Fishikawa Diagram-A Tool for Analysis of

Failures in City Transport Services by

TSRTC
(Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of
PGDM)
PGDM Batch 2014-16

Submitted To
Prof C.S Pattnaik
Submitted By
Vaibhav V Lokare
Regn No.10047
Mobile No-7416795898

INTRODUCTION
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams, herringbone diagrams, causeand-effect diagrams, or Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru Ishikawa
(1968) that show the causes of a specific event. Common uses of the Ishikawa
diagram are product design and quality defect prevention to identify potential factors
causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of
variation. Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify these sources of
variation. The categories typically include

People: Anyone involved with the process

Methods: How the process is performed and the specific requirements for doing it,
such as policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws

Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc. required to accomplish the job

Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used to produce the final product

Measurements: Data generated from the process that are used to evaluate its quality

Environment: The conditions, such as location, time, temperature, and culture in

which the process operates
Ishikawa diagrams were popularized in the 1960s by Kaoru Ishikawa, who pioneered
quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards, and in the process became
one of the founding fathers of modern management.
The basic concept was first used in the 1920s, and is considered one of the seven basic
tools of quality control. It is known as a fishbone diagram because of its shape, similar
to the side view of a fish skeleton.
Mazda Motors famously used an Ishikawa diagram in the development of the Miata
sports car, where the required result was "Jinba Ittai" (Horse and Rider as One jap.
). The main causes included such aspects as "touch" and "braking" with the
lesser causes including highly granular factors such as "50/50 weight distribution" and
"able to rest elbow on top of driver's door". Every factor identified in the diagram was
included in the final design.
Causes
Causes in the diagram are often categorized, such as to the 5 M's, described below.
Cause-and-effect diagrams can reveal key relationships among various variables, and
the possible causes provide additional insight into process behavior.
Causes can be derived from brainstorming sessions. These groups can then be labeled
as categories of the fishbone. They will typically be one of the traditional categories
mentioned above but may be something unique to the application in a specific case.
Causes can be traced back to root causes with the 5 Whys technique
Typical categories are

The 5 M's (used in manufacturing industry)

Machine (technology)
Method (process)
Material (Includes Raw Material, Consumables and Information.)
Man Power (physical work)/Mind Power (brain work): Kaizens, Suggestions
Measurement (Inspection)
The original 5 M's used by the Toyota Production System have been expanded by
some to include the following and are referred to as the 8 Ms. However, this is not
globally recognized. It has been suggested to return to the roots of the tools and to
keep the teaching simple while recognizing the original intent; most programs do not
address the 8M's.
Milieu/Mother Nature(Environment)
Management/Money Power
Maintenance
The 8 P's (used in marketing industry)
Product/Service
Price
Place
Promotion
People/personnel
Process

 Physical Evidence
Publicity
The 8 P's are primarily used in service marketing.
The 4 S's (used in service industry)
Suppliers
Systems
Surroundings
Skills

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Water resources are said to be polluted when, because of man's action in adding or
causing the adding of matter to the water or altering the physical, chemical or

biological characteristics of water to such an extent that its utility for any reasonable
purpose or its environmental value is demonstrably depreciated.

The quality of

physicochemical and biological characterizations of water is an index to provide a

complete and reliable picture of the conditions prevailing for tropic status in the water
bodies. For present study following published literatures have been reviewed viz.,
water pollution causes, effects and control studies by (Goel, 1997). In which the
authors have presented various types of water pollution and the major sources and
control of pollution. "Pollution and Biomonitoring of Indian Rivers" (Trivedy, 2000),
was also reviewed, similar studies regarding the "Introduction to water pollution
Biology" have been presented by (Schmitz, 1995), (Tripathi and Pandey, 1995) in
"water pollution" observed the effect of heavy metal on algae and correlation was
shown between nutrient and phytoplankton. (Will Rich and William Hines, 1967)
Water pollution control and Abatement (Gower, 1980) water quality in catchments
Ecosystem(Khopkar, 2004), Environmental Pollution monitoring and control have
also been reviewed. (Manahan, 1997) Studied certain algal forms grow in the special
type of polluted water and these species are characteristic features for the particular
environment. These forms are the indicator of water pollution. (Palmer, 1969) in his
valuable review on algae as biological indicators of pollution found certain algae
tolerant to relatively raw sewage or organic waste
38
Similar studies regarding the use of algae as indicator of river water quality and
pollution has been emphasized by (Venkateswarlu, 1981) and (Kant, 1985). Studies on
algae as indicators of organic pollution (Kannan and Krishnamurthy, 1985) studied
diatoms as indicators of water quality (Mohanty, 1985) Studied algae as indicators of
water quality were reviewed. Studied algae as indicators of water quality by
(Narkhede and Raghothaman, 2007) were also reviewed. In some diatoms from
Hathnur Dam, Tapti River by (Kavitha and Balasingh, 2007) were reviewed.The
impact of sewage on the phytoplankton communities of parvathy puthanar canal,
Thiruvanthpuram (Rajukumar and Rita kumari, 2004) were reviewed. (Rai et al.,
1981) studied phycology and Heavy Metal pollution. And Heavy Metal tolerance in
algae isolated from contaminated lakes near Sadbury (Stokes et al., 1973) reviewed. In
Toxicity of Heavy Metals to fresh water algae (Whitton, 1970) also reviewed.
Diatoms population seen in Tapti river, Maharashtra studied by (Narkhede and
Ragothaman, 2007) were reviewed.(Govindasamy et al., 2007) studied Impact of

Municipal wastes on the river water quality of river Palar, Tamilnadu.

