Construction Of: Composting Plant, New Landfill Feteni and Shut Down Râureni Landfill. Section 2 - Feteni Landfill

CENTRAL FINANCE AND CONTRACTS UNIT
MINISTRY OF FINANCE ROMANIA

6-8 MAGHERU AV., 5th FLOOR, SECTOR 1, BUCHAREST
PHONE 4021 301 93 01; FAX 4021 210 64 56
EUR O P EA N
U N IO N
P ro je c t fi n a n c e d u n d e r Is p a
Construction of: Composting Plant, New Landfill Feteni and Shut down
Rureni Landfill
TENDER DOSSIER
VOLUME 3
SECTION 2
PARTICULAR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
CENTRAL FINANCE AND CONTRACTS UNIT
MINISTRY OF FINANCE ROMANIA

6-8 MAGHERU AV., 5th FLOOR, SECTOR 1, BUCHAREST
PHONE 4021 301 93 01; FAX 4021 210 64 56
New Landfill Feteni
Revision
No.
Date
Name
VOLUME 3
SECTION 2
PARTICULAR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
New Landfill Feteni
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
CONSTRUCTION OF: COMPOSTING PLANT, NEW LANDFILL FETENI AND SHUT DOWN RAURENI LANDFILL
Volume 3 Section 2: Part. Tec. Specs. New Landfill Feteni
February 2004
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Particular Technical Specifications

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................7
SITE INFORMATION......................................................................................................9
2.1 TOPOGRAPHY............................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 GEOLOGY...................................................................................................................................................................9
2.3 AREA FOR STOCKPILING/ADDITIONAL INSITU CLAY EXTRACTION.....................................................9
3. LANDFILL CONAINMENT AREA...................................................................................10

3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................................10
3.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1 Construction Method Statement...........................................................................................................................11
3.2.2 Level Surveys.......................................................................................................................................................11
3.3 PREPARATORY EARTHWORKS..........................................................................................................................11
3.3.1 General..................................................................................................................................................................11
3.3.2 Site Clearance.......................................................................................................................................................12
3.3.3 Excavation to Landfill Profile..............................................................................................................................12
3.3.4 Filling to Landfill Profile......................................................................................................................................13
3.3.5 Stockpiling of Excavated Materials......................................................................................................................13
3.3.6 Construction of Toe Bund.....................................................................................................................................13
3.4 UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE...............................................................................................................................14
3.5 CONTAINMENT LINING SYSTEM......................................................................................................................16
3.5.1 General..................................................................................................................................................................16
3.5.2 Mineral Liner........................................................................................................................................................16
3.5.3Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)............................................................................................................................19
3.5.4Geomembrane........................................................................................................................................................20
3.5.5.Protective Geotextile............................................................................................................................................21
3.5.6Leachate Drainage Layer.......................................................................................................................................22
3.6 LEACHATE CONTROL SYSTEM.........................................................................................................................22
3.6.1. General Description.............................................................................................................................................23
3.6.2.Collection Pipework.............................................................................................................................................23
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3.6.3. Collection Chambers...........................................................................................................................................23

3.6.4. Cells 1/2 Chamber Connector Pipe.................................................................................................................24
3.6.5. Extraction Risers.............................................................................................................................................24
3.6.6. Leachate Pumps...............................................................................................................................................25
4 LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT..................................................................................26

4.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................................26
4.1.2. Estimation on the Leachate Flow in Rureni and Fteni Landfills.................................................................26
4.1.3. Estimation on the Leachate composition........................................................................................................27
4.2. SUITABILITY OF MECHANICAL PLANT.........................................................................................................30
4.3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................31
4.3.1. Interchangeability............................................................................................................................................31
4.3.2. Standards and codes........................................................................................................................................31
4.3.3. Packing for transport.......................................................................................................................................32
4.3.4. Spare parts, measuring instruments, workshop machines and tools...............................................................33
4.3.5. Stores system...................................................................................................................................................35
4.3.6. Operation, maintenance and repair manuals...................................................................................................36
4.4 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF THE PLANT.........................................................................................38
4.4.1. Factory test.........................................................................................................................................................38
4.4.2. Check before shipping.....................................................................................................................................38
4.4.3. Site Inspection during installation...................................................................................................................39
4.4.4. Inspection and testing after installation...........................................................................................................39
4.5 TRAINING..................................................................................................................................................................41
4.5.1. General................................................................................................................................................................41
4.5.2. Training subjects in general............................................................................................................................42
4.5.3. Training courses..............................................................................................................................................43
4.6 STEELWORKS IN GENERAL................................................................................................................................45
4.6.1. Steel structures.....................................................................................................................................................45
4.6.2. Stainless steel..................................................................................................................................................45
4.6.3. Welding...........................................................................................................................................................46
4.7 ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.........................................................................................................48
4.8 BOLTS.........................................................................................................................................................................48
4.9 CHEMICAL ANCHORS AND ANCHOR BOLTS.................................................................................................49
4. 10 PIPEWORK IN GENERAL...................................................................................................................................49
4.10.1. General...............................................................................................................................................................49
4.10.2.
Stainless steel pipes...............................................................................................................................50
4.10.3.
Flanges...................................................................................................................................................50
4.10.4.
Hatches..................................................................................................................................................50
4.11 MISCELLANEOUS PLANT...................................................................................................................................50
4.11.1. Lifting Plant.......................................................................................................................................................50
4.11.2.
Instruments............................................................................................................................................51
4.12 CORROSION PROTECTION................................................................................................................................51
4.12.1. General...............................................................................................................................................................51
4.12.2.
Galvanising............................................................................................................................................51
4.12.3.
Inspection of corrosion protection in general........................................................................................52
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4.13 MACHINERY IN GENERAL.................................................................................................................................52

4.13.1. Drive units.........................................................................................................................................................52
4.13.2.
Machinery guards and labelling............................................................................................................52
4.13.3.
Marking of machinery...........................................................................................................................53
4.13.4.
Lubrication.............................................................................................................................................53
4.13.5.
Motors....................................................................................................................................................54
4.14 SUPPRESSION OF NOISES..................................................................................................................................56
4.15 MECHANICAL COMPONENTS..........................................................................................................................56
4.15.1. Pumps................................................................................................................................................................56
4.15.2.
Valves and penstocks.............................................................................................................................58
4.15.3.
Pressure gauges......................................................................................................................................58
4.15.4.
Mixers....................................................................................................................................................59
5 LANDFILL GAS EXTRACTION SYSTEM.......................................................................59

5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................................59
5.2 COLLECTION WELLS............................................................................................................................................59
5.3 TRANSMISSION MAINS.........................................................................................................................................60
5.4 CONDENSATE OUTLET WELLS..........................................................................................................................60
5.5 FLARE SYSTEM.......................................................................................................................................................60
6 SURFACE WATER CONTROL MEASURES...................................................................62

