Chepter-1

INTRODUCTION
TO
INDUSTRY

1.1

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE

INDUSTRY

HISTORY:
Public Health in British India: A Brief Account of the History of Medical Services
and Disease Prevention in Colonial India
Muhammad Umair Mushtaq
Author information Copyright and License information

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

The evolution of public health in British India and the history of disease prevention
in that part of world in the 19 th and early 20th century provides a valuable insight
into the period that witnessed the development of new trends in medical systems
and a transition from surveys to microscopic studies in medicine. It harbors the
earliest laboratory works and groundbreaking achievements in microbiology and
immunology. The advent of infectious diseases and tropical medicine was a direct
consequence of colonialism. The history of diseases and their prevention in the
colonial context traces back the epidemiology of infectious diseases, many of
which are still prevalent in third world countries. It reveals the development of
surveillance systems and the response to epidemics by the imperial government. It
depicts how the establishment of health systems under the colonial power shaped
disease control in British India to improve the health of its citizens [Figure 1].

Figure 1
Map of British India
Go to:

Establishment of Medical Services

The history of western medicine in India dates back to 1600, when the first medical
officers arrived in India along with the British East India Company's first fleet as
ship's surgeons. In 1757, the East India Company established its rule in India,
which led to the development of civil and military services. A medical department
was established in Bengal as far back as 1764, for rendering medical services to the
troops and servants of the Company. At that time, it consisted of 4 head surgeons, 8
assistant surgeons, and 28 surgeon's mates. In 1775, Hospital Boards were formed
to administer European hospitals comprising of the Surgeon General and Physician
General, who were in the staff of the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Indian
Army. In 1785, medical departments were set up in Bengal, Madras, and Bombay
presidencies with 234 surgeons. The medical departments involved both military
and civil medical services. In 1796, hospital boards were renamed as medical
boards to look after the affairs of the civil part of the medical departments. In 1857,
the Indian Rebellion led to the transfer of administration of India to the Crown and
different departments of civil services were developed. It wasnt until 1868 that a
separate civil medical department was formed in Bengal. In 1869, a Public Health
Commissioner and a Statistical Officer were appointed to the Government of India.
In 1896, with the abolition of the presidential system, all three presidential medical
departments were amalgamated to form the Indian Medical Services (IMS). After
the development of IMS, medical duties for the Royal Indian Army were
performed by the Army Medical Department, later called the Royal Army Medical
Corps (RAMC).(1) Medical departments were under the control of the central
government until 1919. The Montgomery-Chelmsford Constitutional Reforms of
1919 led to the transfer of public health, sanitation, and vital statistics to the
provinces. This was first step in the decentralization of health administration in
India. In 1920-21, Municipality and Local Board Acts were passed containing legal
provisions for the advancement of public health in provinces. The Government of
India Act 1935 gave further autonomy to provincial governments. All the health
activities were categorized in three parts: federal, federal-cum-provincial, and
provincial. In 1937, the Central Advisory Board of Health was set up with the
Public Health Commissioner as secretary to coordinate the public health activities
in the country. In 1939, the Madras Public Health Act was passed, which was the
first of its kind in India. In 1946, the Health Survey and Development Committee
(Bhore Committee) was appointed by the Government of India to survey the
existing health structure in the country and make recommendations for future
developments. The Committee submitted its report in 1946 and the health of the

nation was reviewed for Public Health, Medical Relief, Professional Education,
Medical Research, and International Health.(2,3)
The civil chief medical officer or the person in-charge of the Indian Medical
Department was the Director General, Indian Medical Services, who held the rank
of Surgeon General. The Director General was under the orders of the Medical
Board. He was assisted by the Deputy Director Generals and a team of
administrative staff. The Sanitary Commissioner to the government of India
supervised sanitation, vaccination, and vital statistics. The Public Health
Commissioner and the Statistical Officer were responsible for public health
matters. The functions of the central staff were surveys, planning, coordination,
programming, and regulation of all health matters in the country. Provincial
medical departments were under the control of the local governments of their
respective provinces. Principal advisors to the government were the Inspector
General of Civil Hospitals (called the Surgeon General in Bombay and Madras),
Sanitary Commissioner for the province, and the Director of Public Health. The
Deputy Surgeon Generals/Assistant Inspectors assisted the Surgeon
General/Inspector General of Civil Hospitals. Provincial officers were responsible
for the organization, direction, and inspection of all health facilities. District
medical and sanitary arrangements were carried out under the charge of a medical
officer called the Civil Surgeon. His duties were to superintend medical institutions
and all matters regarding the health of the people. He was required to inspect rural
hospitals and dispensaries at least three times a year, perform medico-legal work,
and give professional attendance to the superior government officials. He was
responsible for sanitary and public health work including vaccinations and vital
statistics. The Civil Surgeon was called the District Medical and Sanitary Officer in
Madras while in Bombay the Civil Surgeon was only person in charge of the
district headquarters. Rural hospitals and dispensaries were under the direct control
of the Surgeon General of Bombay. The Deputy Sanitary Commissioners, under
the orders of Sanitary Commissioner of Bombay, supervised sanitary work and
other public health duties, carried out by the Civil Surgeon in other provinces.(1,4)
The officers of the Indian Medical Services were mostly military surgeons of
European origin who were selected in England. In 1788, Lord Cornwallis,
Governor General of India, issued orders that medical officers were not permitted
to join civil services until serving 2 years in the army and the situation changed
little during the rest of British rule.(1,2) In 1835, with the opening of Calcutta
Medical College, IMS was opened to the natives of India trained in Calcutta who
were selected to serve in Subordinate Military Medical Services or as Assistant

