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Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45
Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
b Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
c Faculty of Dentistry, School for Dental Technology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549,
Japan
d Department of Conservative Dentistry, Floor 25, Kings College London Dental Institute at Guys, Kings and St. Thomas Hospitals,
Kings College London, London Bridge, London SE1-9RT, UK
a r t i c l e
i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Objectives. To evaluate and compare bond strengths of different primers and resin cements
Methods. Silica-based and zirconia ceramic specimens were ground at with #600-grit SiC
paper. The ceramic surfaces were airborne-particle abraded and then divided into 11 groups
of seven each: untreated (control); and conditioned with one of the six primers in combination with a resin cement from the same manufacturer as follows: Bistite II/Tokuso Ceramic
Keywords:
Primer, Linkmax/GC Ceramic Primer, RelyX ARC/RelyX Ceramic Primer, Panavia F 2.0/Clearl
Zirconia ceramic
Ceramic Primer, and Resicem/Shofu Porcelain Primer and Resicem/AZ Primer. Stainless steel
Silica-based ceramic
rods were bonded to the ceramic surfaces using one of the ve resin cements. After 24-h
Resin cement
water storage, the tensile bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine and
Primer
Acidic monomer
Results. Conditioning with primers containing a silane coupling agent (all the primers except
For zirconia ceramic, Resicem/AZ Primer exhibited signicantly higher bond strength than
Failure mode
the other groups except Panavia F 2.0/Clearl Ceramic Primer. The predominant failure mode
of the groups conditioned with primers containing a phosphonic acid monomer (AZ Primer)
or a phosphate ester monomer (Clearl Ceramic Primer and Tokuso Ceramic Primer) was
cohesive failure in cements whereas that with the other primers was adhesive failure at the
zirconia surfaces.
Signicance. The use of primers containing a silane coupling agent improved resin bonding
to silica-based ceramic. On the other hand, the use of primers containing a phosphonic acid
monomer or a phosphate ester monomer improved resin bonding to zirconia ceramic.
2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Corresponding author at: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and
Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5803 5483; fax: +81 3 5803 0195.
E-mail address: nuevo centro@yahoo.co.jp (S. Kitayama).
0109-5641/$ see front matter 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.159
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 6 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 426432
1.
Introduction
427
2.
2.1.
2.2.
428
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 6 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 426432
Batch no.
0507121
18001459
Composition
Leucite glass-ceramics
Zirconium dioxide: 92 wt%
Yttrium trioxide: 5.0 wt%
Hafnium dioxide: <2.0 wt%
2.3.
Manufacturer
GC, Tokyo, Japan
Degudent, Hanau, Germany
Statistical analysis
3.
Results
3.1.
Code
Batch no.
Bistite II
BII
001037
TCP
003037
Linkmax
LM
A-Paste: 0612052
GC Ceramic Primer
GCP
RelyX ARC
RX
A-Primer: 0608072
B-Primer: 0608072
FLGE
RCP
PF
6XK
A-Paste: 0255AB
B-Paste: 0133AA
CCP
0001BA
Resicem
RS
010701
SPP
AZP
010701
010701
Composition
Dimethacrylate, MAC-10,
silica-zirconia, initiator
Silane coupling agent, phosphate
ester monomer, alcohol
UDMA, methacrylated phosphoric
acid esters, silica ller,
uoro-almino-silicate glass,
initiators, pigment
UDMA, methacrylated phosphoric
acid esters, silica ller,
uoro-almino-silicate glass,
initiators, pigment
Silane coupling agent, ethanol
UDMA, MMA, organic acid, ethanol
Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, functionalized
DMA, silane-treated ceramic and
silica llers
A silane, ethanol, water
Methacrylate, MDP, quartz-glass,
microller, photoinitiator
Methacrylate, barium glass,
sodium uoride, chemical initiator
3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl
methacrylate, MDP, ethanol
UDMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, 4-AET,
uoroaluminosilicateglass,
initiator, others
-MPS, ethanol, others
6-MHPA, acetone, others
Manufacturer
Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan
MAC-10, 10-methacryloyloxydecamethylene malonic acid; UDMA, urethane dimethacrylate; MMA, methyl methacrylate; Bis-GMA,
bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate; TEGDMA, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate; DMA, aliphatic dimethacrylate; MDP, 10methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; HEMA, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; 4-AET, 4-acryloxyethyltrimellitic acid; -MPS, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; 6-MHPA, 6-methacryloxyhexylphosphonoacetate.
