Ice Thermal Storage

Innovations
for District Cooling

Gary Rugel
Vice President, International

Ice Thermal Storage Innovations

External Melt (Direct Contact) Ice Coils
Product
Application

Review Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Reduced capital costs
Only ~85-90% of chillers and heat rejection
equipment plus associated electrical distribution
equipment is required
Efficient use of daytime energy
Increased flexibility to adapt to changing utility
structures and requirements
Reduces need for new power plants by lowering
peak electric load profile and better utilizing existing
electrical generation and distribution infrastructure

Ice Storage Product Innovation

External Melt (Direct Contact) Ice Coils
Round Tube

Elliptical Tube

Elliptical Tube

Ice Storage Product Innovation

External Melt (Direct Contact) Ice Coils

Ice Coils with Elliptical Tubes

Less wasted space
Better ice packing factor (IPF)

Ice Storage Application Innovation

Entergy Solutions Houston, Texas
IDEA Member
Plant constructed in 1998
Expanded in 2008
25,000 TR peak capacity
88,000 ton-hours ice storage
1C chilled water supply

Entergy Solutions Houston

Entergy Houston 2008 Capacity Upgrade

Entergy Houston 2008 Capacity Upgrade

Entergy Houston 2008 Capacity Upgrade

Entergy Houston 2008 Capacity Upgrade

Entergy Houston 2008 Capacity Upgrade

Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Reduced thermal energy storage space
Colder supply water temperatures
Increased operational flexibility

Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Reduced thermal energy storage space
Ice Storage requires 1/4 to 1/6 of the space of
chilled water storage
41.4 kW-Hr/m (1 Ton-Hr/3 ft)
Ice storage insensitive to system T
Lower real estate costs

5
18 5m
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55m D x 16m H

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55
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Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Colder supply water temperatures
Smaller distribution pumps and piping
Reduced pumping power
Allows for economical building isolation (indirect
interface) with smaller heat exchangers
Super high-rise building temperature cascade for
pressure isolation

External Melt (Direct Contact) Ice Coils

1C CW Supply

Colder Supply Water Temperatures

70 mW (19,900 Ton) Peak Load
CW Supply Temp.

CW Flow*

Difference

5C (41.0F)

7530 m/h (33170 gpm)

Base

4C (39.2F)

6700 m/h (29480 gpm)

-11%

3C (37.4F)

6030 m/h (26530 gpm)

-20%

2C (35.6F)

5480 m/h (24120 gpm)

-27%

1C (33.8F)

5020 m/h (22110 gpm)

-33%

*13C (55.4F) CW Return Temp.

Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Colder supply water temperatures
Smaller distribution pumps and piping
Reduced pumping power
Allows for economical building isolation (indirect
interface) with smaller heat exchangers
Allows for reduced air handler fan kW
Lower supply air temperature and increase
supply air T by 2C
13C/25C to 11C/25C
Saves 27% fan kW

Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Increased operational flexibility
Discharge very quickly
As fast as 1 to 2 hours

External Melt (Direct Contact) Ice Coils

Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Increased operational flexibility
Discharge very quickly
As fast as 1 to 2 hours
Following power interruptions, ice storage can
recover loop temperatures in minutes versus hours
Series arrangement

External Melt Piping Schematic

Key Advantages of Ice Thermal Storage

Summary
Reduced capital costs
Colder supply water temperatures
Increased operational flexibility

THANK YOU!