Civil Surgeons to serve in sub-divisional civil hospitals. The best of them held
minor civil surgeoncies. From 1890 to 1900, ten Indians entered the Indian
Medical Services.(1) Later, state medical faculties were established at major
provincial headquarters to train technicians who served as Sub-Assistant Civil
Surgeons in rural hospitals and dispensaries.
Go to:
Medical Institutions
The first hospital in India was the Madras General Hospital in 1679. The
Presidency General Hospital, Calcutta was formed in 1796. About four hospitals
were formed in Madras between 1800 to1820. To fulfill the growing need for
health professionals, Calcutta Medical College was established by an order in
February 1835, which was the first institute of western medicine in Asia. Medical
College Hospital, Calcutta was formed in 1852 [Figure 2]. In 1860, Lahore
Medical School (later named King Edward Medical College) started in Lahore,
Punjab [Figure 3]. Afterwards, a network of hospitals was set up throughout India.
In 1854, the government of India agreed to supply medicines and instruments to
the growing network of minor hospitals and dispensaries. Government Store
Depots were established in Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Mian Mir, and Rangoon.(1)
Lady Reading Health School, Dehli was established in 1918. In 1930, the All-India
Institute of Hygiene and Public Health was established in Calcutta. In 1939, the
first Rural Health Training Center was established in Singur near Calcutta.(3)

Figure 2
Calcutta Medical College (established in 1835)

Figure 3
King Edward Medical College, Lahore (established in 1860)

The total number of public hospitals and dispensaries under the control of the
Imperial government of India was about 1200 in 1880 and in 1902, the figure
raised to approximately 2500. There was one hospital for every 330 square miles in
1902. The income of public health facilities was 3.6 million rupees in 1880 and
about 8.1 million rupees in 1902. Patient turnover was 7.4 million in 1880; that
increased to about 22 million in 1902.(1)
Go to:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763662/

Indian healthcare industry operates in both of the private and public sectors. The
public sectors are healthcare system consists of facilities run by the central and
state governments. The facilities are provided freely or at subsidized rates to lower
income families in rural and urban areas. However, further the Indian healthcare
industry is going through a growth phase due to its healthy economy. As the
country's middle class continues to grow this industry's growth will increase.
India's ever-growing middle class are able to afford quality healthcare. With such
an increased ability to pay for better healthcare, the demand for healthcare services
has grown from $4.8 billion in 1991 to $22.8 billion in 2001-2002. Today 50
million Indians are able to afford western medicine and over 150 million have
annual incomes of more than 1000 US dollars.
In between the 1950's and 1980's the Health care facilities and personnel increased
substantially, but gradually due to the fast population growth, the number of
licensed medical practitioners per 10,000 individuals had fallen in the 1980's to 3
per 10,000 from the 1981 level of 4 per 10,000. There were approximately ten
hospital beds per 10,000 individuals in 1991. Primary health centers are majorly
the cornerstone of the rural health care system.

In the year 1991, India constituted about 22,400 primary health centers, 11200
hospitals, and 27,400 dispensaries. Such facilities were the part of a tiered health
care system which funnels more difficult cases into urban hospitals while
attempting to provide routine medical care to the vast majority in the countryside.
Primary health centers and sub-centers would majorly rely on trained paramedics
to meet most of their needs.
Source: http://www.indianmirror.com/indian-industries/health.html

time 1.30 pm

DEVLOPMENT:
The Indian healthcare industry is growing at a rapid pace and is expected to
become a US$ 280 billion industry by 2020. Rising income levels and growing
elderly populations are all factors that are driving this growth. In addition,
changing demographics, disease profiles and the shift from chronic to lifestyle
diseases in the country has led to increased spending on healthcare delivery.
Even so, nearly one million Indians die every year due to inadequate healthcare
facilities and 700 million people have no access to specialist care. 80% of
specialists live in urban areas. In order to meet manpower shortages and reach
world standards, India would require investments of up to $20 billion over the next
5 years. India produces over 250,000 doctors annually in the modern system of
medicine. A higher number of nurses and para-medical professionals and
practitioners of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy are also produced.
Better policy regulations and the establishment of public-private partnerships are
possible solutions to the problem of manpower shortage.
As incomes rise and the number of available financing options in terms of health
insurance policies increase, consumers have become more and more engaged in
making informed decisions about their healthcare and associated costs. In order to
remain competitive, healthcare providers are now not only looking at improving
operational efficiency, but are also looking at ways of enhancing patients overall
experience. These exceptional, proactive and ahead of the curve institutions are the
ones leading the way for the Indian healthcare industry.
Source: http://www.indus.org/healthcare/HealthcareIndia.html 9.16pm

