1/13/2016

IntroductionofMachineDesign

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Introduction of Machine
Design
Introduction of Machine Design:

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Machine Design or mechanical design is primarily concerned with the systems by which
the energy is converted into useful mechanical forms and of mechanisms required to
convert the output of the machine to the desired form.

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The design may lead to an entirely new machine or an improvement on an existing one.
Thus machine design is the production or creation of the right combination of correctly
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proportioned moving and stationary components so constructed and joined as to enable

the liberation, transformation, and utilization of energy.

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Empirical Design: The design based on previous experience and existing practice
is known
FAQ
as empirical design. In empirical design various dimensions are set out as a proportion of

certain main dimension. For example the various dimensions of rigid coupling
are given as
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a proportion of shaft diameter.
IIT

Rational Design: It is purely a mathematical design based on principles of engineering

mechanics, mechanics of solids, or simply of engineering science etc. In this NIT
design
mechanics of solids is used to decide the different dimensions of a product. i.e By solving
the basic design equations and using optimization techniques (For example IIIT
the design of
shaft diameter).
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Combined & Rational Design: In this design the components is designed on the basis of
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mechanics of solids but in no case the individual dimensions to be less than
the
existing

or past practice. For example the design of hub diameter of protective type rigid flange

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IntroductionofMachineDesign

or past practice. For example the design of hub diameter of protective type rigid flange
coupling by using the combined and rational design.
New Design: If the design is created from a scratch through the application of scientific
principles, technical ability and creative thinking of the designer known as New Design or
Inventive or Creative Design. If a problem arises that suggests a machine for the solution
and no suitable machine exists, a designer will have to create it then the machine will be
termed as NEW DESIGN.
Adaptive Design & Redesign: There are many fields where the development has practically
cased e.g. bicycles, I.C. engines etc. So there is hardly anything left for the designer to do
except make minor modifications usually in the dimensions of the product. This work is
concerned with adaptation of existing design. The final outcome does not differ much
from the initial product. Thus much of designer work consists of redesign.
Design by Innovation: Innovation is the creative act where by an idea is conceived and
brought into successful practice. These days the competition has widened. There is no
lace for slow pace technological changes. Present circumstances need faster, and bolder
improvement or design. To achieve the faster and bolder design utilizes new innovations
like CAD, CATIA, ANSYS etc. in the field of design. This is known as design by innovation, In
this the technical risks are great.
Factors to be considered in Machine Design:
There are many factors to be considered while attacking a design problem. In many cases
these are a common sense approach to solving a problem. Some of these factors are as
follows:
What device or mechanism to be used? This would decide the relative arrangement of the
constituent elements.
Material
Forces on the elements
Size, shape and space requirements. The final weight of the product is also a major
concern.
The method of manufacturing the components and their assembly.
How will it operate?
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How will it operate?

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IntroductionofMachineDesign

Reliability and safety aspects

Inspectibility
Maintenance, cost and aesthetics of the designed product.
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