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Chapter Resources
Cell Processes
Includes:
Reproducible Student Pages
ASSESSMENT
TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES
Chapter Tests
Chapter Review
HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES
Laboratory Activities
Spanish Resources
Teacher Guide and Answers
Glencoe Science
Photo Credits
Section Focus Transparency 1: Doug Martin; Section Focus Transparency 2: Robert Lewellyn/SuperStock;
Section Focus Transparency 3: Kenneth W. Fink/Photo Researchers
Reproducible
Student Pages
Reproducible Student Pages
Hands-On Activities
MiniLAB: Determining How Enzymes Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MiniLAB: Try at Home Observing Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Lab: Observing Osmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Lab: Photosynthesis and Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Laboratory Activity 1: Diffusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Laboratory Activity 2: Oxygen and Photosynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Foldables: Reading and Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Assessment
Chapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Transparency Activities
Section Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Hands-On
Activities
2 Cell Processes
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Name
Analysis
1. What effect did the piece of fresh pineapple have on the gelatin?
2. What does the fresh pineapple contain that caused it to have the effect on the gelatin you
observed?
3. Why do the preparation directions on a box of gelatin dessert tell you not to mix it with fresh
pineapple?
Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
Procedure
1. Use two clean glasses of equal size. Label one Hot, then fill it until half full
with very warm water. Label the other Cold, then fill it until half full with
cold water. WARNING: Do not use boiling hot water.
2. Add one drop of food coloring to each glass. Carefully release the drop just
at the waters surface to avoid splashing the water.
3. Observe the water in the glasses. Record your observations immediately and
again after 15 min.
After 10 Minutes
Cold Water
Hot Water
Analysis
1. Describe what happens when food coloring is added to each glass.
4 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Observing Diffusion
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Observing Osmosis
Lab Preview
Directions: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.
1. What safety symbols are associated with this lab?
Real-World Question
Procedure
Materials
unshelled egg*
balance
spoon
distilled water (250 mL)
light corn syrup (250 mL)
500-mL container
*an egg whose shell has been dissolved by vinegar
Goals
Safety Precautions
WARNING: Eggs may contain bacteria. Avoid
touching your face.
Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
Table 1
Table 2
Egg Mass Data
Egg Observations
Beginning
Egg Mass
After 30 minutes
After 1 day
Distilled
water
After 2 days
Corn
syrup
Egg Mass
After Two Days
2. Calculate the mass of water that moved into and out of the egg.
4. Infer what part of the egg controlled waters movement into and out of the egg.
6 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Every living cell carries on many chemical processes. Two important chemical
processes are respiration and photosynthesis. All cells, including the ones in
your body, carry on respiration. However, some plant cells carry on both
processes. In this experiment you will investigate when these processes occur
in plant cells. How could you find out when plants were using these processes?
Are the products of photosynthesis and respiration the same?
Real-World Question
When do plants carry on photosynthesis and
respiration?
Materials
16-mm test tube (3)
150-mm test tube with stopper (4)
*small, clear-glass baby food jar with lid (4)
test-tube rack
stirring rod
scissors
carbonated water (5 mL)
bromthymol blue solution in dropper bottle
aged tap water (20 mL)
*distilled water (20 mL)
sprig of Elodea (2)
*other water plants
*Alternate materials
Goals
Safety Precautions
WARNING: Wear splash-proof goggles to protect
eyes from hazardous chemicals.
Procedure
1. Label each test tube using the numbers 1, 2,
3, and 4. Pour 5 mL of aged tap water into
each test tube.
2. Add 10 drops of carbonated water to test
tubes 1 and 2.
3. Add 10 drops of bromthymol blue to all of
the test tubes. Bromthymol blue turns
green to yellow in the presence of an acid.
4. Cut two 10-cm sprigs of Elodea. Place one
sprig in test tube 1 and one sprig in test
tube 3. Stopper all test tubes.
5. Complete the test-tube data in Table 1.
6. Place test tubes 1 and 2 in bright light.
Place tubes 3 and 4 in the dark. Observe
the test tubes for 30 min or until the color
changes. Record the color of each of the
four test tubes.
Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
Table 1
Test Tube
Color at Start
1
2
3
4
2. Infer what process occurred in the test tube or tubes that changed color after 30 min.
2. Explain whether or not the results of this experiment show that photosynthesis and respiration
occur in plants.
Hands-On Activities
Date
Class
Diffusion
Laboratory
Activity
When you smell different aromas around you, you are experiencing diffusion. The same principle also applies to living cells. In cells, however, both water and material dissolved in water move
into and out of the cells.
Strategy
You will observe carrots in salt water and freshwater.
You will determine if the carrots have lost or gained water after a 24-hour period.
Materials
WARNING: Do not taste, eat, or drink any materials used in the lab.
2 beakers (500-mL)
salt
carrot
water
labels
thread
balance
scalpel
metric ruler
Procedure
1. Half fill two beakers with water.
2. Use a balance to measure 15 g salt and add
it to one of the beakers. Mark this beaker
salt.
3. Cut a carrot in half as shown in Figure 1.
WARNING: Use care when cutting to avoid
injury. Tightly tie a piece of thread 2 cm
from the cut end of both parts.
4. Place one carrot half in the beaker of salt
water with the cut end down. See Figure 2.
5. Place the other carrot half with the cut end
down into the beaker of freshwater. Mark
this beaker fresh. See Figure 2.
6. Allow the beakers to remain undisturbed
for 24 hours. Remove the carrots and
observe the tightness of the threads. Record
your observations in Table 1 under Data
and Observations.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Salt
Fresh
Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Name
Name
Date
Class
Table 1
Effect of Water
Type on Carrot Cells
Condition
Water Type
1. Loose thread
freshwater-salt water
2. Firm texture
freshwater-salt water
3. Tight thread
freshwater-salt water
4. Soft texture
freshwater-salt water
5. Decrease in
cell size
freshwater-salt water
6. Loss of water
by cells
freshwater-salt water
7. Gain of water
by cells
freshwater-salt water
3. In which kind of water did the carrot cells gain water? How can you tell?
4. What might happen to human blood cells if placed in a beaker of salt water? Explain.
Strategy Check
Can you observe carrots in salt water and freshwater?
Can you determine if the carrots have lost or gained water after 24 hours?
10 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Date
Laboratory
Activity
Class
Green plants can turn chemicals into food. Green plants take in water and carbon dioxide
and, in the presence of light and chlorophyll, turn these chemicals into food. This process is called
photosynthesis. One of the by-products of photosynthesis is oxygen. The amount of oxygen
produced by a plant during a period of time can serve as a way of telling how much photosynthesis
is taking place.
Strategy
You will place a plant under continuous light conditions for 24 h while another plant remains in
the dark for the same amount of time.
You will compare the amount of photosynthesis that takes place in these two plants by measuring
the amount of oxygen the plants produce.
Materials
WARNING: Do not taste, eat, or drink any materials used in the lab.
2 glass jars (large enough to hold the funnels)
metric ruler
aged tap water (standing for at least 24 h)
scissors
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
2 glass funnels (small)
balance
2 test tubes (18 150-mm)
Elodea
lamp
Figure 1
Water
Test tube
Water and
sodium bicarbonate
Jar
Funnel
Elodea
Gas column
Water
Figure 2
1. Fill each jar with water that has been standing for at least one day. Add 1 g of sodium
bicarbonate to the water in each jar.
2. Obtain two Elodea plants and cut about
1 or 2 cm from the bottom of the stem.
Throw away the part you cut off.
WARNING: Always be careful when using
scissors. Lightly crush the upper 2.5 cm of
the stem between your fingers.
3. Place an Elodea plant into the water in
each jar and cover it with a funnel. Position
the plants so that the crushed ends are up.
(See Figure 1.)
4. Fill a test tube completely with water. Hold
your index finger over the mouth of the
test tube and invert it over the stem of the
funnel. Do not let any water escape from
the test tube. NOTE: The test tube must be
completely filled with water at the beginning of the experiment. If some water
pours out before the test tube is in place,
start over again. Do not remove your finger
until the mouth of the test tube is completely under water. Place a test tube over
each funnel. (See Figure 1.)
Procedure
24 h later
Cell Processes
11
Hands-On Activities
Name
Name
Date
Class
in light
2.
in dark
My results
Class average
2. What proof do you have that oxygen is being given off during this experiment? Before you
answer, carefully review what you observed during this experiment.