7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING WELLS.....................................................................63
8 SITE INFRASTRUCTURE................................................................................................64
8.1 UPGRADING OF EXISTING ACCESS ROAD.....................................................................................................64
8.2 CONSTRUCTION OF LANDFILL SERVICE ROAD..........................................................................................64
8.3 BUILDINGS................................................................................................................................................................64
8.3.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................64
8.3.2. General............................................................................................................................................................65
8.3.3. Handling, Storage and Use Of Materials........................................................................................................65
8.3.4. Submittals........................................................................................................................................................65
8.3.5. Concrete Works...............................................................................................................................................67
8.3.6. Structural framing...........................................................................................................................................75
8.3.7. Cladding & Covering......................................................................................................................................78
8.3.8. Windows and doors.........................................................................................................................................79
8.3.9. Tiling...............................................................................................................................................................81
8.3.10.
Paintwork...............................................................................................................................................82
8.3.11.
Wallfinishing..........................................................................................................................................83
8.3.12.
Ceiling finishings...................................................................................................................................86
8.3.13.
External works.......................................................................................................................................87
8.3.14.
Mechanical Services..............................................................................................................................87
8.3.15.
Indoor electrical connections.................................................................................................................91
8.3.16.
Ancillary installations............................................................................................................................94
8.4 UTILITIES..................................................................................................................................................................97
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8.4.1.
8.4.2.
8.4.3.
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Water Supply...................................................................................................................................................97
Electricity Supply............................................................................................................................................98
Lighting.........................................................................................................................................................101
Appendices
Appendix A Ground Investigation Data
Appendix B Grading Requirements for Toe Bund Rock Fill and Graded Filter Layers
Appendix C Landfill Containment System Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan
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INTRODUCTION
This section provides the particular technical requirements for the construction of the new
landfill facility at Feteni. The Works are to comprise the construction of all elements
necessary to produce a functioning landfill site including the landfill containment system
and all necessary infrastructures. The landfill containment system will comprise six
individual cells. The Works shall comprise the following main elements:
Clearance of trees and bushes from construction areas,
Excavation of the landfill area to formation levels separating humus, granular soils,
clay soils and residual general soils,
Transportation and stockpiling of the excavated materials at a designated location,
Installation of an under-drainage system to de-water the existing slope,
Construction of a retaining toe bund using imported rock fill,
Installation of the containment lining system to the full landfill area (Cells 1 to 6)
comprising a 0.5m mineral liner, a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), a 2.0mm
Geomembrane and a protective geotextile. It is proposed that the mineral liner will
be constructed from clay materials excavated from the landfill area and from a
nearby deposit of insitu clay (at the designated stockpiling location),
Installation of a 300mm stone leachate drainage layer over the lining system,
Installation of leachate control systems to Cells 1 and 2, comprising collection

pipework, collection chamber, extraction riser, leachate pump and discharge pipe,
Installation of leachate collection pipework to Cells 3 to 6,
Installation of a leachate treatment plant,
Installation of the infrastructure for a landfill gas extraction system,
Installation of collection ditches to control surface water runoff,
Installation of two environmental monitoring wells outside the landfill area,
Upgrading of the existing access road to the site,
Construction of a service road to the landfill area,
Installation of a site office, garage, storage area, weighbridge and wheelwash

(including foundations),
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Provision of a water supply for general operations and fire contingency by

installation of a groundwater well and construction of a holding tank,
Installation of an electricity supply to service all infrastructure,
Installation of lighting to the site entrance and landfill service road,
Installation of security fencing to the upper boundary of the site.
The location of the site is shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-100.
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3
SITE INFORMATION
2.1 TOPOGRAPHYOPOGRAPHY
The site is situated within a hilly area and is located on a sloping hillside at elevations
increasing from 400 to 470m above sea level (m.a.s.l.). The slope has a dished profile of
overall gradient ranging typically between 12% and 17%. The ground surface is irregular
with many humps and hollows. The area slopes in a general south-north direction and is
bounded to the east and west by steep flanks, which converge towards the toe of the
slope. The topography of the site is shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-101.
2.2 GEOLOGY
The geology at the site generally comprises the following strata (typical dimensions in
brackets):
Topsoil (0.1 - 0.2m thick)
Interspersed layers of silts, sands and clays (total thickness 3 - 8m)
Weathered marl (0 - 2.5m thick)
Strong grey marl (at 5 - 9m depth)
In the central area of the slope groundwater has been identified at depths ranging typically
between 1m and 4m.
Ground investigation works have been carried out at the site comprising 7 No. boreholes
and 17 No. trial pits. The data obtained from the borehole drilling is summarised in an
interpretive report presented at Appendix A, together with the logs and test results from the
trial pitting works. The locations of the exploratory holes are shown on Drawing 9643-Ft101.
2.3 AREA FOR STOCKPILING/ADDITIONAL INSITU CLAY EXTRACTION
The designated area for bulk stockpiling of excavated soils and for the excavation of
additional mineral lining clay is located a distance of approximately 1km from the site along
the access road from Feteni to Ramnicu Valcea. The area comprises a narrow strip of
land, which extends alongside the access road for approximately 0.5km. The topography
of the area is flat and generally at the same elevation as the road. The area is grassed and
contains some soil stockpiles from nearby excavation works. The surface geology of the
area comprises approximately 200mm of topsoil overlying clay strata. The clay material
has a high clay content to depths identified from 1.5m to 1.8m. This stratum overlies a
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material with a lower clay content to depths exceeding 3.5m. Laboratory test results for the
respective strata are included in Appendix A.
3. LANDFILL CONAINMENT AREA
3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The landfill profile shall comprise a semi-circular basal area bounded by a large toe bund.
The basal area shall have a radial fall of 3% to a low point at the mid-point of the toe bund
and shall be sub-divided into Cells 1 and 2 by the construction of an intercell clay bund
above the mineral liner.
From the basal area 25% slopes shall extend up to an intermediate bench. The bench
shall have a formation width of 6m and a longitudinal fall of 1% from west to east and a
lateral fall of 3%. Following mineral liner construction a ditch shall be formed in the bench
for the drainage of surface water runoff from upper elevations. From the bench, upper
slopes shall extend to the top of the existing slope, generally at the existing gradient but
not exceeding 25%. The landfill formation profile and longitudinal sections are shown on
Drawings 9643-Ft-270 and 9643-Ft-271 respectively. Cross-sections of the toe bund
construction are shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-272.
Following formation of the landfill profile, an under-drainage system shall be installed. This
shall comprise a central spine drain with six lateral branch drains extending across the
landfill area and a perimeter drain around the full area. The layout and installation details
for the drains are detailed on Drawings 9643-Ft-511 and 9643-Ft-512.
Following installation of the under-drainage system a 0.5m thick mineral liner shall be
constructed across the full landfill area. Intercell and edge bunds shall be constructed from
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engineered clay above the mineral liner at the locations and to the details presented on
Drawing 9643-Ft-273. The
mineral liner shall be covered with a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), a 2.0mm textured high
density polyethylene (HDPE) Geomembrane, a protective geotextile and a 300mm thick
gravel leachate drainage layer, as detailed on Drawing 9643-Ft-274.
Leachate control measures shall be installed to Cells 1 and 2 comprising a network of
collection pipework converging at a collection chamber at the low point of the cell. From
the chamber a riser pipe shall be installed up the slope of the toe bund to its crest. A
leachate pump shall be installed in the Cell 1 riser pipe. From the top of the riser pipe a
discharge pipe shall be installed to convey the pumped leachate to the leachate treatment
plant. The chambers of Cells 1 and 2 shall be connected with a pipe passing through the
intercell bund. In Cell 2 this connector pipe shall incorporate a valve to prevent leachate
from Cell 1 entering Cell 2 during the filling of Cell 1, but allowing interconnection of the
two extraction systems during future operations. Networks of leachate collection pipework
shall be partially installed to Cells 3 to 6 as shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-513. The lower
pipe of each network and the connection to the Cells 1/2 pipework will not be installed until
the respective cell is required for tipping.
To intercept surface water runoff from entering the landfill area a perimeter drainage ditch
shall be installed to direct flows around the boundary of the landfill. The ditch on the
intermediate bench will direct flows from the upper slopes to the perimeter ditch. The
layout and construction details for the ditches are shown on Drawings 9643-Ft-510 and
9643-Ft-274 respectively.
3.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2.1 Construction Method Statement

Prior to the commencement of the Works the Contractor shall submit a detailed method
statement for all elements of construction of the landfill containment area for the approval
of the Engineer. The statement shall include specific reference to the sequence of
respective operations.
3.2.2 Level Surveys

