Seminar Container Securing on Container Vessels

Part 1
University of Ljubljana
May 11, 2012 Portoroz

Why pay keen attention to container securing?

Forces acting on container stack

Wind load (only for wind exposed container on deck).
Acceleration caused by vessel movement at sea.

Forces acting on container stack

Wind load for exposed container on deck
(acc GL rules and regulations for 86
(acc.
8 6 container).
container)

20 Container

40 Container

15 kN

30 kN

2nd. tier

15 kN

30 kN

1st. tier

30 kN

60 kN

Forces acting on container stack

Transverse acceleration bq
(acc GL rules and regulations)
(acc.
regulations).
bq

bq

1,00

1,00

0,95

0,95

0,90

0,90

08
0,85

08
0,85

0,80

0,80

0,75

0,75

transverse acceleration bq on
weather deck GM=1
GM=1,52m
52m

0,70

0,70

0,65

0,65

0 60
0,60

0 60
0,60
transverse acc. bq below
weather deck GM=1,52m

0,55

0,55

0,50

0,50
0

02
0,2

04
0,4
distance from AP

06
0,6

08
0,8

Resulting forces applied to container

Racking force A
Transverse force applied
pp
to container end and door frames.
=> Can be reduced by using diagonal lashing elements.
Lifting
g force
o ce B
Vertical tension force applied to container corners, absorbed
by Twistlocks.
=> Can be reduced by using diagonal / vertical lashing
elements.
Post load C
Vertical compression force applied to container posts.
=> Container weights have to be reduced.
Lashing load D
Load in the lashing element.
=>
> Can be red
reduced
ced b
by using
sing additional diagonal lashing
elements.

A
B

Forces acting on container stack

Permissible resulting forces on container

GL

LR

BV

ABS

DNV

R ki fforce
Racking

150 kN 150 kN 150 kN 150 kN 150 kN

Lifting force

250 kN 250 kN 250 kN 250 kN 250 kN

Post load

848 kN 848 kN 848 kN 848 kN 864 kN

Lashing load
- Long lashing
245 kN 245 kN 245 kN 245 kN 245 kN
- Short lashing
230 kN 230 kN 230 kN 230 kN 230 kN
(depends on the
lashing angle)

Red values => working load = proof load!

Values valid for 20`/40` container acc. ISO 1496-1, 1990.

Typical Container Accidents

Typical container damages

Excessive racking forces

Typical container damages

Excessive post load

Typical container damages

Excessive lifting forces

Typical container damages

Certification of container securing equipment

Type Approval Certificate
No connection to one specific project.
Available for standard products.
Class batch test for 2-3 % of each product
of a ship
p set up
p to defined p
proof load.
Valid for limited period of time (4-5 years).
Case by case approval
For project specific equipment design.
Class batch test for several peaces of
each product of a ship set up to defined
breaking load.

Cargo Securing Manual

Class approved document required for all container vessels with class
notation. Has to be kept on board!
Vessel specific. Following class and IMO rules and regulations.
Provides stowage and securing instructions for each container bay / stack:
Principal stowage pattern
Principal
c pa lashing
as g patte
pattern
Vertical weight distribution
Permissible stack weights
Max.
Max meta-centric height value (GM)
Includes material list and class certificates for all container securing
equipment on board
board.
Contains handling and maintenance instructions for securing devices.

Cargo Securing Manual

Cargo Securing Manual

Calculation examples

Mass shifting

6.0

6.0

30.5

12.0

9.5

12.0

12 0
12.0

10 0
10.0

12 0
12.0

13.0

16.0

13.0

16.0

20.0

16.0

30 5
30.5

28 0
28.0

60
6.0

30.5

30.5

30.5

120 t

120 t

120 t

Tier

Approved
stowage

Proper deviating
stowage

Permissible
value

Improper deviating
stowage

overload

Racking force

99 kN

90 kN

150 kN

166 kN

Lifting force

239 kN

217 kN

250 kN

583 kN

Post load

846 kN

826 kN

848 kN

1235 kN

Calculation examples
Wrong lashing

6.0

6.0

6.0

12.0

12.0

12.0

12 0
12.0

12 0
12.0

12 0
12.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

30 5
30.5

30 5
30.5

30 5
30.5

30.5

30.5

30.5

120 t

120 t

120 t

Tier

Approved
stowage

Permissible
value

Improper deviating
stowage 1

Improper deviating
stowage 2

overload

Racking force

99 kN

150 kN

99 / 154 kN (tier 1)

99 kN

X /

Lifting force

239 kN

250 kN

339 kN

187 kN

X /

Post load

846 kN

848 kN

847 kN

852 kN

/ X

Calculation examples

Additional wind force

6.0

6.0

12.0

12.0

12 0
12.0

12 0
12.0

13.0

13.0

16.0

16.0

30 5
30.5

30 5
30.5

30.5

30.5

120 t

120 t

Tier

Approved
stowage

Permissible
value

Improper deviating
stowage

overload

Racking force

99 kN

150 kN

151 kN

Lifting force

239 kN

250 kN

508 kN

Post load

846 kN

848 kN

1148 kN

Calculation examples

Empty container

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

35
3.5

35
3.5

4.0

3.5

10.0

3.5

30 5
30.5

35
3.5

30.5

3.5

85.5 t

24.5 t

Tier

Approved
stowage

Permissible
value

Improper deviating
stowage

Racking force

134 kN

150 kN

63 kN

Lifting force

250 kN

250 kN

340 kN

Post load

714 kN

848 kN

638 kN

overload

Calculation examples

Additional Bridge Fittings

3.5

6.5

3.5

6.5

3.5

6.5

3.5

6.5

5.0

15.0

5.0

15.0

12.0

24.0

12.0

24.0

30.5

24.0

30.5

24.0

30.5

24.0

30.5

24.0

85.0 t 100.0 t

Ti
Tier

Approved
A
d stowage
t
without
ith t
Bridge Fittings
Outmost stack

Inner stack

85.0 t 100.0 t

Permissible
P
i ibl
Value

IImproper deviating
d i ti
stowage
t
with Bridge Fittings
Outmost stack

Inner stack

overload
l d

Racking force

144 kN

122 kN

150 kN

142 kN

123 kN

Lifting force

250 kN

250 kN

250 kN

224 kN

263 kN

Post load

832 kN

840 kN

848 kN

812 kN

850 kN

Inspection & maintenance

Visual inspection of complete container securing equipment at fixed
intervals acc
acc. companys
company s Safety Management Manual
Manual.
Inspection and maintenance actions should be documented in the Cargo
g Manual record-book.
Securing

Contact

Head Office Germany,

Germany Bremen
German Lashing Robert Bck GmbH
Markus Theuerholz
Marcusallee 9 D-28359 Bremen Germany
Fon: +49-421-17361-63
+49 421 17361 63 Fax: +49-421-17361-97
+49 421 17361 97
E-Mail: mth@germanlashing.de
Internet: www.germanlashing.de