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Subject: Mathematics
Term: 3
CONTENT STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
LGP 2: Bring Christian perspectives to bear on human understanding, skills and values of the learners.
LGP 3:Are dynamic and encourage differentiation, diversity and synergy amongst learners that are
friendly, caring and respectful.
LGP 4: Ensure that learners translate knowledge into something useful in actual practice for the
betterment of society.
LGP 5: Prepare learners to participate responsibly in the world of work, family, community, nation, and
church.
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING:
Students will understand that ...
Exponential and logarithmic functions have corresponding properties.
Logarithms can be used to solve exponential equations; and conversely, exponents can be used to solve
logarithmic equations.
Exponential functions are widely used in real world, such as situations modeled by exponential growth
(appreciation) or decay (depreciation), in finance and banking (investments, credit cards, loans and their use of
compound interest), to the study of biological populations and their rates of growth (half-life), and even in
archaeology and paleontology and carbon dating.
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
Logarithms occur in the physical and biological sciences, in education, in statistics, and economics, to name a
few. Logarithms are extremely useful for computational purposes and can allow one to find the value of an
unknown exponent, previously only attainable through guess-work.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
Students will find the answer to the question
How are exponential and logarithmic functions related?
How can exponential and logarithmic functions be used to simplify solutions to real-life problems?
ACQUISITION GOALS:
Competencies (DepEd Code):
KNOWLEDGE
PROCESS
B. Logarithmic Functions:
Definition ; Graph; Properties;
Laws of Logarithms; Conversion;
Logarithmic Equations; Common
and Natural Logarithms;
Logarithms to Other Bases
B. Logarithmic Functions:
Definition ; Graph; Properties;
Laws of Logarithms; Conversion;
Logarithmic Equations; Common
and Natural Logarithms;
Logarithms to Other Bases
UNDERSTANDING
C. Applications: Solve Word
Problems
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
LEVEL 2
Open Prompt
LEVEL 3
Guided Transfer
LEVEL 4
Independent Transfer
Students will
independently use their
learning to show their own
understanding on the basic
concepts of exponential
and logarithmic equations
in a product or
performance where they
will write a report or
proposal for the best
investment option for their
money, in consideration of
the following factors: 1)
interest rate, 2)
compounding periods
(quarterly, monthly, or
daily) and, 3) length of
contract (1 year, 2 year,
etc.) that the different
banks offer.
KNOWLEDGE
PROCESS
UNDERSTANDING
PRODUCT/
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
Pre
Assessment/Diagnos
tic
Online Pre-test
(Google forms)
Teacher-made
Worksheets
Teacher-made
Worksheets
Formative
Mental Drills
Teacher-made
Worksheets
Graphic Organizer
Teacher-made
Worksheets
Teacher-made
worksheets
Summative
Assessment
Online Posttest
(Google Forms)
Assessments
Assessment
Self-Assessment
A written report or
proposal for the best
investment option for
their money, in
consideration of the
following factors: 1)
interest rate, 2)
compounding
periods (quarterly,
monthly, or daily)
and, 3) length of
contract (1 year, 2
year, etc.) that the
different banks offer.
Performance
Task Reflection
BLENDED ACTIVITIES/TOOLS
ENVIRONMENT
ATTRIBUTES
ACTIVE
FACE-TO-FACE
E-LEARNING
COLLABORATIVE
CONSTRUCTIVE
Preparation of a presentation of at
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
AUTHENTIC
GOAL-DIRECTED
B.
Discussion
upkeep
At the start of the unit, the teacher will hook the students by saying that the end goal of the unit is that students
will find the answer to the questions
How are exponential and logarithmic functions related?
How can exponential and logarithmic functions be used to simplify solutions to real-life problems?
They will also be informed that if they will understand the basic concepts of exponential and logarithmic functions,
then they will show their understanding on their own in a product or performance where they will write a report or
proposal for the best investment option for their money, in consideration of the following factors: 1) interest rate,
2) compounding periods (quarterly, monthly, or daily) and, 3) length of contract (1 year, 2 year, etc.) that the
different banks offer.
II. INTERACTION
DAY 2/WEEK 1 (Date: January 19-22, 2016)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the period, the students are expected to:
1. Define an exponential function.
2. Illustrate the graphs of exponential functions.
3. Identify the properties of an exponential function.
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
Amount of Time
(in minutes)
Number of Bacteria
16
The amount of time is the independent variable while the number of bacteria being produced is the
dependent variable.
A function y = 2x can represent the given situation.
This example is exponential in nature and is said to be an increasing function or an exponential growth .