The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of co-ordinated level data verifying
elevations of all earthworks and the thickness of the mineral liner and leachate drainage
layer. Layer thickness surveys shall be carried out on a minimum 10m square grid and
shall accurately define the toe and crest of all slopes. The Contractor shall be responsible
for demonstrating that the requisite layer thickness has been achieved at all locations
including the perpendicular thickness on slopes.
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On completion of each respective element of the construction works, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer an as-constructed drawing detailing appropriate level information
and any other pertinent details. This shall include drawings showing the precise layout and
dimensions of the installed GCL and Geomembrane panels detailing panel references and
repair locations. The drawings shall be submitted within 5 working days of the completion
of each survey and shall be in both digital DXF format and hard copy.
3.3 PREPARATORY EARTHWORKS
3.3.1 General
The landfill basal profile is to be created within the existing slope by the formation of a
basal area and back slopes with a maximum gradient of 25%. The back slopes will
comprise upper and lower slopes separated by an intermediate bench. The waste profile is
to be retained by a large bund constructed at the toe of the area. The requisite formation
profile is detailed on Drawings 9643-Ft-270 and 9643-Ft-271 and has been designed to fit
the existing slope profile to minimise excavation and filling to the slope, with the crest of
the upper slopes terminating approximately at existing ground level. Upon setting out the
design profile, the Contractor shall inform the Engineer of any significant discrepancies
between the topographical data supplied, the actual topography and the design profile so
that, if necessary, adjustments to the design profile can be made. The upper slope shall
have a uniform gradient between its crest and the intermediate bench. The formation
surface shall be surveyed in accordance with Section 3.2.2 to confirm that the requisite
design profile, with any adjustments, has been achieved. The preparatory earthworks shall
be carried out in accordance with the details presented below.
3.3.2 Site Clearance

Prior to the commencement of earthworks, areas of the site will require clearance of
substantial vegetation comprising predominantly small trees and bushes. This should be
achievable by bulldozer and excavator. The dense vegetation is predominantly in the lower
part of the site. There are occasional large trees, which may require felling prior to
removal. The cleared vegetation shall be transported and deposited in a separate stockpile
within the designated area.
3.3.3 Excavation to Landfill Profile

The excavation works to create the formation profile shall be carried out in a manner that
segregates the following soils, which shall be handled, transported and stockpiled
separately:
Humus
Granular soils
Clay soils
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General soils
The humus will generally comprise the surface material to a depth of approximately
200mm although deeper materials may be present.
The various soil strata are generally interspersed across the area and the attentiveness of
excavator operatives shall be required to identify the different soil types. The Engineer
shall pay close attention to the excavation works to verify that appropriate separation of
the materials is being achieved.
Particular attention shall be paid to excavation of the clay soils to avoid inclusion of any
non-clay soil. The excavation, handling and stockpiling of the clay soils shall be carried out
in a manner, which promotes maximum mixing of the soils such that a homogeneous
material is produced suitable for constructing the mineral liner.
Where clay layers are too thin to allow their excavation separately from dominant non-clay
layers the material shall be excavated in bulk as the respective non-clay soil.
Should groundwater present a problem to the excavation/filling works at any location the
Contractor shall inform the Engineer who shall decide on the required course of action.
This may comprise the installation of under-drainage measures at the location prior to
further works.
To provide a suitable subgrade to the overlying mineral liner the excavated formation
surface shall be prepared to a smooth, even profile and shall be proof-rolled to verify a firm
foundation. Any soft areas shall be excavated and filled with suitable compacted
excavated materials. The suitability of the completed surface shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer.
At the location of the toe bund all clay and silt strata shall be excavated down to sand or
marl. In borehole F2 clay and silt strata have been identified to a depth of 3.7m.
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3.3.4.
Filling to Landfill Profile
Where filling is required this shall be carried out using suitable excavated, dry granular
materials. These materials shall be identified during excavation such that they may be
transported and placed directly from excavation. Fill shall be placed and compacted in
layers using appropriate heavy compaction plant in accordance with Romanian Regulation
STAS 2914-84. Areas to receive fill shall be graded to a uniform profile and shall be free
from soft spots and water. Approval of the Engineer shall be required of any areas to
receive fill prior to the placement of any fill materials and of the nature of the proposed fill
material. If deemed necessary by the Engineer the Contractor shall test the density of the
compacted fill to confirm that a satisfactory degree of compaction is being achieved. This
may require a compaction trial to be carried out prior to the commencement of the filling
works. If compaction testing is instructed this shall include laboratory Proctor compaction
testing on the fill material to determine the requisite density criteria.
3.3.5
Stockpiling of Excavated Materials
The respective excavated materials shall be formed into distinctly separate stockpiles
within the designated area. The stockpiles shall be formed with a regular profile and
uniform slopes which shall be sealed by suitable compaction to ensure efficient discharge
of rainfall. Suitable drainage shall be provided around the stockpiles to prevent the
accumulation of rainfall runoff.
The stockpile of clay materials shall be formed in horizontal layers not exceeding 500mm
thick such that maximum mixing of the materials will be achieved during their subsequent
excavation.
3.3.6 Construction of Toe Bund

Prior to construction of the toe bund unsuitable surface soils shall be excavated, as
detailed in Section 3.2.3, to provide a suitable foundation for the bund and the underdrains
shall be installed across the respective area, as detailed in Section 3.3 below. The bund
foundation shall be formed to a stepped profile, as detailed on Drawing 9643-Ft-272. The
Engineer shall designate a qualified geological/geotechnical representative to verify the
suitability of the bund foundation following the removal of all clay and silt materials and of
the final configuration of the stepped profile including determination of the longitudinal
extent of the steps. Prior to construction of the bund the foundation shall be lined with a
separation geotextile and covered with a 0.5m thick layer of 16-32mm gravel. The
separation geotextile shall comply with the specification for the lining system protective
geotextile.
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The toe bund shall be constructed in accordance with the cross-sections presented on
Drawing 9643-Ft-272 with an internal slope of 50%, a crest width of 5m at an elevation of
430masl. and an external slope of 67%. The external face shall extend to 405masl. The
bund shall be constructed using imported crushed rock with a grading in general
compliance with the envelope shown graphically at Appendix B. The rock fill shall be
placed and compacted in layers in accordance with Romanian Regulation STAS 2914-84.
Prior to construction of the mineral liner, two graded filter layers shall be placed against the
internal 50% slope of the toe bund. The lower filter shall comprise a stone layer to a
minimum thickness of 250mm above the largest rock particles of the toe bund surface. The
upper layer shall comprise a sand layer to a thickness of 250mm. The grading of the filter
layers with respect to the grading of the toe bund fill shall be in general accordance with
the envelopes shown graphically at Appendix B. The Contractor shall provide
representative grading curves for the proposed toe bund fill and filter layers to the
Engineer who shall assess their suitability and if necessary determine any adjustments to
the filter layer gradings.
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3.4
UNDERGROUND DRAINAGE
To drain groundwater in the slope an
under-drainage system shall be installed comprising a network of drains, as shown on
Drawing 9643-Ft-511. The drainage system shall comprise a central spine drain running
perpendicular to the slope with six lateral branch drains extending across the landfill area.
In addition, a perimeter drain shall be installed around the full landfill area to intercept any
additional or seasonal flows.
The methodology for drain installation is the responsibility of the Contractor but,
considering the depth of the drains in certain areas and the nature of the insitu materials, it
may be necessary to install sections of the drains in two stages of vertical elevation, by
local filling or excavation, such that the interim depths of installation can be reduced.
Following installation of the lower drain elevation the line of the drain shall be accurately
surveyed prior to overfilling works such that excavation for installation of the upper drain
elevation corresponds exactly. Trench boxes or similar protection methodology shall be
used during drain installation.
The drains shall comprise a 1m wide trench lined with a filter geotextile and filled with 1632mm drainage stone, complying with the grading requirements of Table 3.4.5.1, and
incorporating a perforated or slotted HDPE or polypropylene (PP) pipe at its base. For the
central drain the pipe shall be 400mm internal diameter and for the perimeter and branch
drains 200mm. The installation profiles and construction details for the drains are shown
on Drawings 9643-Ft-511 and 9643-Ft-512 respectively. Where the drains pass beneath
the toe bund the respective pipes shall be non-perforated steel in place of plastic. The
steel pipes shall have a fully protective epoxy coating or similar approved and shall
conform to EN 598. Suitable secure connectors shall be provided for connecting the steel
and plastic pipes. These connectors shall be factory-manufactured and shall be subject to
the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall take account of any deflection of the
underdrains beneath the toe bund caused by its construction such that excessive
differential deflection of the drains does not occur at the up-gradient edge of the bund. If
deemed necessary the Contractor shall programme his installation of the drains to avoid
differential movement or, if installed, shall monitor the deflection and condition of the drains
at these locations to verify that excessive movement has not occurred, to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.
At the upper elevations of the central drain thick clay strata are present which may be
confining groundwater under pressure. Consequently, the central drain trench in this
location shall be deepened to a depth of 1m below the clay strata and filled with 16-32mm
drainage stone up to the level of the underside of the drain, as detailed on Drawing 9643Ft-512. The clay strata have been identified to depths of approximately 6m. The requisite
depth and longitudinal extent of this additional trench installation shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer (or designated geological/geotechnical representative) on site.
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Pipe junctions shall use only purpose-made factory-manufactured branch connections to

