Disk management

Disk management for administering or managing Hard Disk

Drives. Using this we can create, delete, modify, partitions and volumes.
We can also implement software rate, and disk analysis.

File systems
File systems provide hierarchical structure where operating systems are identified and revives the
file back file systems are integrated with operating systems
Ex: - fat16, fat32 NTFS (EFS)
Fat: - file allocation table
NTFS: - new technology file system
EFS: - encrypted file system
The basic different between fat and NTFS is security

Difference Between NTFS & FAT

New Technology File System (NTFS) .
File Allocation Table (FAT).
K=1000
Eg:
W2k3=windows2003 (k=1000)
NTFS
1)allows access local to w2k,w2k3,XP,win NT4 with SP4 & later may get access for somefile.
2)Maximum size of partition is 2 Terabytes & more.
3) File & folder Encryption is possible only in NTFS.
FAT 32
1)Fat 32 Allows access to win 95,98,win millenium,win2k,xp on local partition.
2)Maximum size of partition 32 GB.
3) File & folder Encryption is not possible.
Important points:* We can convert file system from FAT to NTFS.
* But, not convert file system from NTFS to FAT.

Convert FAT to NTFS

->Run-cmd hit enter
Syntax: c:\> convert driveletter: /fs:ntfs
Eg:
C:\> CONVERT C: /fs:ntfs

Where C: is a name of the drive you want to convert

To verify file system:

-open my comuter
-select interested drive (like d: ,e: ..etc)
-rc to drive and properties

Disk management
Disk management is a tool or utility, which will manage the hard disk more efficiently
the newly purchase hard disk is call raw hard disk or pre formatted hard disk you cannot
stored the data directly on to the raw hard disk. Either create the partitions or format it with
suitable file systems partitioning is nothing but dividing the hard disk where as formatting is
nothing but creating the file systems.

Types of disk
Basic
Dynamic
Basic:- basic disk is which will follow industrial standard by partitioning and basic
disk is called partitioning and it supports all file Systems in 2000 and 2003 you can
create 4 partitions either four primary or three primary one extended in 98 you can
created only 2 partitions 1 primary and 1 extended.

Note: - you can install operating system only in basic disk

To extend the size of primary partition
Right click on my computer
Select manage
Select disk management
Create a primary partition
Providing the spaced
To extend the size of the partition
In command prompt
Disk part
List volume
Select volume 2
Extend size=1000
Mounting
Create mounting if all the drive letters are assigned for existing partitions or logical
drives mounting will allow in to create for the device with different names
Step
In one of the drive crate a folder and label it
Open computer management by right click on my computer and select manage
Create a partition
New partition
Check primary partition
Next
Allocate the space
Next
Check mount in following empty NTFS folder
Click on browse
Expand the drive
Select
The folder
Give ok
Next
Select the file system
Next
Finish
To confirm mounting
Open my computer as well as a drive

To create the partitions of another system prefer remote hard disk partition
bring in the current system you can connect remotely to another computer and create the
partitions
Steps
Open computer management window by right click on my select manage
Right click on computer management (local)
Select connect to another computer
Specify the computer name
Give ok
To create a partitions
Expand storage
Select disk management
And continue to create the partition
Dynamic
Dynamic disk is a disk, which will not follow industrial, standard while parting or
formatting it the storage unit is called as volumes and it does not support fat file system
you can convert from basic to dynamic without loss of data gut while converting from
dynamic to basic that is loss of data
On to dynamic disk, you can create five different Types of volumes
(1)
Simple volume
(2)
Spanned volume
(3)
Stripped volume (raid-0)
(4)
Mirror volume(raid-1)
(5)
Raid-5
(1)Simple volume:- simple volume can utilize only single dynamic disk it cannot span more
than one dynamic disk minimum is1 maximum is 1, in case of simple volume the read and
write speed will be normal and these is no fault tolerance even simple volumes are called
mirror volumes
Steps

Open computer management

Right click on the basic disk
Select convert to dynamic disk
Select convert to dynamic disk
Right click on the free space
Select new volume
Next
Check *simple (volume)
Next

Allocate the space

Next
Assign the drive letter
Next
Check *perform a quick format
Next
Finish

(2)Spanned volume:- in a simple volume is extended to one more dynamic disk there it
is called as spanned volume this type of volume can spanned multiple hard disk minimum
2, maximum 1 read and write speed will be normal and these is no fault tolerance in a
spanned volume the same drive letter is assigned on dynamic disk
Practical steps are same
(3)Stripped volume :- stripped volume can span multiple hard disk minimum2
maximum32 in case of stripped volume read and write speed will be fast because the data
which is return on the dynamic disk is symontenious there is no fault tolerance in stripped
volume the data methodology is stripping in stripped volume it will occupied equal
amount of space
Practical steps are same
(4): mirror volume: - mirror volume can span the dynamic disk minimum2, maximum2
in case of mirror volume the data that is return of to the first disk will be synchronizing
on to one more dynamic disk you can find fault tolerance in mirror volume
Practical steps are same
(5)Raid-5:- (redundant
of independent/inexpensive device):-to create raid-5
volumes the minimum dynamic disk where it is going to utilize is 3 dynamic disk raid- 5
volume will maintained parative bite which is nothing but it contains the information
about other to dynamic disk in raid-5 volume you can find fault tolerance.
Steps
To create raid-s volume
Check all the three dynamic disk
Right click on the free space
Select new volume
Next
Check raid-5
Next
Add all the three dynamic disk
Allocate the space
Next
Assign the drive letter
Next
Select the file system
Next