3. The students (in pairs) will be asked to draw the graph of the function y = 2 x using Desmos.
-3
-2
-1
1/8
1/4
1/2
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
1
2
()
-3
-2
-1
1/2
1/4
1/8
4. VALUES INTEGRATION: The students will be asked if they believe in the saying, THE MORE, THE
MERRIER. After which, they will be asked to watch this video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=pdlKVfk7_iQ . The worlds population is growing exponentially, as Lasallians, how can you contribute in your
own way to help address this problem?
5. The students will be given a teacher-made worksheet, Activity Sheet 1, for their assignment.
DAY 1/WEEK 2 (Date: January 25-29, 2016)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the period, the students are expected to:
1. Identify the laws of exponents.
2. Simplify expressions using laws of exponents.
A. Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Checking of attendance, Classroom upkeep
B. Discussion
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
1. In pairs, the students will be asked to answer Activity Sheet 2, where they need to simplify expressions
involving laws of exponents. This is to assess if students still remember laws of exponents. After 10
minutes, students will be asked to discuss their answers with another pair.
2. The students will be asked to watch a video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1wKTiBTsfk , about Laws
of Exponents. They will be asked to countercheck their work with the given examples.
3. The class will be guided in summarizing the different laws of exponents.
4. The students will be given a teacher-made worksheet, Activity Sheet 3, for their assignment.
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
B. The students will be given a 10-15 minute review before they take the summative assessment.
DAY 1/WEEK 3 (Date: February 1-5, 2016)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the period, the students are expected to:
1. Define a logarithmic function.
2. Illustrate the graphs of logarithmic functions.
3. Identify the properties of a logarithmic function.
4. Convert exponential and logarithmic equations.
A. Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Attendance checking, Classroom upkeep
B. Discussion
1. The following concepts should be discussed:
a. A function is a special kind of a relation between two sets, X and Y, such that for every element in set X
there is exactly one element associated in set Y.
b. The inverse of a function (denoted by f-1) is a function/ relation whose domain is the range of the given
function and whose range is the domain. To solve for the inverse of a function/relation, interchange the
variables x and y in the defining equation y = f(x), then solve for y in terms of x.
c. To find the inverse of the exponential function, y = a x
Exponential Function
y=
Inverse function
ax
x = ay
You will notice that
exponential function
exponent to which
order to obtain the
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
The inverse of the exponential function above is called logarithmic function. The function is defined
by the equation
The equation of a logarithmic function is read as y is the logarithm of x to the base a. Take note
that in the notation, a is the base, x is the power and y is the exponent to which a is raised in order to
obtain x.
2. The students will be asked to watch a video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_PiPfYxtao, showing how
the graphs of exponential function and logarithmic functions are related. After watching the video the
students will be asked to share the important concepts they learned.
To draw the graph of y = log2x, recall the graph of y = 2x. Flip the graph of y = 2x about the line y = x, which is
the axis of symmetry. You should be able to observe that the two graphs contain the following integral
-3
-2
-1
1/8
1/4
1/2
y = 2x
1/8
1/4
1/2
y = log2x
-3
-2
-1
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
a. The properties of the first graph illustrates the properties of logarithmic functions in the form y = a x, a >
1. The domain is the set of all positive real numbers and the range are all real numbers.
2. The x-intercept is (1. 0) and its asymptote is the y-axis.
3. The function is positive for all x greater than 1 and negative for all x less than 1.
4. The function is increasing.
b. The properties of the second graph illustrates the following properties of logarithmic functions in the form
y = ax, 0 < a < 1.
1. The domain is the set of all positive real numbers and the range are all real numbers.
2. The x-intercept is (1. 0) and its asymptote is the y-axis
3. The function is negative for all x greater than 1 and positive for all x less than 1.
4. The function is decreasing.
3. The students will be shown an IPad application (MathToonsMedia), showing how to convert exponential form
to logarithmic form.
The students will be reminded that it is often helpful to know how to convert an exponential equation to a
logarithmic equation and vice versa. However, they have to note that the domain of the logarithmic
function is restricted to values greater than zero, therefore, exponential equations with a negative base
cannot be converted into a logarithmic equation.
4. The students will be asked to answer one of the essential questions by filling out the given graphic organizer.
How are exponential and logarithmic functions related?
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
M ax
x y
= =a
N ay
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
M
M
=a x y log a
=x y
N
N
( )
By substitution,
From the derivation, the logarithm of the quotient of two numbers is the difference of the
logarithms of the dividend and the divisor.
C. The Logarithm of a Power
Let M = ax.
By the Law of Exponents for a Power, Mk = (ax)k.