3. Why was sodium bicarbonate added to the water? HINT: Sodium bicarbonate gives off
carbon dioxide when mixed with water.
12 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
60
40
20
12
18
24
Time (h)
6. Which graph below best shows the total amount of oxygen produced if light were shined on a
plant for 24 continuous hours?
B
Amount
of Gas
Time
Cell Processes
13
Name
Date
Class
Amount
of Gas
Time
8. From this activity, what are the requirements for photosynthesis to occur?
9. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
10. What are the products of photosynthesis?
11. What would happen if there were no green plants?
12. How does the equation for photosynthesis compare with the equation for respiration?
Strategy Check
Can you measure the amount of oxygen that a plant in light and a plant in dark produce?
Can you compare the amount of photosynthesis that takes place in each plant?
14 Cell Processes
Hands-On Activities
7. Which graph below best shows the total amount of oxygen produced if a light source were
Name
Date
Class
Hands-On Activities
Cell Processes
Directions: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.
mixture
organic compound
enzyme
inorganic compound
passive transport
diffusion
equilibrium
osmosis
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
metabolism
photosynthesis
respiration
fermentation
Cell Processes
15
Meeting Individual
Needs
16 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
Overview
Cell Processes
Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below.
elements
are composed of
2.
inorganic
combine
chemically
to form
organic
1.
of which those
that contain
no carbon are
usually
compounds
which are
composed
of
molecules
atoms
of which
those that
contain carbon
and hydrogen
are
3.
4.
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that makes each statement correct.
5. (Matter/Energy) is anything that has mass and takes up space.
6. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid are (inorganic/organic)
compounds.
7. A cells (nucleus/membrane) controls which molecules pass in and out of
the cell.
8. Diffusion stops when molecules reach (endocytosis/equilibrium).
9. (Enzymes/Lipids) cause molecules to change, but are not themselves changed.
10. Plants use (photosynthesis/fermentation) to make food.
Cell Processes
17
Name
Date
Section 1
Section 2
Class
Chemistry of Life
Moving Cellular Materials
Directions: Use the words in the lists to fill in the blanks in the paragraphs below.
compounds
carbon
inorganic
elements
organic
proteins
molecules
atoms
water
passive
active
exocytosis
permeable
osmosis
18 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Section 3
Class
Directions: Use the information below to identify the terms that match the descriptions that follow. Use the
terms to complete the puzzle. The letters in the vertical box should spell out a word related to the study of
chemical reactions.
19
Name
Date
Class
Key Terms
Cell Processes
diffusion
20 Cell Processes
mixtures
exocytosis
fermentation
metabolism
osmosis
photosynthesis
respiration
passive transport
Nombre
Fecha
Clase
Sinopsis
Los procesos celulares
Los elementos
inorgnico
se combinan qumicamente
para formar
estn compuestos de
2.
orgnico
1.
los cuales
constan de
compuestos
molculas
tomos
3.
4.
Instrucciones: Haz un crculo alrededor del trmino en parntesis que hace verdadero cada enunciado.
5. La (materia/energa) es cualquier cuerpo que tiene masa y ocupa espacio.
6. Los carbohidratos, los lpidos, las protenas y el cido nucleico son
procesos (inorgnicos/orgnicos).
7. La(El) (ncleo/membrana) celular controla qu molculas entran y salen de una
clula.
8. La difusin cesa cuando las molculas alcanzan (la endocitosis/el equilibrio).
9. Las(Los) (enzimas/lpidos) causan cambios en las molculas, pero sin sufrir
cambio ellos mismos.
