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Answers to SAQs
Chapter 6
1 a
Ball B has greater mass.
b Trolley B has greater mass.
2 a
Momentum, p = mv = 0.50 20 = 10kgms1
b Momentum, p = mv = 25000 20
=5.0105kgms1
c Momentum, p = mv = 9.1 1031 2.0 107
= 1.821023
1.81023kgms1
3 Momentum before
=mA uA + mB uB = (0.50 2.0) + (0.50 (3.0))
= 1.0 1.5 = 0.5kgms1 (i.e. to the left)
Momentum after= mA vA + mB vB
= (0.50 (2.0)) + (0.50 1.0) = 1.0 + 0.5
= 0.5kgms1 (i.e. to the left)
4
conserved
conserved
Kinetic energy
conserved
not conserved
Total energy
conserved
conserved
5 a
Before collision:
momentum of ball A,
pA = mA uA = 4.0 2.5 = +10kgms1
momentum of ball B,
pB = mB uB = 4.0 (1.5) = 6kgms1
b After collision:
momentum of ball A,
pA = mA uA = 4.0 (1.5) = 6kgms1
momentum of ball B,
pB = mB uB = 4.0 2.5 = +10kgms1
c Total momentum before collision
= pA + pB = +4kgms1
Total momentum after collision
= pA + pB = +4kgms1
So momentum is conserved.
d Kinetic energy before collision
= 12 mA uA2 + 12 mB uB2
= ( 12 4.0 (2.5)2) + ( 12 4.0 (1.5)2)
= 12.5 + 4.5 = 17J
before
2.0 m s1
after
u=0
v=?
B
1.0 kg
2.0 kg
1.2 m s1
B
1.0 kg
2.0 kg
mA
(1.0
2.0)
+ (2.0 0.0) (2.0 1.2)
=
1.0
= 0.40ms1
The minus sign indicates that the first trolley
reverses direction.
7 a
If you consider the star to be stationary before
exploding, the star has zero momentum. After
the explosion, matter flies off in all directions
equal amounts of momentum are created
in all directions, so their (vector) sum is zero.
Momentum is conserved.
b You give downward momentum to the Earth;
as you slow down, so does the Earth; as you
start to fall back down, the Earth starts to
fall back up towards you. At all times, your
momentum is equal and opposite to that of
the Earth, so combined momentum is zero,
i.e. conserved.
11
After
v1
v2
10
5.0 kg ms1
36.9
53.1
4.0 kg ms1
3.0 kg ms1
( )
( )
13
a Change in momentum
p = mv mu = m(v u) = 1000 (24 10)
= 1.4104kgms1
p
b Force F = t = 1.410
15 = 933N 930N
14
15
a Rearrange F = t to give change in
momentum,
p = Ft = 240 0.25 = 60kgms1 (or 60Ns)
b In the direction of the kicking force.
Force applied to water,
p
F = t =
m
m(v u)
t
= t (v u)
= 10 (0 5.0) = 50N
(negative because force applied to water is
against the direction of water flow)
So force of water on wall = 50N
If the water bounces, a greater force is
applied because of a greater change in
momentum.
16
m(v u)
F = t = t = 0.046(500)
0.0013
3
= 1.7710 N 1.8kN