rpWePh;j; njhFjp.

 kdpj clypy; cs;s foptfw;Wk; mq;fq;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W.

 rpWePh;j;njhFjp gpd;tUk; gFjpfshy; MdJ:-
1. rpWePufq;fs; - 2
rpWePufk;
2. rpWePh;f;fhd;fs;.
3. rpWePh;g;ig – 1 rpWePh;f;f fhd;
4. rpWePh;top.
rpWePh;g;ig
 rpWePh;j; njhFjp %yk; foptfw;wy; jtpu pH ngWkhdk;
Ngzy;> cg;Gf;fspd; nrwpitg; Ngzy;> ePh;r;rkepiy
Ngzy; Nghd;w njhopy;fSk; Mw;wg;gLfpd;wd. rpWePh; top

rpWePufk;

Nkw;gl;il

ikatpioak;
$k;gfk;
rpWePuf ehsk;
;

rpWePuf ehb

rpWePh;f;
fhd;

 kdpj rpWePufq;fs; tapw;wiwapy; Ks;se;jz;LfSf;F ,UGwKk;> mike;Js;sd.

 ,Lg;gpy; ifaia itj;J epw;Fk; NghJ ngUtpuy; rpWePufk; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij Rl;bf;
fhl;Lk;.

 rpWePufj;jpd; neLf;Fntl;by; njspthf ,UgFjpfis ,tjhdpf;fyhk;.

 ehh;j;njhLg;gpioaj;jpdhy; Mf;fg;gl;l fUikepwkhd Nkw;gl;ilg; gFjp> ,sepwq;nfhz;l

ikatpioak; vd;gd mt;tpU gFjpfSkhFk;.

 rpWePufj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;lyF rpWePufj;jpfshFk;.

Emil Sir
 rpWePufj;jp mikg;G

 rpWePufj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;lyF
fyd; mz;ik rpWePufj;jpfshFk;.
Nghkdpd; Nfhsk; kbe;j
ciw  rpWePufj;jpfs; FohAUthff; fhzg;gLk;.
Foha;
 ,jd; xU Kid fpz;ztbthff;
fhzg;gLk;.
 kWKid Nrh;f;Fk; fhdpy; jpwf;Fk;.
Nra;ik  fpz;ztbthd mikg;G Nghkdpd; ciw
kbe;j vdg;gLk;.
Foha;  Nghkdpd; ciwapy; ,Ue;J RUz;l
Foha; Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,J mz;ikkbe;j
Foha; vdg;gLk;.
 mz;ikkbe;j Fohapd; mg;ghy; U tbt
Nrh;f;F nfd;ypapd; jlk; fhzg;gLk;.
nfd;ypapd; k; fhd;  nfd;ypapd; jlj;jpd; mg;ghy; Nra;ik
jlk; kbe;j Foha; fhzg;gLk;.
 xU rpWePufj;jp 3cm ePskhdJ. nkhj;j
rpWePufj;jpfSk; 120km ePsq;nfhz;lJ.
 ,jdhy; njhopw;ghl;bw;Fj; Njitahd
gug;Gf; fpilf;fp;d;wJ.

rpWePu; cUthFjy;

 rpWePufj;jpapDhlhfr; FUjp njry;Yk; NghJ FUjpapy; ,Ue;J rpWePh; tbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

 rpWePh; cUthFk; nraw;ghL 3 topfspy; eilngWk;
1. cauKf;f tbfl;ly;.
2. Ruj;jy;.
3. kPsfj;JWQ;ry;.
 fyd;Nfhsr; rpf;fy; rpWePuf ehbapy; ,Ue;J cUthfpd;wJ. cauKf;fj;jpy; FUjp fyd;
Nfhsr; rpf;fypy; ghAk; NghJFUjpg;Gujk;> FUjpf; fyq;fs; jtpu Vida FUjpapd;
$Wfs; Nghkdpd; ciwapDs; nry;Yk;.
 ,t;thW nrd;w $Wfs; mz;ikkbe;j Foha;> Nra;ik kbe;j Foha;> nfd;ypapd;jlk;
Mfpatw;wpd; topahff; flj;jg;gLk; NghJ clYf;Fj; Njitahd $Wfs; kPz;Lk;
Fjpkaph;f;FohapDs; kPscWQ;rg;gLk;> ntspNaw;wg;gl Ntz;ba $Wfs; FUjpapy; ,Ue;J
ntspNawp rpWePufj;jpia nrd;wilAk;.
 rpWePufj;jpapd; Nrh;f;Fk; fhidr; nrd;wilAk; NghJ tbjputk; rpWePh; vdg;ngah; ngWk;.
 rpWePphpy; mlq;Fk; $Wfs; :-
1. ePh;
2. A+hpah
3. A+hpf;fkpyk;
4. fphpaidwpidd;.
5. cg;Gf;fs;.

Emil Sir
  nghJthf tse;j kdpjh; xUtUf;F ehnshd;Wf;F 1.5l rpWeph; ntspNaWk;. vdpDk;> ,th;
Fbf;Fk; ePhpdsT> the;jp> tpah;it ntspNaWk; msT> FUjpg; ngUf;F> R+oy; epyikfs;
vd;gdTk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;.

A+hpah cUthFjy;

 A+hpah <uypy; cUthfpd;wJ.

 Nkyjpf mkpNdhtkpyk;(clYf;Fj; Njitaw;w) <uypy; cilf;fg;gLk; NghJ mNkhdpah
cUthFk;.
 mkpNdhtkpyf;$Wpy; cs;s NH+ 2 gFjp mfw;wg;gl;L mkhdpah cUthFk;.
 mNkhdpah clYf;Fj; jPq;fhdJ> er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;jJ vdNt mJ fhgdPnuhl;irl;Lld;
Nrh;e;J A+hpahthf khw;wg;gLk;.
 A+hpah>
1. er;Rj;jd;ik Fiwe;jJ.
2. mjpf fiujpwd; nfhz;lJ vdNt ntspNaw;wgl ,yFthapUf;Fk;.
3. rpwpa %yf;$W vdNt ,yFtpy; tbf;fg;gLk;.
 A+hpah cUthFtijf; fhl;Lk; rkd;ghL
2 NH3 + CO2 + 3 ATP + H2 O → urea + 2 ADP + 4 P i + AMP + 2 H

rpWePuf Neha;fs;

o rpWePufq;fs; nraypog;G
1. FWq;fhy nraypog;G.
2. ePz;lfhy nraypog;G.
o rpWePuff; fy;
o negpiuw;wpR.

Emil Sir