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2016.1.13.

UsingMohr'sCircletoFindPrincipalStressesandAnglesForDummies
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UsingMohr'sCircletoFindPrincipalStressesandAngles
ByJamesH.Allen,III

PartoftheMechanicsofMaterialsForDummiesCheatSheet
AnyoneinthemechanicalsciencesislikelyfamiliarwithMohr'scircleausefulgraphicaltechniqueforfindingprincipalstresses
andstrainsinmaterials.Mohr'scirclealsotellsyoutheprincipalangles(orientations)oftheprincipalstresseswithoutyourhaving
topluganangleintostresstransformationequations.
StartingwithastressorstrainelementintheXYplane,constructagridwithanormalstressonthehorizontalaxisandashear
stressonthevertical.(Positiveshearstressplotsatthebottom.)Thenjustfollowthesesteps:
1. PlottheverticalfacecoordinatesV(xx,xy).
2. PlotthehorizontalcoordinatesH(yy,xy).
YouusetheoppositesignoftheshearstressfromStep1becausetheshearstressesonthehorizontalfacesarecreatinga
couplethatbalances(oractsintheoppositedirectionof)theshearstressesontheverticalfaces.
3. DrawadiameterlineconnectingPointsV(fromStep1)andH(fromStep2).
4. SketchthecirclearoundthediameterfromStep3.
ThecircleshouldpassthroughPointsVandHasshownhere.

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UsingMohr'sCircletoFindPrincipalStressesandAnglesForDummies

5. Computethenormalstresspositionforthecircle'scenterpoint(C).

6. Calculatetheradius(R)forthecircle.

7. DeterminetheprincipalstressesP1andP2.

8. ComputetheprincipalanglesP1andP2.

Youcouldalsouseequationsdirectly(insteadofMohr'scircle)todeterminetransformedstressesatanyangle:

ToconstructaMohr'scircleforstrainortousethetransformationequations,substitutexxforxx,yyforyy,and(0.5)xyforxy
intheprecedingequations.

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