10. Las plantas usan (fotosntesis/fermentacin) para hacer alimentos.
21
Nombre
Fecha
Seccin 1
Seccin 2
Clase
La qumica de la vida
Transporte del
material celular
Instrucciones: Usa las siguientes palabras para llenar los espacios en blanco de los prrafos.
compuestos
inorgnicos
protenas
tomos
carbono
elementos
orgnicos
molculas
agua
Toda la materia est formada por 1. ____________________. Los(Las)
mos pueden enlazarse y formar 3. ____________________. Dos o ms tipos de
tomos forman 4. ____________________. Los compuestos de los seres vivos y sus
productos son compuestos 5. ____________________. Todos contienen
6. ____________________ e hidrgeno. Ciertos(as) 7. ____________________
llamadas enzimas son compuestos orgnicos que regulan las reacciones en las clulas. Los compuestos 8. ____________________ no contienen carbono. Uno de los
compuestos inorgnicos ms importantes para los seres vivos es el(la)
9. ____________________.
endocitosis
difusin
pasivo
activo
exocitosis
permeable
smosis
Nombre
Fecha
Seccin 3
Clase
Instrucciones: Usa la siguiente informacin para identificar los trminos que corresponden a las descripciones.
Completa el crucigrama. Las letras de las cajas verticales oscuras te dirn una palabra relacionada con el estudio
de las reacciones qumicas.
El metabolismo es el total de las reacciones qumicas de un organismo. Los
organismos pueden ser productores o consumidores. Los productores usan fotosntesis para elaborar su propio alimento. La fotosntesis requiere dixido de carbono, agua, luz solar y clorofila. Los consumidores ingieren el alimento hecho
por los productores. Tanto los productores como los consumidores producen
energa por medio de la respiracin. La respiracin se lleva a cabo en las mitocondrias. Algunas levaduras utilizan la fermentacin para hacer energa.
1
2
3
4
S
5
6
7
8
9
23
Nombre
Fecha
Clase
Trminos claves
Los procesos celulares
Instrucciones: Traza una lnea que conecte cada definicin con el trmino correcto.
enzimas
difusin
mezclas
exocitosis
fermentacin
metabolismo
smosis
fotosntesis
respiracin
transporte pasivo
Name
Date
Class
Chemistry of Life
Reinforcement
Directions: Label the following diagram of an atom using the words electron, proton, neutron.
2
2
5.
20
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4.
6.
Hydrogen
10%
Carbon
19%
Oxygen
65%
7. Oxygen and carbon together make up almost what percent of the elements in the human body?
(Circle the correct answer.)
a. 50%
b. 84%
c. 30%
d. 10%
8. What two elements do organic compounds always contain?
Cell Processes
25
Name
Date
Reinforcement
Class
Directions: Label the diagrams of cells with the terms diffusion, active transport, osmosis, equilibrium,
facilitated diffusion. The arrows show the direction of transport.
high
carbon dioxide
levels
low
carbon dioxide
levels
6.
25 glucose
molecules
8 water
molecules
2 water
molecules
7.
8.
10 water
molecules
high
mineral levels
9.
26 Cell Processes
10 water
molecules
low
mineral levels
10.
5 glucose
molecules
Name
Date
Reinforcement
Class
5. How do your muscles continue to get energy during high levels of activity when there is not
enough oxygen?
Directions: For each of the following, write the letter of the term that best completes each statement.
6. Fermentation releases energy without using ______.
a. oxygen
b. glucose
c. energy
d. carbon dioxide
d. metabolism
d. sunlight
Cell Processes
27
Name
Date
Enrichment
Class
Materials
table salt
stirring rod
measuring spoons and measuring cups
thermometer
a shallow pan
Procedure
2. If you were to use a heat source to make the water even hotter, hypothesize how the solubility
of salt would be affected.
28 Cell Processes
1. Pour 1/2 cup cold tap water into a measuring cup. Measure the temperature. Add salt, 1 level
teaspoon at a time, while stirring. Repeat until the solution is saturated.
2. Record the number of teaspoons used and the temperature. Discard the solution.
3. Repeat the procedure using tap water that is about room temperature.
4. Repeat, using very hot tap water. WARNING: Always be careful when handling hot objects. After
recording the data, pour the solution into the pan and allow the water to evaporate overnight. Plot
your data on the graph below.
Temperature (C)
Name
Enrichment
Class
Keeping a Balance
Body fluids contain many different dissolved substances such as sodium, potassium,
calcium, and magnesium. When the fluid outside a cell has the same concentration of these
dissolved substances as is present inside the
cell, the fluid is isotonic.
A fluid or solution that is referred to as
hypertonic has more of these dissolved substances than are inside the cell.
