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your 10 symbols from 0 through 9 . So we use to look in that, we look at mac addresses
were actually be looking at hexadecimal
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addresses which is a base 16
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and their 16 symbols with
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the with hexadecimal there's a
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0 through 9
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once we get to 10 that'll be given value
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Of A and
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B would be eleven so on so forth up to F
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with the FBI the highest number that you could
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could have been a in a mac Address a.m.
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these not only is bad dressing with to use Pallotta for
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programs to to
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express numbers that are larger than the decimal system will allow for
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and actually when we look at IP version 6
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your see that IP version 6 uses exodus was well rather than
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decibel and hexadecimal basically works better in a
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binary and buyer fireman's them and first thing you have to be able to do
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this you have to be able to convert binary to decimal
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I'm so foresee in the you know an address
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bike 128 dot 1.0 1.1
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home our computers looking at that yes
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on the we had this bit turned on this bit turned on and this better known
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those have a value 8 to and one
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which would give us 11 and if we had all
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eight bits turned on for example we would add up
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128 plus 64 plus 32 plus 16 plus
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a was four plus two plus one which would give us $2.55
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so forgetting to IP address close up a little bit about Mac addressing
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mac address and uses a function call media access control
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and the format for max our mac Address
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is a it's six biden's long so forty eight bids
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insists red expressed as: hexadecimal so
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you have six fields I'm with to
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hexadecimal numbers or letters in each field
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so out of the six feels the first three fields for the first six numbers
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are water called the OU I thats organizationally
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a unique identifiers thats assigned to the manufacture by the IEEE
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so for instance if you had a you know fifty
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a net calmer Broadcom a
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network cards they would all have and the first
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the same numbers in the first response
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a.m.
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and in bites four five and six represent the actual address on the host
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5.9
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Class B address
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chooses sixteen-bit to the basque by default
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its network is gonna be 172 to 30 died 25 5.9
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their network members are different so
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they're not gonna be able to communicate without her router
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so grounders gonna be configured
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with an address
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on the local area network have the devices that need to get outta
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network so lookin back up this example
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we had a host to with that address 192 168 does 730 65
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the router interface disconnected to
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the switch that this host is on is gonna need an address from 192
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168 to 73 done something has to have the same network member
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and whatever address that we can figure on their router
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that's gonna be the default gateway
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for the TCP I settings for the host on those
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networks then has to be exacted
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if it off by one number let's say we is 192 168 at seven 3.1
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on the router here we put in a default it
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gateway address on a host on that network go 192 168
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to 73 done 5
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with IP version 4
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on their shoe to cast which is so what were normally used to look at their
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that's what we signed workstations servers I'm it's an address assigned to
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a single NIC
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a broadcast which is used for sending data to all notes on a network
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the typically applications won't use this
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but this does happen
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tough news to discover the mac address when we plug new things into a switcher
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for the first time things communicate on a local area network
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and multicast issues for sending data
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to a.m.
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predefined are prescribed members a multicast
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group begin your routing protocols used that
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could be things for is for things like a webcast
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stuff like that
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so when we assign addresses you need to be familiar
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when you take a network plus with that
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deferments for signing IP addresses in the first First Methodist attic and it
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just means you're gonna go into the TCPIP
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properties utility the operating system
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and you're gonna manually put in the address
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'em book P is an older protocol
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as to 65,000
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so to reduce the number host bits you just increase in number
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network bids in the mask
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so you just turn orbit on in the supplements
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and that's called subnetting subnetting manger cursing the number bits in the
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mask
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which increases the number networks each network created
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is us up there at the network it was created from
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apps like taking a applying cut it into
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smaller slices for sizes
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Solis looking example got a class B address
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17 to 20 does hero to zero and that's going to be important to guess can look
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at an IP address look at this
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first numbered say okay this class AB or C so really work on
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memorizing those ranges by the way this
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this network has a mask 255 to about 500
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so 16 bits for host we can have 65,000 636 host address
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what happens if we decide to serve net
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this network with
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24 bits class even testified that if other to Pappadeaux 0
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will were turning eight additional bits on
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meaning the first three octets
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unique
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meaning nobody else in the world can have that IP address
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sold those are going to be registered from
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10 the numbering standards organisation I A N A
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I ATF are people that hand those out
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a.m.