The country's healthcare system is developing rapidly and it continues to expand

its coverage, services and spending in both the public as well as private sectors, it
said.
The private sector has emerged as a vibrant force in India's healthcare industry,
lending it both national and international repute. Private sector's share in healthcare
delivery is expected to increase from 66% in 2005 to 81% by 2015. Private sector's
share in hospitals and hospital beds is estimated at 74% and 40%, respectively.
There is substantial demand for high-quality and speciality healthcare services in
tier-II and tier-III cities. To encourage the private sector to establish hospitals in
these cities, government has relaxed the taxes on these hospitals for the first 5
years.
Many healthcare players such as Fortis and Manipal Group are entering
management contracts to provide an additional revenue stream to hospitals.
Over the years, health insurance is gaining momentum in India; gross healthcare
insurance premium is expanding at a CAGR of 39% over FY06-10. This trend is
likely to continue, benefitting the country's healthcare industry
Strong mobile technology infrastructure and launch of 4G is expected to drive
mobile health initiatives in the country. Mobile health industry in India is expected
to reach $0.6 billion by 2017, the report said.
To standardise the quality of service delivery, control cost and enhance patient
engagement, healthcare providers are focussing on the technological aspect of
healthcare delivery.
Digital health knowledge resources, electronic medical record, mobile healthcare,
hospital information system are some of the technologies gaining acceptance in the
sector. Going forward, the healthcare sector's spending on IT products and services
is expected to rise from $53 billion in 2012 to $57 billion in 2013.
Telemedicine is also a fastemerging sector in India. In 2012, the telemedicine
market in India was valued at $7.5 million, and is expected to rise at a CAGR of
20% to $18.7 million by 2017. With increased private participation, the healthcare

sector has also witnessed rise in FDI inflows. As per law, 100% FDI is permitted
for all health-related services under the automatic route.
Demand growth, cost advantages and policy support were instrumental in
attracting FDI inflows into the healthcare sector. During April 2000-March 2013,
FDI inflows for drugs and pharmaceuticals stood at $10.3 billion, while inflows
into hospitals and diagnostic centres, and medical appliances stood at $1.6 billion
and $0.6 billion, respectively.
India's primary competitive advantage over its peers lies in its large pool of welltrained medical professionals in the country. Also India's cost advantage compared
to peers in Asia and Western countries is significant cost of surgery in India is
one-tenth of that in the US or Western Europe.
India's competitive advantage also lies in increased success rate of Indian
companies in getting Abbreviated New Drug Application ( ANDA) approvals.
India also offers vast opportunities in R&D as well as medical tourism, the report
said.
Source: http://www.investindia.gov.in/healthcare-sector/ timr 9.28 pm

1.2

OVERVIEW OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

The Indian healthcare industry, which comprises hospitals, medical
infrastructure, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine,
health insurance and medical equipment, With driving growth factors as
rising population, increasing disposable income, increasing lifestyle related
health issues, cheaper treatment costs, thrust in medical tourism, improving
health insurance penetration and focus on public private partnership (PPP)
models, the Indian healthcare industry, growing at a CAGR of 15% is
expected to touch US$ 250 billion by 2020.
In India most of the metros hospitals have world-class infrastructure,
processes and outcomes. However, 70% of the healthcare infrastructure is
confined to the top 20 cities of India. In order to reach the remaining
population, innovations in healthcare products and delivery are required.
Healthcare systems predominantly differ in means, methods and approach,
but all confront mediocre health outcomes and a steeply escalating cost
curve that is unsustainable in the long term. Offering affordable healthcare
without compromising access to care requires innovative new products and
care options.
Healthcare in India provides existing and freshers with a unique opportunity
to achieve innovation, differentiation and profits. In the next decade,
increasing consumer awareness and demand for better facilities will redefine
the countrys second largest service sector employer.PwC understands the
healthcare system as well as the dynamics that drive it.
The Indian healthcare industry, which comprises hospitals, medical
infrastructure, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine,
health insurance and medical equipment, is expected to reach US$ 160
billion by 2017, as per Frost & Sullivan.
The system is not just developing rapidly but also continues to expand its
coverage, services and expenditure in the public as well as private sectors.
This is creating a large market for healthcare-related IT solutions.
The Indian medical device and equipment market is expected to grow to
around US$ 7.8 billion by 2016, growing at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 15.5 per cent, according to a report . This market is currently the
fourth largest in Asia with 700 medical device makers, and ranks among the
top 20 in the world, as per data.