A solution that has less of these dissolved
substances is hypotonic.
Directions: The red blood cells diagrammed below are in different solutions. Label the diagrams of red blood
cells, indicating whether the solution is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic.
A
Shrunken cells
B
Disk-shaped cells
C
Spherical cells
A. ____________
B. _____________
C. ____________
2. Red blood cells are usually disk-shaped. What does the shape of the cells in solution A tell you
about the extracellular fluid?
3. Why does the cell change its shape?
Cell Processes
29
Date
Name
Date
Enrichment
Class
Studying Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, light energy is used to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
The glucose is stored in the leaves and other plant parts in the form of starch, another carbohydrate. The following experiment will show whether starch is being made and stored when photosynthesis is interrupted. Iodine will be used as an indicator for the presence of starch. An indicator shows
the presence of a certain substance.
Materials
Procedure
1. Using paper clips, attach a strip of black
paper to the upper surface of 3 leaves on
the plant. Cover about 1/3 of the leaf.
2. Place the plant in a sunny window for 2 or
3 days.
3. Cut the partly covered leaves from the plant.
4. Remove the black paper and soak the leaves
overnight in the saucer of alcohol.
covered
uncovered
cornstarch
1
2
3
30 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Note-taking
Worksheet
Section 1
Class
Cell Processes
Chemistry of Life
31
Name
Date
Class
survive.
2. All chemical reactions in living things take place in ____________________.
3. Most living things use water to _______________ materials through their bodies.
Section 2
A. Cells have a selectively __________________ membrane that regulates what goes into or out
of the cell.
B. Passive transportthe movement of substances through a cell membrane ______________
the input of energy
1. Diffusionwhen molecules move away from areas where there are more of them into areas
where there are __________________ of them; stops when the molecules of one substance
are spread evenly throughout another substance and ___________________ occurs
2. Osmosisthe diffusion of __________ through a cell membrane.
3. In facilitated diffusion, _______________________ move substances into and out of the cell
C. Active transport requires ___________________ to move a substance through a cell membrane.
D. Endocytosis and exocytosis
1. Endocytosisthe process in which a substance is taken into a cell by surrounding it with
the ______________________, forming a sphere called a vesicle
2. Exocytosisthe process in which the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cells
membrane and the vesicles contents are ________________________ the cell
32 Cell Processes
1. Living things are composed of more than ________________ water and depend on it to
Name
Date
Class
A. Cells use chemical reactions to change the chemical ____________ stored in food into forms
needed to perform activities.
1. Metabolismthe total of all ________________________ in an organism
2. The chemical reactions of metabolism require ______________.
Cell Processes
33
Assessment
Assessment
34 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Class
Cell Processes
Chapter
Review
energy
enzyme
equilibrium
mixture
endocytosis
inorganic compound
metabolism
exocytosis
fermentation
passive transport
producer
organic compound
osmosis
Cell Processes
35
Assessment
Name
Date
Class
____________________
8. chlorophyll
6. cellulose
____________________
9. carbon dioxide
7. calcium
Assessment
36 Cell Processes
Transparency Activities
Transparency
Activities
Cell Processes
41
Name
Date
Section Focus
Transparency Activity
Class
Transparency Activities
Name
Date
Section Focus
Transparency Activity
Class
Skin Deep
Transparency Activities
Misting with water helps keep supermarket produce fresh. Not all
the water stays on the skin of these fruits and vegetables; most of it
seems to disappear. The trick is finding out where it went.
43
Name
Date
Section Focus
Transparency Activity
Class
Transparency Activities
Some organisms dont need anyone to survive, but others need help
to get by. In this picture, some of the living things shown can make
their own food. They are called producers. Other living things, called
consumers, depend on these producers for their survival.
Date
1
Teaching Transparency
Activity
Transparency Activities
Name
Class
Organic Compounds
Cell Processes
45
Name
Date
Class
(continued)
1. What type of compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen and are associated with living
things?
2. What substance supplies energy for cell processes?
3. What are the functions of lipids?
Transparency Activities
46 Cell Processes
Name
Date
Assessment
Transparency Activity
Class
Cell Processes
Directions: Carefully review the diagrams and answer the following questions.
Salt
Membrane
1
Water
47