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A comprehensive world view or worldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
encompassing the entirety of the individual or societys
knowledge and point of view. A world view can include
natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics.[1]
The term is a calque of the German word Weltanschauung [vlt.ana.], composed of Welt ('world') and
Anschauung ('view' or 'outlook')[2] The German word is
also used in English.
ORIGINS
views are not prisons which contain and constrain us, they According to Apostel, a worldview is an ontology, or a
are the spaces we develop within, create and resist cre- descriptive model of the world. It should comprise these
atively in speaking together.
six elements:
Worldview can be expressed as the fundamental cognitive, aective, and evaluative presuppositions a group of
people make about the nature of things, and which they
use to order their lives.[5]
If it were possible to draw a map of the world on the
basis of Weltanschauung, it would probably be seen to
cross political borders Weltanschauung is the product of political borders and common experiences of
a people from a geographical region,[6] environmentalclimatic conditions, the economic resources available,
socio-cultural systems, and the language family.[6] (The
work of the population geneticist Luigi Luca CavalliSforza aims to show the gene-linguistic co-evolution of
people).
1.3
Folk-epics
Using a test of death-thought accessibility (DTA), involving an ambiguous word completion test (e.g. COFF__
could either be completed as either COFFEE or COFFIN), participants who had read the essay attacking their
worldview were found to have a signicantly higher level
of DTA than the control group, who read a similar essay attacking Australian cultural values. Mood was also
measured following the worldview threat, to test whether
the increase in death thoughts following worldview threat
were due to other causes, for example, anger at the attack
1.4 Development
on ones cultural worldview.[8] No signicant changes
found immediately following the
While Apostel and his followers clearly hold that indi- on mood scales were
[8]
worldview
threat.
viduals can construct worldviews, other writers regard
worldviews as operating at a community level, or in an To test the generalisability of these ndings to groups and
unconscious way. For instance, if ones worldview is xed worldviews other than those of nationalistic Canadians,
by ones language, as according to a strong version of the Schimel et al conducted a similar experiment on a group
SapirWhorf hypothesis, one would have to learn or in- of religious individuals whose worldview included that
vent a new language in order to construct a new world- of creationism.[8] Participants were asked to read an essay which argued in support of the theory of evolution,
view.
2.2
Other aspects
Impact
2.1
Causality
3 Religion
Nishida Kitaro wrote extensively on the Religious
Worldview in exploring the philosophical signicance
of Eastern religions.[11]
According to Neo-Calvinist David Naugle's World view:
The History of a Concept, Conceiving of Christianity as
a worldview has been one of the most signicant developments in the recent history of the church.[12]
The Christian thinker James W. Sire denes a worldview
as a commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart,
that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions (assumptions which may be true, partially true,
or entirely false) which we hold (consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently) about the basic
construction of reality, and that provides the foundation
on which we live and move and have our being. He suggests that we should all think in terms of worldviews,
that is, with a consciousness not only of our own way of
thought but also that of other people, so that we can rst
understand and then genuinely communicate with others
in our pluralistic society.[13]
The commitment mentioned by James W. Sire can be
extended further. The worldview increases the commitment to serve the world. With the change of a persons
view towards the world, he/she can be motivated to serve
the world. This serving attitude has been illustrated by
Tareq M Zayed as the 'Emancipatory Worldview' in his
writing History of emancipatory worldview of Muslim
learners.[14]
4 Philosophy
Main article: Belief system
The philosophical importance of worldviews became increasingly clear during the 20th Century for a number
of reasons, such as increasing contact between cultures,
Some forms of philosophical naturalism and materialism and the failure of some aspects of the Enlightenment
reject the validity of entities inaccessible to natural sci- project, such as the rationalist project of attaining all truth
ence. They view the scientic method as the most reliable by reason alone. Mathematical logic showed that funmodel for building an understanding of the world.
damental choices of axioms were essential in deductive
reasoning[15] and that, even having chosen axioms not everything that was true in a given logical system could be
proven.[16] Some philosophers believe the problems extend to the inconsistencies and failures which plagued
the Enlightenment attempt to identify universal moral
and rational principles";[17] although Enlightenment principles such as universal surage and the universal declaration of human rights are accepted, if not taken for
granted, by many.[18]
Libertarian Isolationism would abandon foreign alliances, dismantle most of its military, and return to
a 19th-century pattern of decentralized government
and an economy based on small businesses and small
farms.