SOUR: http://healthtechnology.in/2015/06/08/indian-healthcare-industry-anoverview/ time 9.28 pm

Market Size
The overall Indian healthcare market today is worth US$ 100 billion and is
expected to grow to US$ 280 billion by 2020, a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 22.9 per cent. Healthcare delivery, which includes hospitals, nursing
homes and diagnostics centers, and pharmaceuticals, constitutes 65 per cent of the
overall market.
There is a significant scope for enhancing healthcare services considering that
healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP is rising. Rural India, which accounts
for over 70 per cent of the population, is set to emerge as a potential demand
source.
India requires 600,000 to 700,000 additional beds over the next five to six years,
indicative of an investment opportunity of US$ 25-30 billion. Given this demand
for capital, the number of transactions in the healthcare space is expected to
witness an increase in near future. The average investment size by private equity
funds in healthcare chains has already increased to US$ 20-30 million from US$ 515 million#.
The Indian medical tourism industry is pegged at US$ 3 billion per annum, with
tourist arrivals estimated at 230,000. The Indian medical tourism industry is
expected to reach US$ 6 billion by 2018, with the number of people arriving in the
country for medical treatment set to double over the next four years.

SOURCE : http://www.ibef.org/pages/healthcare-snapshot 9.32 pm

Medical Tourism
Several key trends are giving impetus to the growth of Indias healthcare sector. Of
these, medical city is relatively a new concept that offers immense growth
opportunities, in addition to the medical tourism. India is also regarded as the most
competitive destination with advantages of lower cost and sophisticated
treatments. Due to such promising factors, the medical tourism has great potential
in the country.

The industry in India is pegged at US$ 1 billion per annum, growing at around 18
per cent and is expected to touch US$ 2 billion by 2015. India has witnessed an
influx of patients from Africa, CIS countries, Gulf and SAARC nations, Pakistan,
Bangladesh and Myanmar, who mainly come for organ transplant, orthopedic,
cardiac and oncology problems.
Apollo Hospitals has six tele-medicine (through video-conferencing system) centres
in the East and North East India. Plans are afoot to add another 24 over the next
couple of years.
sourcehttp://www.ibef.org/pages/35868 9.30 pm

Market Segment of healthcare sector

Hospitals

Pharmaceutic
al
Healthcare

Diagnostics
Medical
Equipment and
Supplies

Medical
Insurance

Government Hospitals - includes

healthcare centres, district hospitals
and general hospitals
Private Hospitals - includes nursing
homes, mid-tier, and top-tier private
hospitals
Includes the manufacture, extraction,
processing, purification, and packaging of
chemical materials to be used as
Comprises businesses and laboratories
that offer analytic or diagnostic services
including body fluid analysis
Includes establishments primarily
engaged in manufacturing medical
equipment and supplies, such as
surgical, dental, orthopaedic,
ophthalmologic, and laboratory
Includes health insurance and covers an
individuals hospitalisation expenses and
medical reimbursement facility incurred
due to sickness

1.3
MAGOR
PLAYERS
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

AND

STRUCTURE

OF

The government's share in the healthcare delivery Industry is 20 % while 80 % is

in the private sector. Private players have made significant investments in setting
up of the private hospitals in cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai and
Hyderabad. There is emergence of latest medical technology and have created a
competitive environment. The Emergence of corporate hospitals has led to
increased professionalism in medical practices and use of hospital management
tools.

Major Players
In addition, India is now acknowledged as the premier destination for medical
tourism, owing to cheaper costs and treatments in the country. According to
industry estimates, the market size of medical tourism in India is growing at over
25% annually at over USD 2.5 billion. The segments growing business potential
prompted the ITC Group to set up the 58-room Fortune Park Lake City business
hotel at the Jupiter LifeLine Hospitals complex in Thane, near Mumbai, to serve
medical tourists. Most international patients are from Africa, SAARC and West
Asia. Patients requiring higher-end tertiary care are now coming to India for
cardiology, orthopaedics, neurology, oncology and organ transplants. Affordability
of treatment is a big pull factor treatment in India costs just 10% to 20% of what
it costs abroad.

Domestic hospitals have a long-standing reputation in the healthcare sector; some

of the prominent private Indian hospital chains that offer world-class medical
treatment include Max Healthcare, Fortis, Escorts Healthcare, Moolchand
Hospital, Manipal Group of Hospitals, Woodlands Multispeciality Hospital,
Anandlok Hospital, Jitendra Narayan Ray Sishu Seva Bhavan and General
Hospital, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Sarvodaya Hospital, Suguna Ramaiah
Hospital, Chinmaya Mission Hospital, Manipal Hospitals, Narayana Hrudayalaya,
CSI Kalyani General Hospital, KHM Hospitals, Kumaran Hospitals, P. D. Hinduja
National Hospital, Joy Hospital, Sir H. N. Hospital and Research Centre, Sowmya
Hospital, etc.
http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/brokerage-recos-sector-report/indianhealthcare-industry-looks-positiveindira-securities_1200578.html
9.32

Apollo Group
Apollo Hospitals is widely recognized as the pioneer of private healthcare in
India, and was the countrys first corporate hospital. The Apollo Hospitals Group,
which started as a 150-bed hospital and today, operates 9200 beds across 64
hospitals. A forerunner in integrated healthcare, Apollo has a robust presence
across the healthcare spectrum. The Group has emerged as the foremost integrated
healthcare provider in Asia, with mature group companies that specialize in
insurance, pharmacy, consultancy, clinics and many such key touch points of the
ecosystem. The Apollo Group has touched the lives of over 45 million patients,
from 121 countries.
https://www.apollohospitals.com/corporate/company-overview

Fortis
Fortis Healthcare Limited is a leading integrated healthcare delivery service
provider in India. The healthcare verticals of the company primarily comprise
hospitals, diagnostics and day care specialty facilities.