429
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 6 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 426432
Table 3 Tensile bond strengths to GN-1 Ceramic Block and Cercon Base (MPa).
Resin cement
Treatment
Cercon Base
Bistite II
NO
Tokuso Ceramic Primer
7.7 (1.1)
19.5 (3.8)
9.9 (2.0)
14.8 (2.1)
Linkmax
NO
GC Ceramic Primer
15.9 (2.8)
23.2 (2.4)
9.5 (1.4)
15.1 (3.0)
RelyX ARC
NO
RelyX Ceramic Primer
7.8 (1.1)
13.7 (2.4)
7.1 (2.2)
14.0 (1.6)
Panavia F 2.0
NO
Clearl Ceramic Primer
11.5 (2.3)
19.5 (4.0)
10.9 (2.5)
19.1 (2.9)
Resicem
NO
Shofu Porcelain Primer
AZ Primer
7.9 (2.2)
21.1 (2.9)
9.1 (1.8)
9.8 (1.4)
15.6 (2.7)
22.3 (4.6)
Table 4 Summary of the statistical analysis of the bond strengths to GN-1 Ceramic Block using ANOVA supplemented
with Dunnetts T3 test.
Cement
Treatment
Cement
Bistite II
NO
TCP
Linkmax
NO
GCP
RelyX ARC
NO
RCP
Panavia F 2.0
NO
CCP
Resicem
NO
Bistite II
NO
TCP
NO
GCP
Linkmax
NO
RCP
n.s.
RelyX ARC
n.s.
n.s.
Panavia F
2.0
NO
CCP
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
NO
SPP
AZP
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
Resicem
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
SPP
AZP
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
p < 0.05.
Table 5 Summary of the statistical analysis of the bond strengths to Cercon Base using ANOVA supplemented with
Tukeys HSD test.
Cement
Treatment
Cement
Bistite II
NO
TCP
Linkmax
NO
GCP
Bistite II
NO
TCP
NO
GCP
n.s.
Linkmax
n.s.
NO
RCP
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
RelyX ARC
Panavia F
2.0
NO
CCP
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
Resicem
NO
SPP
AZP
p < 0.05.
RelyX ARC
NO
RCP
Panavia F 2.0
NO
CCP
Resicem
NO
SPP
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
n.s.
*
*
AZP
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d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 6 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 426432
Table 6 Fracture mode of GN-1 Ceramic Block and Cercon Base (%). Showing the percentage distributions of adhesive
failures (A) and cohesive failures in cements (C-C).
Resin cement
Treatment
Cercon Base
C-C
C-C
Bistite II
NO
Tokuso Ceramic Primer
100
0
0
100
81.42
4.28
18.58
95.72
Linkmax
NO
GC Ceramic Primer
100
0
0
100
100
94.28
0
5.72
RelyX ARC
NO
RelyX Ceramic Primer
100
95.7
100
100
0
0
Panavia F 2.0
NO
Clearl Ceramic Primer
100
0
Resicem
NO
Shofu Porcelain Primer
AZ Primer
100
22.86
91.43
3.2.
Fracture mode
0
4.3
0
100
4.
0
77.14
8.57
5.71
2.85
94.29
97.15
100
85.71
2.85
0
14.29
97.15
Discussion
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 6 ( 2 0 1 0 ) 426432
5.
Conclusions
431
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant for the Global Center of
Excellence (GCOE) Program, International Research Center for
Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases at Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The authors would like to thank
all named companies for providing the materials used in this
study.
references
432
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