Neoliberal Globalism believes that at home governments should provide only basic public goods like
infrastructure and security, and do so by marketfriendly methods
Populist Nationalism tends to favor restriction of
legal as well as illegal immigration to protect the
5
core stock of the tribe-state from dilution by different races, ethnic groups or religions. Populist
nationalism also tends to favor protectionist policies that shield workers and businesses, particularly
small businesses, from foreign competition.
Ontology
Organizing principle
Paradigm
Perspective
Philosophy
Psycholinguistics
Reality
Reality tunnel
Received view
Religion
See also
Schema (psychology)
Attitude polarization
Scientic modeling
Basic beliefs
Scientism
Belief
Set (psychology)
Belief networks
Social justice
Christian worldview
Social reality
Cognitive bias
Conformity
Subjective logic
Contemplation
Truth
Umwelt
Cultural bias
Value system
Cultural identity
Emancipatory Worldview
Eschatology
Extrospection
Framing (social sciences)
Ideology
Life stance
Mental model
Mental representation
Metaknowledge
Metanarrative
Metaphysics
Mindset
Norm (social)
7 References
[1] Palmer, Gary B. (1996). Toward A Theory of Cultural
Linguistics. University of Texas Press. p. 114. ISBN
978-0-292-76569-6.
[2] Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
[3] Kay, P.; Kempton, W. (1984). What is the Sapir-Whorf
Hypothesis?". American Anthropologist 86 (1): 6579.
doi:10.1525/aa.1984.86.1.02a00050. JSTOR 679389.
[4] http://www.mpi.nl/world/ Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
[5] Hiebert, Paul G. Transforming Worldviews: an anthropological understanding of how people change. Grand
Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2008
[6] Carroll, John B. (ed.) [1956] (1997). Language, Thought,
and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf.
Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. ISBN 0-262-73006-5.
[7] Whorf, Benjamin (John Carroll, Editor) (1956). Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. MIT Press.
[8] Schimel, J., Hayes, J., Williams, T., & Jahrig, J. (2007). Is
Death Really the Worm at the Core? Converging Evidence
that Worldview Threat Increases Death-Thought Accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.
92, No. 5, pp. 789-803.
[9] Goldenberg, J. L., Cox, C. R., Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Solomon, S. (2002). Understanding human
ambivalence about sex: The eects of stripping sex of
meaning. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 310320.
EXTERNAL LINKS
[28] Jsang, Audun (2001). International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 9 (3):
279311. doi:10.1142/S0218488501000831. Missing or
empty |title= (help)
8 External links
[18] Governments in a democracy do not grant the fundamental freedoms enumerated by Jeerson; governments are
created to protect those freedoms that every individual
possesses by virtue of his or her existence. In their formulation by the Enlightenment philosophers of the 17th
and 18th centuries, inalienable rights are God-given natural rights. These rights are not destroyed when civil society is created, and neither society nor government can
remove or alienate them.US Gov website on democracy
[19] see Owen Flanagans 'The Problem of the Soul', 2002
[20] see especially Daniel Dennetts 'Freedom Evolves, 2003
[21] see e.g. Daniel Hill and Randal Rauser Christian Philosophy AZ Edinburgh University Press (2006) ISBN 9780-7486-2152-1 p200
[22] In the Christian tradition this goes back at least to Justin
Martyr's Dialogues with Trypho, A Jew, and has roots in
the debates recorded in the New Testament For a discussion of the long history of religious dialogue in India, see
Amartya Sen's The Argumentative Indian
(1991)
7
The God ContentionComparing various worldviews, faiths, and religions through the eyes of their
advocates.
Cole, Graham A., Do Christians have a Worldview?
A paper examining the concept of worldview as it
relates to and has been used by Christianity. Contains a helpful annotated bibliography.
World View article on the Principia Cybernetica
Project
Pogorskiy, E. (2015). Using personalisation to
improve the eectiveness of global educational
projects. E-Learning and Digital Media, 12(1), 57
67.
Worldviews An Introduction from Project Worldview
Studies on World Views Related to Science (list of
suggested books and resources) from the American
Scientic Aliation (a Christian perspective)
Eugene Webb, Worldview and Mind: Religious
Thought and Psychological Development. Columbia,
MO: University of Missouri Press, 2009.
Benjamin Gal-Or, Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy, Springer Verlag, 1981, 1983, 1987, ISBN 0387-90581-2, ISBN 0-387-96526-2.
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