 Finish

DISK MANAGEMENT
To open Disk manager
Start run diskmgmt.msc
Or right click on my computer select manage.
Creation of a primary partition:
Start run diskmgmt.msc
Select free space (black color)
R/C -new partition select primary
Alter the size - select drive letter
Select the type of format ex: NTFS
Next finish.
Creating extended partition:
Start run diskmgmt.msc
Right click on free space
New partition next select extended partition
Dont alter the size - next finish
Creating Logical partitions:
Right click on the green color partition
New logical drive next alter the size
Next drive letter
Type of file system
Next finish
If we want to delete a partition, right click the partition and delete partition

Storage
Basic Disks partition primary partition extended Logical partitions
Dynamic disks: simple volume spanned volume stripped volume mirrored volume RAID

5v
Basic Disk: These are referred to partitions.
Using basic disks we can create partitions like primary, extended, logical.
Basic disks are useful for providing backward compatibility with older OS. Like DOS, 95, 98
etc..
Basic disks are useful while implementing clustering and when we want to have dual OS in our
computers.
Basic disks can have 1primary, 1 extended and logical partition
Or four primary or 3 primary 1 extended and so on.
Basic disks can be converted to dynamic disks

For converting it requires 1MB of free space.

Conversion of basic disk to dynamic:
We can convert form basic to dynamic but not vice versa.
Possible when we get advanced
Converting from basic to Dynamic: (requires 1MB of free space)
Go to disk management
Right click on the disk1
Convert to dynamic disk.
Volume: Volume is made up of free space club or merged for more than one H.D. volumes avoid
using of multiple drive letters or drives.
Easy to administer
Dynamic volume: Dynamic disks refer to volumes. Using dynamic disks we can implement and
extend volumes and implement raid.
Dynamic disk can be attached or detached on the file.
Simple Volumes: simple volumes are similar to partitions which can be created only one Hard
disk
which do not offer fall tolerance.
Spanned Volume: A volume can be created by selecting the free space from more than 1 Hdd
Span volumes offer extending of volume.
Do not offer fall tolerance
Maximum 32 Hdds
Min 2 Hdds
Creating simple volumes:
Open disk management
Right click on the black bar
New volume
Select simple volume
Alter the space next
Drive letter
File system
Check box perform quick format
Next finish
Creating a spanned volume:
Open disk management
Right click on black bar
New volume
Select span next
Select disk1&2 reduce &specify the size.
Drive letter next
Perform quick format finish

Extending volume:
Right click on the volume we want to extend
Extend volume - next
Select the drive on which we want to extend the volume
Specify the size - next finish
RAID: (Redundancy Array Inexpensive Disks or Independent disks)
Raid offers fall tolerance
Fault Tolerance: It is a technique used for protecting data against hardware failures.
Software RAID: It can be implemented from the OS. Which is not a guaranteed fault tolerance?
Hardware RAID: can be implemented above the O.S. including the OS is protected.
Offers highest fault tolerance.
There are five RAID levels
RAID 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 these are supported by NT/2000/2003
RAID 0: striping without parity
Striped volumes:
Requires min 2 Hdds, max 32 Hdds.
Offers no fault tolerance
Suitable when performance is criteria.
Data is written evenly on to all drives
If any one of the drives fails whole data is lost.
Space selected on all the drives should be of identical size.
RAID 1 or Disk mirroring:
Requires min.2Hdds max. also 2 Hdds
Offers fall tolerance
Data is written onto both the drives simultaneously.
If one drive fails data is still available in the second drive.
I/P performance: reading is fast and writing is slow.
Implementation of mirror:
Create a simple volume ex: 100mb
Right click on S.V. and add mirror
Break mirror: Breaks the mirror and retains the partition and data and changes the drive letter
Right click on desired drive
Select break mirror
Remove mirror: Removes the mirrored volume.
If we want to break or remove the volume
Right click on mirror volume
Select break or remove

RAID 5 Striping with parity

Requires min 3Hdds max 32 Hdds.
Offers highest fault tolerance
Data is written evenly on to all member striped volumes and
Parity information is also added.
Parity bit: It is mathematical calculation added to every piece of data and used for regenerating
the
data when any HDD fails.
Offers performance and availability
I/O performance: Reading and writing both are fast.
Mounting:
It is a feature of 2000 & 2003 used for accessing free space on the hard drive through a folder
when drive letters get exhausted.
Using mounting:
open disk management
Create a simple volume
While creating select mount in the following MT, NTFS folder
Browse new folder (create a folder here) next quick format next
Finish
Accessing the Free space through a mount point.
Open the drive where weve created the folder.
We find here folder name with a drive icon

SUBASH NEUPANE
neupane_subash@hotmail.com
Mobile: 977-9849651141
[A+, N+, Linux+, MCSE(Messaging and Security),MCITP(Enterprise),RHCE,OCP,CEH]