the required angles and dimensions.
In areas to receive fill, following removal of the humus layer, and in areas where
excavation to formation level is required, the excavated surface shall be inspected for any
evidence of springs and at such locations additional connector drains shall be installed to
the nearest underdrain. At the location of the spring a pad of drainage stone shall be
installed of minimum dimensions 3m squares by 1m deep within a filter geotextile
wrapping. The connector drains shall be installed to a minimum depth of 1m and with a
minimum fall to the underdrain of 2%. The drains shall be constructed in accordance with
the details for the perimeter drain.
At its upper end the central drain shall be extended to ground level using non-perforated
pipe to provide access to the drain for de-silting and de-fouling. This pipe shall be installed
in a suitable trench with a minimum 250mm bed and surround of drainage gravel and
backfilled with suitable excavated materials. The end of the pipe shall be fitted with a
suitable lockable cap.
The central and perimeter drains shall converge at the base of the slope outside the toe
bund at an invert level of 405masl. At this point a stone pad shall be installed to provide
scour protection extending from the toe bund by 30m to an elevation of 404masl. The pad
shall be 15m wide at its base and shall have wing-walls of elevation of 408 masl. to 404
m.a.s.l. The pad shall be constructed using the toe bund stone to a thickness of 500mm
over a separation geotextile, following removal of the humus layer as a minimum. The
separation geotextile shall comply with the specification for the lining system protective
geotextile.
The lower section of the perforated pipes shall be non-perforated over approximately one
third of its circumference to provide good flow characteristics within the pipe. The pipes
shall have a minimum open area of 10% with aperture size optimised for flow whilst
minimising sedimentation in the pipe and maintaining the structural integrity of the pipe.
The pipes shall
be securely connected using non-retractable push- or screw-fit joints, butt-fusion welding
or electro-fusion couplings as applicable. The connecting system shall prevent separation
of the pipes during installation of the drains and under the subsequent loading conditions.
Full details of all proposed pipework products shall be submitted for the prior approval of
the Engineer confirming their suitability. These details shall include calculations confirming
that the strength and deflection characteristics of the pipes and the longevity of the
proposed materials are suitable for the proposed application.
The filter geotextile shall be a non-woven product manufactured from polyethylene (PE) or
PP complying with the requirements of Table 3.4.
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Table 3.4: Filter Geotextile Specification

TEST METHOD
REQUIRED
VALUE
DIN EN 965
200 g/m2
Water Permeability
DIN EN ISO 11058
65 l/sm2
Apparent Opening Size (AOS 090)
DIN EN ISO 12956
0.2 mm
DIN EN ISO 12236
1,600 N
PROPERTY
Physical Properties
Mass per unit area
Hydraulic Properties
Mechanical Properties
Static Puncture Strength
m.d.
7 kN/m
c.m.d.
11 kN/m
m.d.
30 %
c.m.d.
30 %
Maximum Tensile Strength

DIN EN ISO 10319
Tensile Extension at Maximum Load
(Note: m.d. = machine direction, c.m.d. = cross-machine direction)
3.5
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CONTAINMENT LINING SYSTEM
3.5.1 General
In addition to this specification, construction of the lining system shall be carried out in
accordance with the requirements of the Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan,
presented at Appendix C.
Installation of the geosynthetic clay liner and Geomembrane components of the lining
system shall be carried out only by suitably qualified and experienced specialist installers.
3.5.2 Mineral Liner

3.5.2.1General Description
The clay liner shall be constructed to a minimum thickness of 0.5m. On the intermediate
bench the liner shall be thickened to 1.5m and on the perimeter crests to 1.0m. Above the
mineral liner intercell bunds shall be constructed to separate the adjacent cells and edge
bunds shall be constructed to the western and eastern sides of the landfill area to provide
perimeter containment. The bunds shall be constructed from engineered clay. The
construction details for the mineral liner and bunds are shown on Drawings 9643-Ft-274
and 9643-Ft-273 respectively.
3.5.2.2
Material Source
To form the mineral liner it is proposed to use the clay materials generated from the landfill
excavation together with clay excavated from an insitu deposit at the designated
stockpiling area. Prior to construction of the mineral liner the Contractor shall be
responsible for retrieving and testing samples from each the sources of the stockpiled clay
and the clay deposit for the following tests to confirm that the requisite specification can be
achieved:
A.
Liquid and plastic limits
B.
Particle size distribution including clay content (<2m)
C.
Moisture content (m.c.)
D.
Proctor compaction (STAS 1913/13-83)
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Permeability (constant head triaxial at 100kPa cell pressure) on samples

remoulded to 5% air voids
A minimum of six representative samples shall be tested from each of the two sources for
tests A to C above and a minimum of three representative samples for tests D and E. The
samples shall be extracted in the presence of the Engineer.
On receipt of satisfactory test results the Contractor shall be responsible for determining
limits of acceptability for mineral liner placement with regard to density and moisture
content to ensure that the placed liner meets the specification detailed in Table 3.5.2.4.
The acceptability limits shall generally be determined in relation to the following:
Plastic limit for the lower moisture content limit
Satisfactory undrained shear strength for the upper moisture content limit
Maximum air voids content for density
Satisfactory permeability values at the lower and upper moisture content limits
The laboratory test data and acceptability limits shall be presented to the Engineer for
approval prior to the commencement of mineral liner construction.
At the location of the insitu clay deposit the Contractor shall carry out trial pitting at the
commencement of Works to identify the full depth and extent of suitable clay in this area.
The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing the quantity of available lining clay at
the earliest stage. The Contractor shall programme his work and organise his work areas
such that suitable clay is extracted from the stockpiling area prior to his requirement for
respective areas for stockpiling the excavated soils from the landfill.
3.5.2.3Additional Clay Source
In addition to the proposed sources of clay the Contractor shall identify a source of suitable
imported clay in the event that the quantity of suitable local material should be insufficient.
The Contractor shall be responsible for providing laboratory test results confirming that the
material will meet the requisite specification and for determining acceptability limits as
detailed in Section 3.5.2.2. Again, the laboratory test data and acceptability limits shall be
presented to the Engineer for approval prior to using the material for mineral liner
construction.
3.5.2.4Liner Specification
The specification to be achieved for the constructed mineral liner is presented in Table
3.5.2.4.
Table 3.5.2.4: Mineral Liner Specification
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TEST METHOD
(STAS)
Tender Documents
REQUIRED
VALUE
Classification Testing
Liquid Limit
1913/4-86
Plastic Limit
< 90%
-
Plasticity Index
< 65%
Particle Size Distribution and

Composition
- Maximum Particle Size
- Carbonates
- Organic Material
- Clay Content (<63m)
1913/5-85
Natural Moisture Content
1913/1-82
125 mm
30%
<5%
25 %
Compaction Testing
Air Voids Content
< 5%
8942/5-75
50 kN/m2
1913/6-76
1.65 x 10-9 m/s
Shear Strength Testing

Undrained triaxial test
Permeability Testing
Permeability (constant head triaxial at
100kPa cell pressure)
3.5.2.5. Liner Construction