The company operates its healthcare delivery services in India, Dubai, Mauritius
and Sri Lanka with 54 healthcare facilities (including projects under development),
approximately 10,000 potential beds and 260 diagnostic centres.
In a global study of the 30 most technologically advanced hospitals in the world,
its flagship, the Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI), was ranked No.2, by
topmastersinhealthcare.com, and placed ahead of many other outstanding medical
institutions in the world.
http://www.fortishealthcare.com/about-us

Max
With over 1900 beds and 11 top hospitals in Delhi-NCR, Punjab and Uttarakhand,
2100 world-class doctors and 9300 support staff, Max Healthcare is one of the
leading chain of hospitals in India. With 525 ICU beds & the most advanced
technology, our state-of-the-art infrastructure is rated the best in North India
thereby making Max Healthcare one of the best hospitals in India.

http://www.maxhealthcare.in/index.php/about-us

Wockhardt
Wockhardt incorporated in 1999, is engaged the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
segments. The companys 14 manufacturing plants are located in India, UK,
Ireland, US, and are compliant to international regulatory standards including US
FDA and UK MHRA. These manufacturing plants are multi-technology and can
manufacture all the dosage forms including sterile products as well as products
with lyophilised dosage forms.
The company has 4 research centres globally with over 550 scientists of which
over 100 are doctorates. Its multi-disciplinary research activities encompass
pharmaceutical formulations, biopharmaceutical bulk and formulations, novel drug
delivery system, new drug discovery programme and process engineering for
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.

Wockhardts subsidiaries are located in the US, UK, Ireland and France. The
company has market presence in formulations, bio-pharmaceuticals, nutrition
products, vaccines and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
The company holds strong position in leading markets such as Europe and United
States, which contributes 65% to Wockhardt's revenue. The company has two
subsidiaries Negma Lerads, France and Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, USA.
Wockhardt is the 4th company in the world to have developed recombinant insulin,
Wosulin - from concept to market stage. It also developed a patented delivery
device Pen for Wosulin injections.
http://info.shine.com/company/wockhardt-limited/3659.html

Piramal
We forayed into the health care space in 1988 with a move that was contrarian at
that time, as most pharmaceutical players were exiting India due to the existing
business climate. It has been 25 years, and we have established ourselves as one of
the most recognizable and respected names in the pharmaceuticals industry.
Today, we have manufacturing bases across India, UK, Scotland, USA and Canada
through subsidiaries. Our critical care products are available in the emergency
rooms of hospitals across the globe and our products are available in over 100
countries. We are presently the third largest player in the global Inhalation
Anesthesia (IA) market, and the only company in the world with a complete
product
portfolio
of
Inhalation
Anesthetics
drugs.
Our manufacturing capabilities make us one of the largest custom manufacturing
companies in the world. The UN Conference on Trade and Development's World
Investment Report 2011' ranks us among the top 5 in the world.
http://www.piramal.com/our-businesses/piramal-healthcare

Piramal Enterprise, formerly known as Nicholas Piramal, is one of

the largest pharmaceutical companies in India. Being part of Piramal Group, its
healthcare division contributes 50% to groups revenue. Besides healthcare, the
Piramal Group has business interests in areas of glass manufacturing, retail and
real estate.
Piramal Healthcare operates two divisions namely healthcare solutions and pharma
solutions. PHL is one of the largest custom manufacturing companies with global
presence in North America, Europe and Asia.
Today, operating across multiple verticals within healthcare, life sciences and drug
delivery systems, healthcare information management, financial services and
contract manufacturing services, the company has diversified further.

http://info.shine.com/company/piramal-healthcare-ltd/3830.html

Duncan
J. Duncan Healthcare, a private limited company was incorporated in the year
2003. The factory has started its operation in the year 2008 with the aim to serve
human being by providing new & advanced molecules in the form of
pharmaceutical products. The manufacturing unit commenced its activities with
three dosage forms viz. Tablet, Capsule & Oral Liquid using ultra-modern
machineries & state - of - art modern building designs. The facility has been
developed under the guidelines of WHO-GMP norms. The facility has been built
in line with latest international regulatory requirements. The factory is well
connected by roads & railways.
J. Duncan Healthcare is a part of LOK-BETA Pharma (A Group). LOKBETA sales and promotes various range of products, manufactured at J Duncan
Healthcare, in their brand for Domestic and International markets.
http://www.jduncan.co.in/jduncanCompanyProfile.html