By definition of logarithmic function,
M = ax logaM = x, and
Mk = (ax)k logaMk = xk.
By substitution, logaMk = klogaM
From the derivation, the logarithm of the k th power of a number is k times the logarithm of
the number.
2. The students will be given Activity Sheet 7, where they will simplify expressions using the different
properties of logarithms.
3. They will be given Activity Sheet 8 as their assignment.
DAY 3/WEEK 3 (Date: February 1-5, 2016)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the period, the students are expected to:
1. Answer the 22-item (32 points) summative assessment about logarithmic function, its graph and properties;
laws of logarithms.
Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Attendance checking, Classroom upkeep
The students will be given a 10-15 minute review before they take the summative assessment.
DAY 1/WEEK 4 (Date: February 8-12, 2016)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the period, the students are expected to:
1. Define logarithmic equations.
2. Solve logarithmic equations.
Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Attendance checking, Classroom upkeep
Discussion
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
x 3 =81
x = 36
x = 729
Check:
If x = 729, then 7292/3 = (36)2/3 = 34 = 81
x = 729.
3. log4 (5x + 4) = 3
5x + 4 = 43
5x + 4 = 64
5x = 64 4
5x = 60
x= 60/5
x = 12
Check:
If x = 5, then log4 [5(12) + 4] = log4 (60 + 4) = log4 64 = 3.
x=5
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
x = - 5 or x = 3
Check:
If x = - 5, then log (2x2 - 7x 9) = log [2(-5)2 - 7(-5) 9]
= log [2(25) + 35 9]
= log (50 + 35 9)
= log 76
and log (x2 - 9x + 6) = log [(-5)2 - 9(-5) + 6]
= log (25 + 45 + 6)
= log 76.
Hence, x = - 5 is a solution
If x = 3, then log (2x2 - 7x 9) = log [2(3)2 - 7(3) 9]
= log [2(9) 21 9]
= log (18 21 9)
= log (-12)
Hence, x = 3 is not a root since logarithms is defined only for positive number.
x = -5 is the only solution.
Notice that to solve problems 1 to 3 the logarithmic equations were first transformed into exponential
equations.
3. The students will be given Activity Sheet # 9 as assignment.
DAY 2 and 3/WEEK 4 (Date: February 8-12, 2016)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the period, the students are expected to:
1. Identify real-life situations using exponential and logarithmic functions.
Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Attendance checking, Classroom upkeep
Discussion
1. The students will be grouped into 4. Each group will be asked to identify at least 5 real-life situations where
exponential and logarithmic functions are applied or used. They will be required to prepare a presentation
using any medium (PowerPoint, collage, etc.). This will be presented to the class the following meeting.
The students work will be graded using a rubric.
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Scheme A
10,150
10,300
10,450
Scheme B
10,150
10,302.25
10,456.78
2. The students will be informed that compound interest is an example of an exponential function.
The compound interest is given by:
A=P( 1+r)t
where
P is the principal
A is the amount after t years
r is the interest rate
n is the number of times interest is compounded in a year
(n = 2 if semi-annually; n = 4 if quarterly, n = 12 if monthly.)
Example 1: Suppose Php 4,000 principal is invested at 6% interest and yield Php 5353. For how many years
was it invested?
We use the formula
A=P(1+r)t .
1+ 0.06
5353=4000
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
A= A 0
where
1
2
()
t
n
Example 2. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 4 days. Initially, there are 20
grams present in a container.
Use the half-life formula to compute the amount of substance left after 32 days.
4. The students will be asked to answer the other Essential Question using any of the two graphic organizers
below.
How can exponential and logarithmic functions be used to simplify solutions to real-life problems?
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
OBJECTIVES:
1. Answer the _-item (_points) summative assessment about solving logarithmic equations and solving real-life
situations involving exponential and logarithmic functions.
A. Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Attendance checking, Classroom upkeep
B .The students will be given a 10-15 minute review before they take the summative assessment.
DAY 2/WEEK 5 (Date: February 22-26, 2016)
OBJECTIVES:
1. Answer the 20-item (20 points) posttest about exponential and logarithmic functions.
A. Classroom Routine: Opening prayer, Greetings, Attendance checking, Classroom upkeep
B .The students will be given a 10-15 minute review before they take the posttest.
III.
INTEGRATION
UNIT: MATHEMATICS
Algebra 2 with Trigonometry, Smith, Charles, Dossey, Bittinger, Prentice Hall, 2003, pages 514-563
Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry, and Statistics, Ruivivar, Sibs Publishing House, 2014, pages
180-236
e-math Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry Teachers Manual, Oronce, Mendoza, Rex
Bookstore, pages 16-24