The mineral liner shall be placed and compacted in a minimum of two layers. Postcompacted thickness of each layer shall not exceed 300mm. The liner shall be constructed
and tested in accordance with the requirements of the CQA Plan. The minimum requisite
liner thickness shall be proven by survey in accordance with Section 3.2.2.
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3.5.2.6. Intercell and Edge Bund Construction

The intercell and edge bunds shall be constructed to the same specification as the mineral
liner. The Cells 1/2 intercell bund shall be constructed to an elevation of 421 masl. and
shall have a crest width of 3m and slopes at 50%. The intercell and edge bunds to the
upper cells shall be constructed to a height of 1.5m above the mineral liner with a crest
width of 3m and slopes at 50%.
3.5.3
Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL)
3.5.3.1. Material Specification
The GCL shall comprise a layer of natural sodium bentonite encapsulated between a layer
of woven and a layer of non-woven polypropylene geotextile. The two geotextiles shall be
bonded together by needle punching the composite material. The geotextile components
of the GCL shall be free of joints throughout each roll and the GCL shall be certified needle
free. Full details of the proposed material shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval
prior to any material delivery to site. The GCL shall fully comply with the requirements of
Table 3.5.3.1.
In any case the physical, mechanical and hydraulic characteristics and also those related
to the sustainability of the materials must be chosen in compliance with the provisions of
the Norms for the use of geosynthetic materials in the construction works (NP 075-02)
Table 3.5.3.1: GCL Specification
PROPERTY
TEST METHOD
MINIMUM
VALUE
GCL Sheet
Thickness
DIN EN964-1
5 mm (typical)
Permeability
DIN EN ISO 18130
5 x 10-11 m/s
Peel Strength
DIN EN ISO 10319
60 N/10cm
Tensile Strength
DIN EN ISO 10319
8 kN/m
Moisture Content
DIN EN ISO 18121
15%
Methylene Blue (VDG

P69)
300 mg/g
DIN EN965
4,500 g/m2
Bentonite
Montmorillonite Content
Mass per Unit Area
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(at 15% moisture content)

Fluid Loss
ASTM D5891
18 ml
Swell Index
ASTM D5890
24 ml
DIN 18132
600 %
Water Absorption
3.5.3.2. GCL Installation

The GCL shall be installed and tested in full accordance with the requirements of the CQA
Plan.
3.5.3.3. Anchor Trenches
The GCL and overlying Geomembrane and protective geotextile layer shall be secured at
the crest of slopes in an anchor trench in accordance with the details presented on
Drawing 9643-Ft-274. The anchor trenches shall be backfilled in layers with compacted
clay using a specialised trench roller. The open trenches shall be maintained free of water
and prior to backfilling, any soft or wet material shall be removed.
3.5.4
Geomembrane
3.5.4.1.
Material Specification
All Geomembrane material shall be new and manufactured by an extrusion process using
pure (non-recycled) resin, entirely free of plasticizer or other filler materials and without
prefabrication. Full details of the proposed material shall be submitted to the Engineer for
approval prior to any material delivery to site. The Geomembrane shall fully comply with
the requirements of Table 3.5.4.1.
Table 3.5.4.1: Geomembrane Specification (2.0mm both-sides Textured HDPE)
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DIN 53353
MINIMUM
VALUE
2.0 mm ( 3%)
Density
DIN ISO 1183
0.94 g/cm3
Carbon Black Content

Carbon Black Dispersion
Tensile Properties
yield strength
break strength
yield elongation
break elongation
Tear Resistance
ASTM D1603
ASTM D5596
2 3 % (range)
1 2 (category)
DIN EN ISO 527-3
33 N/mm
21 N/mm
12 %
100 %
DIN 53515
249 N
Puncture Resistance
ASTM D4833
534 N
Stress Crack Resistance
ASTM D5397
200 hrs
Oxidative Induction Time (OIT)
ASTM D3895
70 min.
PROPERTY
Thickness
TEST METHOD
The resistance of the HDPE Geomembrane to chemical damage must be tested by

diving in chemical substances during a period of 30-120 days. After this period the tests
must be repeated in order to establish the physical characteristics and the resistance of
the Geomembrane. The following table shows also the norms to be followed with regard
to the thermal damage and oxidation of membranes.
Resistance to chemical damage
Resistance to thermal damage & oxidation
STAS 6339/80
EN 1847:2001
EN ISO 14030:2001
EN ISO 175:2000
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EN 1107-2:2001
EN 1296:2000
PrEN 495-5
ASTM D 5885-97
ENV ISO 1438:1999
ENV 12224
PrEN ISO 13438
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3.5.4.2
Geomembrane Installation
The Geomembrane shall be installed and tested in full accordance with the requirements
of the CQA Plan.
3.5.5.
3.5.6. Protective Geotextile
3.5.5.1. Material Specification
The protective geotextile shall be a PE or PP non-woven needle punched product
manufactured from prime staple fibres and containing active carbon black UV inhibitor. The
material shall comply with the requirements of Table 3.5.5.1.
Table 3.5.5.1: Protective Geotextile Specification
PROPERTY
Mass per Unit Area
Plunger Displacement
Tensile Strength
Tensile Extension
Thickness under 2 kPa
TEST
METHOD
EN 965
MINIMUM
VALUE
2000 g/m2 (nominal)
EN ISO 12236
EN ISO 10319
EN 964-1
m.d.
c.m.d.
m.d.
c.m.d.
18 kN
60 mm
65 kN/m
130 kN/m
60 %
40 %
9 mm
3.5.5.2. Geotextile Installation

The protective geotextile shall be installed with a minimum overlap of 300mm between
adjacent panels, which shall be jointed by heat bonding. On slopes the geotextile shall be
installed as continuous panels for the full length of the slope with no longitudinal joints. The
installation shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the CQA Plan.
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3.5.6.
Leachate Drainage Layer

3.5.6.1. Material Source and Specification
The leachate drainage layer shall comprise a minimum thickness of 300mm of 16-32mm
diameter gravel imported to the site complying with the requirements of Table 3.5.6.1.
Table 3.5.6.1: Leachate Drainage Gravel Specification
PROPERTY
TEST
METHOD
(STAS)
REQUIRED
VALUE
Particle Size Distribution
1913/5-85
16-32mm (nominal)
10% < 10mm
5% < 63m
Crushing Strength
9850/89
50 kN
Carbonate Content
7107/3-74
10 %
3.5.6.2.
Layer Installation
The drainage layer shall be installed and the material tested in accordance with the
requirements of the CQA Plan. The minimum requisite thickness of 300mm shall be
proven by survey in accordance with Section 3.2.2.
3.6
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LEACHATE CONTROL SYSTEM
3.6.1. General Description

The leachate control system shall comprise a network of collection pipes installed within
the basal areas of Cells 1 and 2 connecting to a vertical collection chamber constructed at
the low point of each cell. A riser pipe shall be installed from each chamber up the toe
bund slope to the crest of the bund. The two chambers shall be interconnected by a pipe
passing through the intercell clay bund. Networks of collection pipes shall be installed to
Cells 3 to 6 but the lower lateral pipes and the connection of the respective network to the
Cells 1/2 pipework shall not be installed under the Contract.
3.6.2.
Collection Pipework
The collection pipework shall comprise 250mm internal diameter pipe installed to the
layout presented on Drawing 9643-Ft-513. All pipework shall be perforated or slotted
except the pipes extending up the 25% slopes of Cells 1 and 2, which shall be nonperforated. The pipes shall be installed within the leachate drainage layer on a 100mm
thick bed of drainage gravel with a minimum 500mm haunch of gravel above the pipe, as
shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-514.
All pipework materials shall be manufactured from HDPE. The pipes shall be securely
connected using non-retractable push- or screw-fit joints, butt-fusion welding or electrofusion couplings as applicable. The connecting system shall prevent separation of the
pipes during waste placement and under the subsequent loading conditions.
The lower section of the perforated pipes shall be non-perforated over approximately one
third of its circumference to provide good flow characteristics within the pipe. The pipes
shall have a minimum open area of 10% with aperture size optimised for flow whilst
minimising sedimentation in the pipe and maintaining the structural integrity of the pipe.
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Full details of all proposed pipework products shall be submitted for the prior approval of
the Engineer confirming their suitability. These details shall also include the following:
Calculations confirming that the strength and deflection characteristics of the pipes
are suitable for the proposed application (a maximum waste depth can be assumed
of 30m)
Chemical resistance data confirming suitability for the proposed application
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3.6.3. Collection Chambers

