones completas, por lo tanto, sirve de
nexo o elemento de unin. Ejemplo de las ms comunes: and, but, so, if, although,
while, (cuyos significado en orden de aparicin son los siguientes: y, pero, entonces, s,
sin embargo, mientras)
1)

Susan and Anna are very close friends. 2) I will go to the park if you come too.

2)

Although she smiled, she was angry. 4) Do not walk so fast.

Copia tu propio ejemplo:

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______________________________________________________________________
La Interjeccin
Es la expresin propia del idioma para expresar: rabia, sorpresa,
desahogo o explosiones de emotividad, a menudo de modo casi
reflejo, se emplea principalmente en el lenguaje oral.
Wow! That movie was scary.
Oops, I didn't mean to do that.
Ouch, that hurt! (Se usa para expresar dolor)
Oh no, I forgot that the exam was today (se utiliza para expresar sorpresa)
Hey! Put that down! (Se usa para llamar la atencin)
Elabora tu propio ejemplo:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
La Preposicin
La preposicin es una palabra que relaciona los elementos de una oracin. Las
preposiciones pueden indicar origen, procedencia, destino, direccin, lugar, punto de
partida, motivo, etc. A continuacin te presento algunos ejemplos de preposiciones en
ingls.
About, across, between, behind, before, under, toward, beside, next to, near, below,
inside, among, after, during, since, until, because, without, with, for, to, by, on, of
1) I haven't gone to the gym since Tuesday. 2) Tom said that he was against Bill's idea.
El Pronombre

El trmino pronombre alude a "en lugar del

nombre".

Son

palabras

que

sealan

sustituyen a otras que normalmente ya se les

han nombrado, ejemplos:
Bob gave me the best puppy in the litter (Este
pronombre equivale a mi)
That cute puppy is mine (Este pronombre
equivale a mo)
1. - (pronombres del sujeto) Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, you,
they.
2. - (Pronombres del objeto) Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them.
3. - (Pronombres reflexivos) Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
4. - (Adjetivos Posesivos) Possessive Adjectives: my, your, his, her, it, our, your, their.
5. - (Pronombres Posesivos) Possessive Pronouns mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours,
your, theirs.
Realiza tu propio ejemplo:
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______________________________________________________________________
El Adverbio
Un

adverbio

es

una

palabra

que

describe

modifica

un

verbo.

El nio corre muy rpidamente. (Rpidamente describe como corre, lo que es el

verbo)
El profesor habla muy elocuentemente. (Elocuentemente describe como habla)
Fjate en estos ejemplos en ingls:
1) I try to eat my food slowly.

2) I like Jamie because he never lies.

3) The baby cries desperately.

4) The dog barks sadly.

El Verbo Es una palabra,

que indica accin (comer, jugar, correr, saltar, pensar,

dibujar), estado de nimo (rer, llorar, parecer, suspirar, soar) o acontecimientos de la

naturaleza (nevar, llover, temblar)
a) Accin

Ella come muy rpido

Pedro juega con la pelota
El perro corri hasta que alcanz a su amo

b) Estado de nimo

Mi mam re nerviosamente
l llora sin parar

Mi hermana parece triste

c) Fenmeno natural Hoy nevar toda la tarde
Anoche llovi fortsimo
Temblar pronto
En ingls tenemos el siguiente ejemplo: (La palabra resaltada corresponde al verbo)
1) Please move the chair away from the wall.

I walked home from school yesterday.

3) We are going on vacation in the middle of July. 4) That woman sings wonderful.
El Adjetivo
Es la palabra que acompaa al sustantivo o nombre para
determinarlo o calificarlo; expresa caractersticas o
propiedades del sustantivo, ejemplos:
1) That was a wonderful movie.
2) Only several people attended the town meeting.
3) It is a beautiful kitty.

4) Last winter was awful.

Realiza tu propio ejemplo:

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Identifica las partes de la oracin a partir de las palabras subrayadas, luego colcalas en
la

columna

correcta,

de

acuerdo

la

siguiente

1. Steve can play the trumpet.

6. This is a fast car.

2. Do you like dogs?

7. He did well in the test.

3. They listen to music every day.

8. My father drives carefully.

4. She is an old lady.

9. Has your father ever been to

5. The group went climbing in the

Australia?

mountains.

10. The play was fantastic.

Verb

Adverb

Noun

Auxiliary

Adjective

tabla.

Elige la palabra correcta para rellenar el espacio en blanco del lado izquierdo de la tabla.
Fjate en el ejemplo 1. I am doing

b. well.

1. I am doing ___________.

a. good
b. well
a. beautiful

2. You play the piano __________.

b. beautifully
a. milk
3. I would like two glasses of ___________.
b. milks
a. Her
4. ____________ is coming to the concert.
b. She
a. play
5. Yesterday, I ___________ for two hours!
b. played
a. more better
6. This song is ___________ than that song.
b. better
a. in
7. I sat ______________ the coffee shop.
b. between
a. is learning
8. My sister ____________ to play the flute.
b. have learned
a. are
9. I ____________ sleepy.
b. am
a. more organized
10. This closet is ___________ than my closet!
b. most organized

Lee el siguiente texto sobre ingeniera de yacimientos y extrae en la tabla los elementos
que forman las partes de la oracin.

Managing the Reservoir

The geothermal reservoir is the entire system of fractured and
permeable rocks and the hot water or steam trapped in that
volume of rock. Geothermal reservoir engineering is the
application of the basic principles of physics and chemistry to
the engineering problems associated with the production of hot
water or steam from permeable rocks within the Earth. The rock
contains most of the heat energy, but the water or steam is
necessary to carry the thermal energy to the surface for
economic use. The long-term success and profitability of an
electricity-producing geothermal project depend on how well
the geothermal resource is managed.
Like oil and gas reservoirs, geothermal reservoirs can be overproduced if not properly
managed.
Overproduction of a reservoir leads to a significant shortening of its productive lifetime
and a loss of income. Almost all geothermal fields
require injection of the produced water back into the
reservoir to maintain pressure and productivity. A
suitably designed reservoir management program
developed using appropriate reservoir-engineering
methods, allows the operating company to predict
future changes in pressure, temperature, production
rates, and chemistry of the produced geothermal
fluids. Such information is crucial for designing
power plants and other facilities required for the most
economic use of the resource.
Reservoir engineering is of major importance in geothermal development. A typical
geothermal plant, capable of generating 50 megawatts, enough to satisfy the electricity
needs of 50,000 people, will cost around $40 million to design and build. The
exploration and field development of wells and pipelines for this 50-megawatt plant will
cost about $70 million.
Engineers must design a power plant based on the predicted performance of the
geothermal wells and the underlying reservoir. Any unexpected change in the
characteristics of the wells or produced fluids could dramatically affect the profitability
of the project.

Verbo

Sustantivo

Adverbio

Preposicin

Adjetivo

Pronombre

Ejercicios de Comprensin de lectura.

Seleccione si son Verdaderas o Falsas las oraciones que se extraen del tema.
1. - Geothermal reservoir engineering is the application of physics and chemistry. V_ F_
2. - Water is necessary to carry the thermal energy to the surface. V_ F_
3. - Overproduction of a reservoir leads to a significant shortening of its lifetime. V_ F_

4. - Reservoir engineering is of major importance in geothermal development. V_ F_