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typically there bought out by a ISP's a nice peaceful
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assigned 0 serves you were to look at the IP address on your
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cable or DSL modem it's gonna be a public IP address
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has can be assigned by your ISP private addresses on the other hand
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were created so that we didn't have to use a public IP address for everything
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I'm so they're created to save numbers private addresses are locally
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administered
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the you can
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asylum however you want they can be routed
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however that cannot be routed across the internet you you can't
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set up a router for business game
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give them a private IP address can expect for a customer to be able to
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for example go to their web page using their private address because
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that addresses not globally so
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arranges a.m.
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here's her some pressure ranges with a cider ask a
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when they created IP version 4 they didn't realize we're gonna have so many
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devices with IP address
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cell phones I am refrigerators treadmills cars
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I am you know tablets all those things
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are things now that have IP addresses so IP version 6 creates more addresses
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fact I am instead a 32-bit addresses
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228 address so 22 the 128
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power which is 340 quadrillion
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at seventy-nine Oct chilean times the current
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4.2 billion addresses that we have so
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that is more than
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the number stars and unknown universe basically
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so it's a lot bigger number they're gonna be expressed in hexadecimal
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there any be divided into eight groups
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that teachers Group Co have 16 bits in each one
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in hexadecimal a.m.
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could be your standard hex decimal format a Coal India Limited
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to have Colin's in between on a the cool thing about him
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is this bill %ah zeros and IP version 6 address
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and any zeros in the first part is that urs can be eliminated you can just take
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a map
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a.m. dresses have if one of those
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16 bit blocks
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were all zeros and it's going to be pretty common
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that could be reduced down to a single 0 so there's cops
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leading 0 compressed just just take another
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makes a number shorter um if we have multiple blocks
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0 so let's say I am you know remember we had
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eight blocks 16h if we had them
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two blocks in a row that we're all 0 which again will be common
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I am you can compress those damn
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to two sets of Colin's their resisted
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after to book series er you can only do that once per address though
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the the compression leading 0 compression
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you can do with with any of those blocks home
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as far as address types their very similar I'm there are you to cast
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addresses
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a they are separated into
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globally in a cast link local and unique local
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take a global measure public address
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I am take a link local as an uphill battle us
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and think that unique local as your private address
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they do also have multicast and instead a broadcast
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a.m. they've created what's called anycast addressing
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their router would have a routing table with those two networks in it
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in the exit interface to those now
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the cool thing about routing protocols is
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they will take that information that a No
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about in the share it with other routers so potentially all the routers
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know about all other networks and there's two general types
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routing protocols interior and exterior
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interiors typically within your system that you're responsible for
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in an exterior is used typically on public networks
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by espy's and in the best example that is BTP your border gateway protocol
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that's what they use a lot a
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so most the time as an administrator in steer you were going to be working with
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interior protocols
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to need understand them a a lot better than you do
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exterior in that's what a lot of your network plus
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focuses on that's what the Cisco training focuses on
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so let's take a look at different classifications for interior protocols
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um first-class cation distance specter
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K any of these routing protocols
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remember all over me try to find the best path to a network
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any distance vector protocol simply uses hot cam
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and I hop is a link from one router to another so fed up counter 10
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they get translated into this single registered IP address that we have for
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years
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everything in sight here to anything on the internet
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is gonna look like this public a piece on that this is something else forces
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will
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and what it is is it hides
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our internal IP addresses to anybody were to run a scan
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from the internet and find this interface
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they would not be able to find the actual addresses that these host inside
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the network
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so lot of time nap grounds on your
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your firewall whatever that perimeter devices that's what's going to be
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running
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net server router firewall there's different devices
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can put in there so here's here's the thing he did to really understand
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I am you need to understand how public address
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is different from a private address what can an IP version
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six etter she's for the host portion did
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IP version 4 cannot makes you look at examples in your book
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IP version 6 addresses kiss at the give examples of all the
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different types who lived through definitely know the difference between
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a row trouble protocol in a routing protocol
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I'm so you should know what it is that makes a protocol row double
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them
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you need to understand the difference between a router in a switch
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up
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what what a router does it can't find a destination network and its routing
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table
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be able to explain how subnet mask identifies a network portion
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up an address so go through the exercise it into the book
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it's good to have you do an IP config the nature address sure
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lease period you can actually release and renew your address
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and gonna have you disconnect from switching do that as well
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so a.m.
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so this this then the chapter 5 on this their numbering system IP version 4 in
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version 6
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as well as Mac addresses com also a paper
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addressing a routing in route uble protocols
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a and
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network address translation
Uploaded on 9 Feb 2012
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