The collection chambers shall be constructed within local depressions formed within the
cell lining system to enable the accumulation of leachate for extraction. At the location of
the chambers the mineral liner shall be locally deepened by 0.5m to enable its requisite
thickness to be maintained beneath the chambers. A concrete base slab shall be
constructed within the depression to support the chamber installation, reinforced with
20mm diameter high-tensile reinforcing bars fixed in a square grid pattern at 300mm
centres. Minimum cover to reinforcement shall be 60mm.
The chambers shall constructed from 1.5m diameter pre-cast reinforced concrete rings to
a height of 3m and surrounded by a 200mm thick cast insitu concrete surround reinforced
with 10mm diameter pre-fabricated steel mesh. The lower 2m of the chamber rings shall
be perforated and the perforations shall be extended through the concrete surround.
Construction joints in the surround and joints between rings shall not coincide. The
reinforcement to the concrete base slab and surround shall be connected using 20mm
diameter high tensile steel reinforcing bars (L-shaped). All pre-cast and insitu cast
concrete shall achieve a minimum strength of 30kN/m 2 and use sulphate-resisting cement.
All construction elements shall meet the requirements of the General Technical
Specification.
Prior to construction of the concrete base slab two additional layers of protective geotextile
shall be placed above the Geomembrane in the depression as added protection.
The construction details for the chambers are shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-514.
3.6.4. Cells 1/2 Chamber Connector Pipe

The chamber connector pipe shall comprise 500mm internal diameter HDPE nonperforated pipe that shall be securely jointed using butt-fusion welding or electro-fusion
couplings. Full details of all proposed pipework products shall be submitted for the prior
approval of the Engineer confirming their suitability. These details shall also include the
following:
are suitable for the proposed application
Chemical resistance data confirming suitability for the proposed application.
The pipe shall be installed during construction of the Cells 1/2 intercell bund such that it
passes through the base of the bund. The invert level of the pipe shall be level with the top
of the chamber base slabs. Care shall be taken during bund construction not to damage
the pipe. The clay at the sides of the pipe shall be compacted using a trench roller or plate
compactor to achieve satisfactory compaction around the full perimeter of the pipe. The
Geomembrane installation around the pipe shall be carried out in accordance with the
sealing detail shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-514.
In Cell 2 a valve shall be incorporated into the pipe between the sealing detail and the
chamber. The valve shall be water tight to a head of 10m and shall be resistant to long-
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term exposure to landfill leachate. The valve shall be set in the closed position. The gravel
surround to the collection chamber shall be left aside at the location of the valve
mechanism such that access can be gained at a later date to open the valve. Details of the
proposed valve shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
3.6.5.
3.6.6. Extraction Risers
The extraction risers shall comprise 500mm internal diameter HDPE non-perforated pipe
that shall be securely jointed using butt-fusion welding or electro-fusion couplings to
produce rigid and internally flush joints. Full details of all proposed pipework products shall
be submitted for the prior approval of the Engineer confirming their suitability. These
details shall also include the following:
are suitable for the proposed application
Chemical resistance data confirming suitability for the proposed application.
The risers shall be installed on a minimum 150mm thick bed of sandbags. Following
installation of the leachate drainage layer a haunch of sandbags shall be placed above the
pipe to a minimum thickness of 500mm above its crown. At the toe of the slope the pipe
shall be fitted with a large radius bend sufficient to allow the leachate pump to move freely
to the collection chamber. The invert of the pipe at the chamber shall be set flush with the
top of the base slab such that there is no lip. The installation detail for the risers is shown
on Drawing 9643-Ft-514.
3.6.7.
Leachate Pumps
Two leachate pumps shall be supplied, one of which shall be installed into the Cell 1 riser
pipe. The second pump shall be placed in suitable storage on site to serve as a back-up.
The pumps shall be electric submersible pumps constructed from stainless steel and
specifically designed for the long-term extraction of landfill leachate. The pumps shall be
operated by an automatic level control system and shall be capable of being controlled for
flow rate. The pump flow capacity shall exceed the maximum operating capacity of the
leachate treatment plant. A control panel for the pump shall be installed within the leachate
treatment plant. The pumping system shall be capable of displaying the leachate head on
the control panel. The control system for the pumps shall be linked to the leachate
treatment plant such that the plant shall govern the operation of the pumps.
The pumps shall be fitted with a suitable trolley mechanism, which will allow the pump to
slide freely along the full length of the riser pipe for installation and removal. The pumping
system shall also be fitted with a heavy-duty stainless steel hand winch and wire for the
installation and extraction of the pumps.
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To transmit the leachate to the treatment plant a pressure main shall be installed. The
main shall be of suitable diameter for the pumping system and shall be fitted with suitable
connectors, junctions and non-return valves for connecting each of the leachate pump
outlet pipes. The main shall be installed on the approximate line shown on Drawing 9643Ft-513 but the final line shall be agreed with the Engineer on site. The main shall run
above ground level on the crest of the toe bund and across the perimeter drainage ditch
and thereafter shall be installed in a trench to a depth of 1m. In the trench the main shall
be installed with a minimum 150mm bed and surround of sand. Prior to backfilling the
trench, the main shall be air pressure tested to recognised standards to the satisfaction of
the Engineer.
Full details of all components of the leachate pumping system shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval.
4.
LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT

4.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor shall be responsible for the design, execution, completion and remedying
of any defects of a leachate treatment plant in Feteni in accordance with the specifications
stated in the present chapter.
Although the Technical Assistance has made preliminary estimations on the leachate
generation and composition both in Raureni and Feteni Landfills (see following sections),
the Contractor will have to make additional measurements and laboratory analysis (i.e.
once the landfill is built and already operating) to contrast the initial estimations made by
the Technical Assistance in order to develop the most appropriate plant design.
4.1.2. Estimation on the Leachate Flow in Rureni and Feteni Landfills

For the estimation of the leachate generation the Thornwaites methodology was used.
Weather information (i.e. rainfall, temperature, solar radiation average values) was
obtained from the National Meteorological Institute. In addition the following assumptions
were made:
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1. In Raureni it is assumed that only 60% of the generated leachate is really collected in
the leachate collection system
2. In Feteni the operation with separate and independent cells was taken into account in
order to mix rainwater with leachate. It was assumed that once a cell reaches its limit
capacity it is perfectly sealed to minimise leachate production.
As a result of a hydraulic balance in the two landfills, the leachate flow was estimated and
it is shown on the next figure.
RURENI + FTENI
2005
10,00
2010
9,00
2015
Leachate m3/h
8,00
7,00
6,00
Average Values
5,00
Peak
4,00
3,00
2,00
1,00
0,00
Figure 1, Estimation on the leachate collection in Rureni and Feteni
Following these assumptions, the plant to be built in Feteni should have a capacity of:
Average capacity = 2.5 m3/h ............(60 m3/day)
Peak capacity = 7 m3/h............(168 m3/day)
4.1.3. Estimation on the Leachate composition