Escorts
Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, formerly known as Escorts Heart Institute and
Research Centre, is a pioneer in the field of fully dedicated cardiac care in India. It
is the largest free standing private cardiac hospital in Asia Pacific region, and a part
of Fortis Healthcare which is the fastest growing hospital network in India and
empanelled with CGHS.
Fortis Healthcare, led by the vision of late Dr. Parvinder Singh of creating an
integrated healthcare delivery system in India acquired Escorts Heart Institute and
Research Centre Ltd. in 2005. Established in 1988, Escorts celebrated 25 years of
Cardiac excellence in 2013.
Fortis Escorts Heart Institute has set benchmarks in cardiac care with Paediatric
path breaking work over the past 25 years. Today, it is recognised world over as a
centre of excellence providing the latest technology in Cardiac Bypass Surgery,
Interventional Cardiology, Non-invasive Cardiology, Paediatric Cardiology and
Paediatric Cardiac Surgery. The hospital is backed by the most advanced
laboratories performing complete range of investigative tests in the field of Nuclear
Medicine, Radiology, Biochemistry, Haematology, Transfusion Medicine and
Microbiology.
Fortis Escorts Heart Institute has a vast pool of talented and experienced team of
doctors, who are further supported by a team of highly qualified, experienced &
dedicated support staff & cutting edge technology like the recently installed Dual
CT Scan. Currently, more than 200 cardiac doctors and 1600 employees work
together to manage over 14,500 admissions and 7,200 emergency cases in a year.
The hospital today has an infrastructure comprising of around 285 beds (it
currently enjoys 100% occupancy rate), 5 Cath Labs besides a host of other worldclass facilities.

http://www.fortisescorts.in/aboutUs.php

Ranbaxy Group Company

Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. is the largest pharmaceutical company in India, and one
of the world's top 100 pharmaceutical companies. Long a specialist in the
preparation of generic drugs, Ranbaxy is also one of the world's top 10 in that
pharmaceutical category as well. Yet, with India's agreement to apply international
patent law at the beginning of 2005, Ranbaxy has begun converting itself into a
full-fledged research-based pharmaceutical company. A major part of this effort
has been the establishment of the company's own research and development center,
which has enabled the company to begin to enter the new chemical entities (NCE)
and novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) markets. In the mid-2000s, the company
had a number of NCEs in progress, and had already launched its first NDDS
product, a single daily dosage formulation of ciprofloxacin. Ranbaxy is a truly
global operation, producing its pharmaceutical preparations in manufacturing
facilities in seven countries, supported by sales and marketing subsidiaries in 44
countries, reaching more than 100 countries throughout the world. The United
States, which alone accounts for nearly half of all pharmaceutical sales in the
world, is the company's largest international market, representing more than 40
percent of group sales. In Europe, the company's purchase of RPG (Aventis) S.A.
makes it the largest generics producer in that market. The company is also a
leading generics producer in the United Kingdom and Germany and elsewhere in
Europe. European sales added 16 percent to the company's sales in 2004.
Ranbaxy's other major markets include Brazil, Russia, and China, as well as India,
which together added 26 percent to the group's sales. Ranbaxy posted revenues of
$1.18 billion in 2004. The company, which remains controlled and led by the
founding Singh family, is listed on the National Stock Exchange of Indiain
Mumbai.
Read
more: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history/Qu-Ro/RanbaxyLaboratories-Ltd.html#ixzz3sZrGT2o0

http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history/Qu-Ro/Ranbaxy-LaboratoriesLtd.html

STRUCTURE:

1.4 PRODUCT APPLICATIONS OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

Medical & Healthcare

Hospital, Clinic & Medical Services

Health Care Service

Medical Treatment Services
Dental Treatment Services
Medical Facilities
Medical Surgery Services

Healthcare & Fitness Equipment

Body Massager
Exercise Treadmill
Foot Massager
Spa Equipment
Massage Chair

Pharma Ingredients & Raw Materials

API Intermediate
Softgel Capsules
Antioxidants
Soft Gelatin Capsules
Gelatin Capsules

Surgical & Medical Consumables

Surgical Disposables
First Aid Kits
First Aid Boxes
Medical Kit
Needle Holders

Nutraceuticals & Dietary Supplements

Protein Powder
Vitamin Supplements
Vitamin Capsules

 Protein Supplement
Food Supplement

Common Disease Medicines

Cough Syrup
Dry Syrups
Eye Drops
Skin Ointment
Steroid Injections

Diagnosis & Path Lab Instruments

X Ray Machine
ECG Machine
Ultrasound Machine
Medical Diagnostic Equipment
Blood Glucose Test Strips

Orthopedic Equipment & Supplies

 Orthopedic Implants
Orthopedic Instruments
Knee Braces
Orthopedic Braces
Bone Plates

Physiotherapy & Rehab Aids

Cervical Collars
Physiotherapy Equipment
Crepe Bandage
Rehabilitation Equipment
Back Support Belts

Dentist Tools, Equipment & Supplies

Dental Implants
Dental Equipment
Dental Instruments
Dental Chairs
Dental Crowns

Anti Infective Drugs & Medicines

Amoxicillin
Azithromycin Tablets
Antimalarial Drugs
Antibiotic Tablets
Antifungal Drugs