(Sheeba and Ramanujan, 2005) worked on Phytoplankton composition and
distribution in Ithikkara river, Kerala. And he was stated that Ithikkara River is rich in
algal species quantitatively and qualitatively. He observed that Bacillariophycae more
abundant than the other group of Phytoplankton.

(Kavitha et al., 2005) in

which they gave the information regarding to Genera like Chroococcus, Anacystis,
Oscillatoria , Microcystis,
39
Oocystis, Spirogyra, Stigeoclonium, Navicula, Nitzschia, Cyclotella, Cymbella,
Synedra and Cocconeis were recorded as pollution indicators.

Algae are

the Predominant Organisms in water bodies and contribute to Primary Productivity of

the aquatic ecosystems. The algal diversity and Occurrence of specific Taxa in a water
body varies considerably basing on the change in Physico-Chemical characters like
pH, BOD, COD, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity etc. Basing on the Occurrence and
Diversity Pattern, algae are used as the indicators species of Aquatic environments by
(Jena et al., 2005) were reviewed. (Nivedita and Hema, 2010) Studied Algal
Biodiversity and Physico-Chemical characteristics of River Kosi in Almora District.
Physico-Chemical Parameters and Chlorophyll Concentration were fluctuate and
Seasonal variation were obtained in a Study conducted by (Abidi et al., 1983) were
reviewed.

Various aspects of algal taxonomy, Physiology and ecology further

concentration more on the problems of environment like Pollutants and their effect on
Plankton biology of algae with reference to uptake and accumulation of metals and
detoxification mechanism in algae, heavy metals effects in aquatic food chain, biofouling and bio-corrosion by algae and their controls by (Anand, 2002) were also
reviewed. He also worked on the role of Diatoms in bioaccumulation, Biotransference
and Biomagnifications of Heavy Metals.

Cyanobacterial biodiversity of the

Tributaries of the river Kaveri by (Sankaran, 2006) were studied. Seasonal Variation in
Primary Production of Two Freshwater Rock pools of kollam District, Kerala by
(Danielkutty and Sobha, 2006) was reviewed. He also studied on Chlorophyll-a
exhibited direct relation with the Variations in the Phytoplankton Biomass and
Productivity.

The species composition of phytoplankton communities differs

depending on the local climate, Soil, and sewage like environmental factors might be
associated with differences among the Species include the availability of nutrients and
the degree of mixing or stratification by (Rajukumar and Ritakumari, 2004) were

reviewed.The results of the study that there exist differences in species composition
and in relative abundance of the various Phytoplankton communities of the
ecosystems. The fluctuations and the interactions of environmental factors are of
significance when analyzing the nature and extent of sewage.

Studied on

Algal Diversity in Temple Ponds from North Goa by (Tejaswini and Vijaya, 2004)
were reviewed. In this Ankistrodesmus sp., Scenedesmus sp., Closterium sp.,
Pediastrum sp., were the dominant green algae and Microcystis sp., Merismopodia sp.,
Oscillatoria sp. were common algae. (Vishnoi and Srivastava, 2004) studied on Algal
flora of polluted water bodies around Jodhpur were reviewed.

Heavy Metal

are considered as major environmental pollutants and regarded to be Cytotoxic,

Mutagenic, and Carcinogenic. The Heavy Metal pollution of natural environment has
been consistently increasing through effluents, sedimentation of rocks and mining
activities. High concentrations of all heavy metals are toxic to biological systems and
effect of some heavy metal compounds on growth and differentiation in a blue green
and green algae by (Ahluwalia and Manjit, 1988) were studied. And same worked
was also done by (Rai et al., 1981) inPhycology and Heavy Metal Pollution .
Algae constitute a major Part of the Primary Producers in Aquatic and Terrestrial
ecosystems. In spite of high concentration of various toxic metals in the environment,
metal tolerance and adaptation to higher concentration have been worked out in many
Algal Species by (Stokes et al., 1973) were studied.

(Sachidanandamurthy

and Yajurvedi, 2004) was also worked on monthly variation in water quality
parameters of a perennial lake in Mysore City.

Studies on the effect of

various industrial effluents on Damodar River Ecosystem by (Ghatak and Konar,

1992) were reviewed. In this the Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of
river water was found generally gradually changed due to drainage of various
industrial effluents. The concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen, Phosphate of waste was
significantly decrease but carbon dioxide was increased at various sites.And resulted
in

decreases

of

Phytoplankton

communities

of

the

river

water.

