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Span of Control
The span of management (control) can be wide or narrow.
o Wide span of management permits several
subordinate units report to the same boss.
Can be effective in a favorable project
environment.
Workers tend to relate better with upper
management because of fewer layers.
More economical because of fewer layers of
supervisors or middle managers.
More professional growth because workers
have more responsibilities.
o Narrow span of management in an organization is
beneficial where there are several mutually
exclusive skill levels.
o Influences that decide a type of control
Level of planning required.
Level of communication desired.
Effectiveness of delegating authority.
Dynamism and nature of the subordinates
job. (Type A personality, low skill, high
skill)
Competence of the subordinate in
performing their job.
Product Organization. This approach organizes a project to use the end product or
goal of the project as the determining factor for personnel structure. You have a
unique entity within a parent organization. It has a dedicated staff and
administration focused on the mission. Linked to the parent via progress reports,
policies, procedures and funding.
o Advantages are:
Simplicity of structure
Unity of project purpose
Localization of project failures
Condensed and focused communication lines
Full authority in the project manager
Quicker decisions due to a centralized authority
Skill development due to project specialization
Improved motivation, commitment and concentration
Flexibility in determining time, cost and performance trade-offs
Accountability of project team to one boss (project manager)
Individual acquisition and maintenance of expertise on a given
project
o Disadvantages are:
o Some considerations:
Product
Technology
Political and Social Environment
Labor
Market
Plant and residential amenities
Financial Services
o Case Study- A large scale international project that consists of the
engineering, procurement, and construction of 7 liquid natural gas (LNG)
tanks together with their ancillary system and control building in a Middle
Eastern country. The requirements are as follows:
3 LNG tanks of 80,000 cubic meters each
2 LPG propane tanks of 50,000 cubic meters each
2 LPG butane tanks of 50,000 cubic meters each
The ancillary system which are part of the project include:
1 propane and butane vapor recovery system
1 low pressure flare system
1 offsite control room
Project Setting
Technical Requirements
Organizational Relationships
Safety and Environmental Considerations
Analysis of project scenario
Sources of possible problems
Parent-Child relationship
Too many companies involved
Communications
Population increase
Logistics
Factors to consider and suggestions from the author
Strategic Planning
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Technology Assessment
Acquisition
Trade Agreements
Different Labor Practices
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