Surgical & ICU Equipments

Intensive Care Unit

Emergency Medical Equipment
Incubators
Oxygen Concentrator
Anaesthesia Machine

Scalpels, Needles & Scissors

Surgical Scissors
Medical Needles
Medical Scissor

 Surgical Blades
Nail Nipper

Ayurvedic Medicines, Tonics & Drugs

Antidiabetic Medicine
Honey
Ayurvedic Tablets
Pain Relief Oil
Massage Oil

Clinical Diagnostic Instruments

Blood Pressure Monitor

Pulse Oximeter
Patient Monitoring Devices
Stethoscope
Portable Patient Monitors

Hospital & Medical Furniture

 Hospital Furniture
Hospital Bed
Hospital Tables
Operating Table
Stretcher

Herbal Extracts Manufacturers

Natural Herbal Extract

Natural Extract
Organic Herbal Extracts
Flax Seed
Fruit Extracts

Forceps & Graspers

Tweezers
Medical Forceps
Surgical Forcep
Stainless Steel Surgical Instruments
Veterinary Instruments

Pharmaceutical Machinery & Equipment

Vibro Sifter
Multi Mill
Capsule Filling Machines
Pharmaceutical Machinery Parts
Rapid Mixer Granulator

Medical & Surgical Clothing

Surgical Gloves
Hospital Uniforms
Nitrile Gloves
Medical Masks
Examination Gloves

Cardiovascular Drugs & Medication

Anti Asthma Drug

Ephedrine Hydrochloride
Cardiovascular Drug

 Antidiabetic Drug
Antihypertensive Drug

Fitness Clubs and Beauty Parlours

Beauty Services
Yoga Classes
Spa Service
Hair Treatments
Bridal Make Up Services

Medical Sterilizers & Autoclaves

Autoclaves
Cold Rooms
Sterilizers
Laboratory Ovens
Lab Incubator

Bandages & Dressing Disposables

 Bandages
Surgical Dressing
Medical Bandage
Gauze Swab
Hospital Dressings

Infusion Syringes & Supplies

Syringes
Medical Tubes
Catheter
Syringe Pump
Disposable Syringes

Herbal & Ayurvedic Medical Services

Ayurvedic Treatment
Alternative Medical Services
Ayurvedic Massage
Homeopathy Treatment
Panchakarma Treatment Services

Ayurvedic & Herbal Products

Natural Honey
Ayurvedic Powders
Ayurvedic Churna
Herbal Tonics
Neem Powder

Eye Diagnosis & Surgery Instruments

Ophthalmic Equipment
Ophthalmic Surgical Instruments
Slit Lamp
Eye Testing Equipment
Keratometer

Disposable & Other Optical Lenses

Contact Lenses
Optical Lens
Lenses

 Spectacle Lens
Ophthalmic Lenses

Pain Relief Drugs & Pharmaceuticals

Pain Killers
Paracetamol Tablets
Pain Relief Drug
Pain Reliever
Tramadol Tablets

Brain & Nervous System Drugs

Adderall Tablets
Methaqualone
Ethylphenidate
Modafinil
Antidepressant

Healthcare Products & Aids

 Scalar Energy Pendant

Adult Diapers
Detox Foot Patches
Blood Circulation Machine
Bio Energy Card

Urological & Obstetrics Instruments

Urology Equipment
Pregnancy Test Kits
Gynecology Instrument
Foley Catheters
Gynaecological Equipment

Animal Medicines & Health Care

Veterinary Medicines
Animal Care Centres
Veterinary Drugs
Veterinary Clinic
Dog Training Services

ENT Surgical Equipment & Supplies

Hearing Aids
Laryngoscope
ENT Equipment
Otoscope
ENT Instrument

Digestive System Drugs & Medicines

Promethazine Syrup
Liver Tonic
Liver Capsule
Digestive Enzyme Syrup
Digestive Capsules

TB, Tumor & Cancer Drugs

Anti Cancer Medicines

Anti Cancer Injection
Oncology Drug

 Cardiac Drugs
Geftinat Tablet

Wheel Chairs, Crutches and Walker

Wheelchairs
Walking Stick
Adjustable Walker
Walking Aids
Power Wheelchair

Pharma & Bioanalytical Services

Clinical Trial Services

Life Science Service
Clinical Research Services
Pharmaceutical Testing Services
Biomedical Engineering Services

Hospital & Medical Lights

 Operation Theatre Lights

UV Lamps
Surgical Light
Infrared Lamp
Ceiling OT Lights

Diagnostic Imaging & Pathology Labs

Pathological Services
X-Ray Services
Pathology Laboratory
Diagnostic Imaging Services
Blood Testing

Immunization & Vaccination Drugs

Sofosbuvir
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Immunosuppressive Drugs
Rabies Vaccine
Hepatitis A Vaccine

http://dir.indiamart.com/industry/medical-pharma.html

1.5 TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

It is not surprising anymore that when you visit your doctor or physician, you may
find him using an iPad to note or store your medical records. Rapidly transforming
medical technology and the availability of technology diagnostic and therapeutic
equipment together with changing practice pattern of doctors has revolutionized
the way health care is being delivered today.