Hydrobiological studies regarding rivers are scares but its relation with algae are few.
Studies on river hydrobiology in Indian regions have been done by many workers for
many rivers from time to time. (Venkateswarlu, 1969) studied ecology of algal flora of
the moosi rivers, Hydrabad with special reference to water pollution. He studied the
physicochemical characteristics affecting the distribution and periodicity of algae. The
change in algal flora in the Cauvery River due to industrial and domestic pollution was

studied by (Parmasivum and Sreenivasan, 1981). Effect of Industial effluents on

Phytoplankton communities of the river Ganga was studied by (Bigrami and Siddiqui,
1980). Seasonal variations of Phytoplanktons in the Vishwamitri River Baroda were
studied by (Nandan and Patel, 1985).
Earlier works was done on Tapi river by Ragothman and Manoj (1993), Kapila
Manoj and Chauhan Manish (1999), Kapila Manoj and Himanshu Patel (1999),
Ragothaman (2007), Ragothaman et al. (2004), Narkhede and Raghothaman, (2007),
Ragothaman and Ramaih,(1986), Jaiswal (1990), Sarin and Swami, (1981),
Ragothaman and Reddy (1982).

NEED FOR THE SYUDY

1.To overcome the failures of TSRTC so as it is not functioning properly.
2.To attract the customers of other means of transport towards roadways or you can
say towards TSRTC.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY.

1.It can be done on TSRTC of Hyderabad.
2.All the customers dont have same review regarding the TSRTC.
3.Time is very limited to study completely on the failures.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.To study the reasons for the failure of TSRTC .

ABOUT Telangana State Road Transport Corporation

Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) is a state-owned company
that runs transport services within the Indian state of Telangana. It was formed in 2014
by splitting the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Many other Indian
metro towns in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Orissa and Chhattisgarh
are also linked with the services of TSRTC. It serves about 9.2 million passengers
every day, having three zones and Services operating through 94 depots.
Services

Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) will have three zones, 11
regions, 95 depots and 357 bus stations. The TSRTC buses will undertake operations
on 3,687 routes, having an approximate fleet of 10,460 under its wing.
Types of TSRTC services
Garuda And Garuda Plus
The Garuda and Garuda plus services are the A/C services running from district
headquarters to Hyderabad and other cities like Bangalore, Chennai, Shridi, Mumbai,
Pune, Adilabad, Vijayawada, Eluru and other cities.
The RTC provides disposable seat covers by changing over for every trip including air
freshener, face freshener and water bottle.
The Garuda buses are of Volvo B7R, Isuzu and AL Luxura. The Garuda plus buses are
of Volvo (B9R & B11R) and MercedesBenz Multiaxles.

Hyderabad city buses

Buses with green and dark green shades. They were supplemented with few doubledecker buses, but in the year 2003 the corporation has decided to withdraw doubledeckers because of the operation difficulties. The colour scheme of the ordinary city
buses has also been changed to white and orange gradually from the year 2002. Types
of Hyderabad Bus Services are Ordinary, Metro express, Metro deluxe, City Sheetal
(a/c), Metro Luxury (a/c)
Airport Services (Hyderabad)[edit]
TSRTC provides airport bus services called "Pushpak" to Rajiv Gandhi International
Airport from different places of Hyderabad. The fare ranges between INR100-200.
Buses operate between 3 in the morning to 12 midnight.
Routes:
Secunderabad - RGIA (Via: L.B. Nagar, Pahadi Shareef)
Secunderabad - RGIA (Via: Secretariat)

S.R.Nagar - RGIA (Via: Paryatak Bhavan, Pension Office)

JNTUH (Kukatpally) - RGIA (Via: Malaysian Township, Shilparamam (Hitech
City))
Deluxe and Super luxury
Deluxe services previously known as TSRTC Luxury buses have been named has
Deluxe, can be seen in different colour pattern but mostly in purple and white
combination. These buses do not have push backable seats. Super Luxury are non-ac
and video coaches which are running from various places to various places. Buses Run
From Hyderabad to Bangalore, Pune, Nagpur, Macherla, Tirupathi, Vijayawada,
Adilabad, Mahabubnagar, Warangal(Hanmakonda), etc. They are semi-sleepers.
Palleveluguedit
PALLE VELUGU Bus
This bus was old red bus. Colours and red bus name changes to TSRTC Pallevelugu
the colour scheme is predominantly dark green over, usually connects the villages to
nearby towns.
Express
This is similar to the TSRTC express service before but in new white and sky blue
stripes.
The express buses serve from district headquarters to nearby towns and cities and also
between major cities.
Current fleet
Advance reservation facility is provided through Online Passenger Reservation
System (OPRS) for the different types of services mentioned hereunder:

Bibliography
1. http://www.tsrtconline.in/oprs-web/
2. http://www.sixsigmastudyguide.com/cause-effect-diagram-aka-ishikawafishbone-herringbone-fishikawa/

3. http://pmstudycircle.com/2014/07/fishbone-cause-and-effect-or-ishikawadiagram/

4.