The technology shift has cast itself over the field of healthcare, bringing with it a
digital transformation in the way doctors and patients interact. The integration of
information technology and network have now become the centre of the "new era"
where both, digital and human aspects, are pivotal to the complete patient
experience.
Today, patient care experiences are top of the mind in the healthcare industry
across the globe. According to a report by Frost and Sullivan, India's healthcare
information technology market is expected to hit $1.45 billion in 2018, more than
three times the $381.3 million reached in 2012.
Due to the increasing convergence of technology and healthcare, there is a huge
opportunity for providers to improve the patient experience and operate more
efficiently due to augmented association and information sharing among providers.
Healthcare technology solutions are able to modernise medical care, reduce costs,
avoid redundant or duplicate tests /procedures and mechanise manual processes.
For instance, in the e?ective treatment of cancer it is critical to track the patient's
progress over days, months and years. Now medical institutions can store medical
images and patient records electronically, which can be instantly compared to
previous images. These images can be quickly shared between consultants and
remain highly available during the course of the diagnosis and treatment.
The increased adoption of telemedicine, HIS, electronic health records, mHealth,
and web-based services has made digital patient data expand, demanding the
deployment of robust IT infrastructure in Indian healthcare organisations. It has
amplified growth in data, digitization trends in health information and electronic
medical records.

Improvements in collaborative data exchange, workflows and mobility, and need

for better financial management are the next phase of technological evolution in
healthcare. In addition, the shift to mobile devices, wireless technology and cloud
computing will reduce system costs and improve workflows.
A cancer institute and research centre like Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute provides
high-quality diagnostic, treatment and multi-disciplinary care for patients with
cancer. Today medical institutes are at the forefront of enabling number of
healthcare technology initiatives to enhance the delivery of a range of healthcare.
The introduction of a hospital information system (HIS), picture archival and
communications system (PACS), and electronic health record system (EHR) have
led to rapidly increasing volumes of data. Also, due to the unpredictable nature of
cancer progression, patient records need to remain readily accessible as a patient
may visit us the next day, a few weeks, and maybe even 10 years later.
This means the data containing patient medical records and images needs to remain
highly available rather than becoming less accessible within archival solutions
such as tape libraries. To deliver patient needs at forefront of technology-enabled
healthcare and meet the capacity demands of data-intensive medical images and
records, we required highly available storage platform to meet the expanding data
needs of our medical systems.
When we deployed the Dell Compellent storage solution and Dell PowerEdge
servers, we were able to double their storage capacity which provided a compelling
price-performance ratio. The storage solution has improved business agility in
responding to the needs of their consultants, technicians, and nursing sta? because
the centre can project storage allocation more accurately, the IT team can be highly
responsive to user requests.
One of the key pillars of health transformation is being able to refine access to the
best healthcare for a larger segment of the population. The implementation of
technology is a cost-effective and compelling method to connect clinics in the
cities as well as rural regions. Although there are healthcare challenges we are
facing today, the good news is that we have innovative solutions to help address
these formidable challenges.

Technology advancements in healthcare informatics, telemedicine, HIS, electronic

health records, remote diagnostic and therapeutic tools have pivoted the first step
towards tech enabled healthcare and can be further leveraged to effect new
modalities of healthcare.
Today, healthcare organizations need to streamline their IT infrastructure, to be
able to provide simple, quicker and more efficient healthcare service or delivery.
The healthcare solutions promote a new productivity model whereby the ultimate
winner is the patient, who will now have instant equitable access to the best
clinical expertise.
The writer is CIO, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre.
Source:
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-0402/news/48801172_1_indian-healthcare-collaborative-data-exchange-healthcareinformation-technology-market time: 9.15 pm

Emerging trends in Indian healthcare - Technology to become a Core Function

Wipro Experts
Posted by Sreenath A.V
Comments (0)
September 11th, 2012

Technology will be a game changer in the manner in which healthcare services will
be delivered in India. The private sector will be the major driving force behind
technology adoption in the Indian healthcare segment. To optimize costs and
effectively manage operations, IT solutions will become an integral part of process
management, patient care and the management information system (MIS) in
hospitals. With the health insurance sector poised for major growth in the coming
decade, increasing demand from this sector for more efficient systems for storage
and retrieval of information will put pressure on hospitals and other healthcare
providers to imbibe technology to modernize existing infrastructure.

The convergence of healthcare with upcoming technologies such as cloud

computing and wireless technologies will play a key role in improving accessibility
and meeting the challenge of manpower shortage. The coming years are expected
to witness greater deployment of tools such as telemedicine, teleradiology, hospital
information systems (HIS)/hospital management information systems (HMIS),
online or electronic medical records (EMR), etc.
The healthcare sector is poised to embrace cloud computing in a big way in the
coming decade. Cost-effective cloud-based solutions are expected to drive
increased adoption of HMIS and EMRs. The various benefits that can be derived,
such as easy accessibility irrespective of geographical location, fewer errors, fast
response in times of emergencies, patient convenience, among others, will drive
increased adoption.
To drive improved efficiencies, more hospitals are likely to seek automation for
their workforce management, administration, finance, billing, patient records and
pharmacies. Along with the growing popularity of digitization in hospitals, market
penetration of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is likely to
increase further in the coming years.
The exhibit below indicates the factors that will drive demand for increased
technology adoption going forward.

Source http://www.wipro.com/blogs/emerging-trends-in-indian-healthcaretechnology-to-become-a-core-function/ 9.18