As, Feteni has not been constructed yet and it is difficult to analyse the leachate produced
in Rureni, it is not possible to precisely determine its composition. Anyhow, the following
table based on technical bibliography and previous experiences lists the typical range of
leachate contaminants.
Value mg/lt
New landfill (less than 2 years old)
Mature landfill (more

than 10 years old)
Range
Typical value
BOD5
2.000-30.000
10.000
100-200
TOC
1.500-20.000
6.000
80-160
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COD
3.000-60.000
18.000
100-500
TSS
200-2.000
500
100-400
Organic N
10-800
200
80-120
Ammonium N
10-800
200
20-40
Nitrate
5-40
25
5-10
Total P
5-100
30
5-10
Orthophosphate
4-80
20
4-8
Alkalinity (CaCO3)
1.000-10.000
3.000
200-1.000
Table 1, Leachate composition (Integrated Solid Waste Management, Ed. McGraw Hill)
The leachate treatment plant shall be situated adjacent to the landfill service road at the
location shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-300. The plant shall be capable of producing treated
effluent at a standard rate of 2.5 m 3/hour and at a peak rate up to 6.0 m 3/hour. The plant
shall have a storage capacity for the treated effluent equivalent to 48 hours of treatment at
the standard rate. The treated effluent will be discharged on the natural stream and shall
meet G.D. 188/2002 and Annex III of the NTPA-001/2002:
Parameter
Unit
Maximum value
Method for Analysis
Temperature
0-35
pH
6.5-8.5
SR ISO 10523-97
Suspended Solids
mg/dm3
35 (60)
STAS 6953-81
BOD5
mg O/dm3
20 or 25
STAS 6560-82
SR ISO 5815-98
COD
mg O/dm3
70 or 125
SR ISO 6060-96
N-NH4+
mg/dm3
2 (3)
STAS 8683-70
N total
mg/dm3
10 (15)
STAS 7312-83
NO3-
mg/dm3
25 (37)
STAS 8900/1-71
NO2-
mg/dm3
1 (2)
STAS 8900/2-71
P total
mg/dm3
1 (2)
STAS 1189-99
CN (cyanide)
mg/dm3
0.1
STAS 6703/1-98
S2- (Hydrogen sulphide)
mg/dm3
0.5
STAS 10530-97
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SO2-(Sulphite)
mg/dm3
STAS 7661-89
SO3-(Sulphate)
mg/dm3
600
STAS 8601-70
C8H* OH (Phenol)
mg/dm3
0.3
STAS 7167-92
Organic Solvent
extractable substances
mg/dm3
20
SR 7587-96
Petrol based substances
mg/dm3
SR 7277/1-95
Synthetic Detergent
mg/dm3
0.5
SR ISO 7825/1-96
Filtered residuals
mg/dm3
2000
STAS 9187-84
Arsenide (As+)
mg/dm3
0.1
SR ISO 6595-97
Aluminium (Al3+)
mg/dm3
STAS 9411-83
Calcium (Ca2+)
mg/dm3
300
STAS 3662-90
Pb2+ (Plumb)
mg/dm3
0.2
STAS 8637-79
Cd2+ (Cadmium)
mg/dm3
0.2
SR ISO 5961-93
Cr3+ + Cr6+ (Total Chrome)
mg/dm3
1.0
STAS 7884-91
SR ISO 11083-98
Cr6+ (Hexavalent Chrome)
mg/dm3
STAS 8637-79
0.1
SR ISO 11083-98
Fe2+, Fe3+
mg/dm3
SR ISO 6332-96
Cu2+ (Copper)
mg/dm3
0.1
STAS 7795-80
Ni2+ (Nickel)
mg/dm3
0.5
STAS 7987-67
Zn2+ (Zinc)
mg/dm3
0.5
STAS 8314-87
Hg2+
mg/dm3
0.05
STAS 8045-79
Mn (Total Manganese)
mg/dm3
1.0
STAS 8662/1-96
SR ISO 6333-96
Fl-
mg/dm3
STAS 8910-71
Cl- (Chlorine)
mg/dm3
500
STAS 8663-70
Cl2- (free Chlorine)
mg/dm3
0.2
STAS 6364-78
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Ag+
mg/dm3
0.1
STAS 8190-68
Mo2+
mg/dm3
0.1
STAS 11422-84
Se2+
mg/dm3
0.1
STAS 12663-88
Mg2+
mg/dm3
100
STAS 6674-77
Co2+
mg/dm3
STAS 8288-69
The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of a functioning leachate treatment
plant as a turn-key package including the design, supply and installation of all elements,
including a suitable reinforced concrete slab foundation, power supply, eventual retention
tank needed, connection pipe, all ancillaries and the commissioning of the completed
plant. The Contractor shall note that cut and fill earthworks will be required to achieve the
requisite foundation level. The proposed foundation level is at 445 m.a.s.l. and minimum
dimensions of the foundation shall be 25 m x 25 m. Bulk filling works shall be carried out
using rock fill meeting the specification for toe bund construction, following the removal of
any soft, wet or otherwise unsuitable insitu materials. The excavation shall be formed to a
stepped profile, as necessary, to increase the stability of the installation.
The proper sizing of the plant should be based on an accurate forecast of the leachate
production and composition. It should be considered not only the climatic regime but the
waste characteristics: humidity, water absorption, capacity of the landfill, total operating
surface and the storage capacity of the designed collection system.
On the foundation of the plant at its entrance a fuel storage tank shall be installed for the
use of waste compaction plant. The tank shall be of steel construction and shall
incorporate secondary containment with a minimum volume of 110% of the tank volume.
The tank shall be of elevated design such that visual inspection can be made beneath the
tank. The secondary containment shall be fitted with a shield to prevent rainfall infiltration.
The tank shall have a fully protective coating of paint or other suitable finish. The minimum
capacity of the tank shall be 6,000 litres. Full details of the proposed tank shall be
submitted to the Engineer for approval.
4.2. SUITABILITY OF MECHANICAL PLANT

The Contractor shall guarantee all mechanical Plant free from faulty or inadequate design,
improper assembly or erection, defective materials or workmanship, as well as leakage,
breakage or other failure. Materials used shall be suitable for the operational conditions.
All Plant shall be designed, manufactured and assembled in accordance with recognised
shop practice and acceptable to the Engineer and selected for long life and minimum
maintenance. Individual parts shall be manufactured to standard sizes to the extent
possible, so that repair parts furnished at any time can be installed on site.
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All parts, which are not explicitly described in the technical specifications such as bolts,
bearings, seals, etc. being necessary for a complete and "ready for operation" installation,
shall be included.
Mechanical Plant shall be new and shall not have been in operation at any time prior to
delivery, except as required by tests.
Only materials of the best quality and fit for the purpose may be used, and it is the
responsibility of the Contractor to ensure full coherence between different components.
Each component or assembly shall have been proven in service in a similar application
and under conditions similar to those specified herein. The Engineer shall have the right to
request the Contractor to justify his selection of Plant.
During selection of Plant and installations, particular attention shall be paid to the
following:
All components and materials shall be: standard products, easily replaceable, new and
free of faults
Safety of operation and easy maintenance
Well-proven and reliable components
Ability to withstand the service conditions.
Alterations of design and make of the offered Plant after the Contract has been signed can
only take place with the written consent of the Engineer.
4.3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
4.3.1. Interchangeability
All Plant performing similar duties shall be of a single type and make and fully
interchangeable in order to limit the stock of spare parts required. This applies in particular
to such items as motors, gears, instruments and valves.
Ease of purchase of spare parts shall be carefully considered when Plant is selected.
Spare parts for major Plant shall be readily acquirable in Romania.
4.3.2. Standards and codes

All parts of the Plant shall be designed, manufactured, tested and installed in accordance
with appropriate and recognised standards. Wherever reference is made in the
specifications to specific standards and codes to be met by the materials and Plant
included in the works, the provision of the latest edition or revision of the relevant
standards or codes shall apply, unless otherwise expressly is stated in the Contract.
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Specific standards for mechanical works are listed in the relevant sections of these
Specifications. In case of doubt the Contractor shall request instructions from the
Engineer.
The following standards shall be applied where appropriate. However other authoritative
standards that ensure substantial equivalence to the standards and codes specified will be
acceptable.
Structural Steel
ISO 630
Structural steel
ISO 1052
Steels for general engineering purposes
EN 10025
Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels.
Steel Pipes
DIN 1626
Welded circular unalloyed steel tubes subject to special requirements-
Technical delivery conditions:

EN 10220
Seamless and welded steel tubes, dimensions and masses per unit length.
Stainless Steel
DIN 17440
Stainless steel - Quality specifications
DIN 17457
Welded stainless steel tubes.
Flanges
DIN 2501
Flanges, mating dimensions
DIN 2576
Flanges for welding, nominal pressure 10
DIN 2632
Welding neck flanges, nominal pressure 10.
Materials Testing
DIN 50049
Materials testing certificates.
Welding
EN 287-1
Approval testing of welders
EN 288
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials
ISO 5817
Arc-welded joints in steel - Guidance on quality levels for imperfections.
Corrosion Protection
ISO 8501-1 Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel surfaces
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ISO 12944 Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems
ISO 1459/1461
Hot dip galvanised coatings on iron and steel articles.
Gate Valves
DIN 3352-1 Gate valves - General information
DIN 3352-4 Cast iron gate valves with elastomeric obturator seatings and inside screw
stem.
Non-Return Valves
BS 5153
Specification for cast iron check valves for general purposes.
4.3.3. Packing for transport

Before despatch all Plant shall be adequately protected against corrosion and accidental
damage by painting or by other approved means for the whole period of transit, storage
and erection. The Contractor shall be held responsible for the Plant being so packed
and/or protected as to ensure that it reaches the site intact and undamaged. All Plant as
necessary shall be packed in high quality containers or packing; and no second-hand
timber shall be used. The Plant shall be packed to withstand rough handling in transit and
all packages shall be suitable for several stages of handling via sea or airfreight, inland
transport and movement on site and for storage including possible delays in delivery.
Packing cases shall be of the fully boarded wooden box type, crates will not be allowed.
Precautions are to be taken to protect shafts and equally unprotected surfaces where they
rest on wooden or other supports likely to contain moisture. At such points wrappings
impregnated with antirust composition or vapour phase inhibitors are to be used of
sufficient strength to resist chaffing and indentation due to any movement which is likely to
occur in transit. The form of the protective wrappings and impregnation are to be suitable
for a period of twelve months.
Where necessary, in order to protect internal surfaces, the flanges of pipes, valves and
fittings shall have their open ends protected by adhesive tape or jointing and then be
protected by wooden discs secured by means of service bolts (which shall not be used on
site) or by other approved means. The sleeves and flanges of flexible couplings shall be
bundled by wire. Cases containing rubber rings, bolts and other small items shall not
normally weigh more than 500 kg gross.
Indoor items such as electric motors, switch and control gear, instruments and panels,
machine components, etc. are to be wrapped in transparent heavy gauge polythene
sheeting, sealed at the joints.
All boxes, packages etc. shall be clearly marked in Romanian and English on the outside
with a waterproof material to show the weight, where the slings should be attached, and
also have an identification mark relating them to the packing lists and to the appropriate
shipping documents.
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Each box or package is to contain a packing list in a waterproof envelope and copies in
duplicate are to be forwarded to the Engineer, prior to despatch. All items of material are to
be clearly marked for ready identification against the packing list.
The Engineer may require to inspect and approve the packing before the items are
dispatched, however, such inspection will not relieve the Contractor of any loss or damage
due to faulty packing.
The granting of approval of the above packing and shipping arrangements shall in no way
relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for the safety of all Plant.
4.3.4. Spare parts, measuring instruments, workshop machines and tools

4.3.4.1.
Spare parts
The Contract includes provision of spare parts sufficient for servicing and maintaining the
complete plant for a period of two (2) years after its test of completion. Prices for
recommended spare parts, measuring instruments, workshop machines and tools shall be
quoted separately in the relevant schedules.
The Employer shall be free within the total sum to alter the quantities, delete and/or add
required spare parts. The Contractor shall not use any of the spare parts without the
written consent of the Engineer.
Spare parts used by the Contractor shall be replaced in the stores by the Contractor at his
own cost within one month.
All spare parts shall be treated and packed to provide safe long-term storage without any
deterioration. Each packing shall be clearly marked and labelled with a description in
English and Romanian of its contents and with a designation number to correspond with
the spare parts list in the appropriate section of the relevant spare parts manual.
If any spare part requires special storage conditions, details of the required condition shall
be mentioned in the tender. All spare parts shall be handed over to the Employer prior to
the Test on Completion.
4.3.4.2.
Measuring instruments
The Contractor shall supply the following high quality measuring instruments:
Portable pH meter
Portable Methane concentration meter
Ammonia test kit
Hand-held, heavy duty type digital multi meter
Digital clamp-on meter for measuring currents up to 200 ampere AC
3 digit Megohm-meter ("Megger") for measuring insulation resistance
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Continuity and voltage tester

Outside micrometer, ranges; 0-25mm and 25-50mm, graduation 0.01mm
Inside micrometer, calliper type, can bide tipped; ranges: 5 to 25 mm and - 1 No.
25 to 50 mm
Precision vernier callipers, Metric range 200 mm, vernier scale 1/20 mm
Dial Indicator with magnetic stand, range 5 mm
4.3.4.3.
Workshop Machines
The Contractor shall supply the following workshop machines and devices:
DC Arc Welder
- 1 No.
Welding current range up to 200 ampere at 40% Duty Cycle.
Welding machine shall be supplied with suitable welding cables, electrode
holder, work clamps, input cable with plug and receptacles.
Input voltage three phase 380 volts, 50 Hz.
Air compressor, portable
Capacity approx. 0.1 cum. per minute, at 10 kg/sq.cm pressure, complete
with suitable electric motor, 10 litre air receiver (approx.), safety valve,
pressure gauge, 10 meters long air hose, blow gun, etc. Input voltage
three phase, 380 volt, 50 Hz.
Bench Grinder
Double ended, wheel diam. approx. 200 mm, coarse and fine wheel for
grinding steel, complete with suitable electric meter, cable, plug and wall
receptable.
One complete set of oxy-acetylene welding and cutting set complete
Including welding and cutting nozzles, nozzle cleaning kit, six meters long
hoses, 2 stage oxygen and acetylene regulators, goggles, spanners etc.
Electric Hand Drill
Electric hand held drill of nominal 3/8 size, complete with trigger type
speed control, suitable chuck; chuck key and 5 meters long cable with
plug. Provided with 2 sets of suitable drill bits of different sizes
Flood Light
An adjustable stand with 2 x 200 watt flood lamp complete with switches,
cables and fuses.
Extension cable of approx. 70 meters cable length shall be provided
- 1 No.
- 1 No
- 1 Set
- 1 No.
- 1 Set
Grease Gun
- 2 No.
Hand-operated grease gun suitable for lubricating various types of grease
nipples shall be provided
Workbench
Heavy-duty suitable workbench of steel construction fitted with vices
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Tools
To undertake the various maintenance and repair works of the treatment plant the
Contractor shall supply the following high quality hand tools:
Plant maintenance tool kit (Metric), comprising of approx 100 to 105 - 1 Set
pieces of various hand tools complete with lockable metallic toolbox.
Electrician tool kit, comprising of approx. 80 to 85 pieces of various - 1 No.
hand tools complete with lockable metallic toolbox
Heavy duty pipe wrench
a. - Length 450 mm, capacity 76 mm
b. - Length 600 mm, capacity 102 mm
- 1 No.
- 1 No.
4.3.5. Stores system

The Contractor shall deliver a suitable system for keeping of stores. The capacity of the
system shall be twice the number of offered / supplied spare parts and measuring
instruments. For spare parts, measuring instruments and tools supplied by the Contractor,
suitable cards shall be established with detailed data, quantities and positions in the
storage.
The Contractor shall place the spare parts and measuring instruments in boxes suitable for
shelf storage, according to the positions indicated in the system.
Shelves sufficient for all spare parts and measuring instruments shall be provided. Shelves
shall be of steel construction and factory made specifically for the purpose. Suitable
shelves shall be provided for proper storage of the hand tools.
4.3.6. Operation, maintenance and repair manuals

Prior to commencement of the Test on Completion, the Contractor shall supply in English
(1) and Romanian (2) to the Engineer the provisional operation and maintenance manuals
in sufficient detail for the Employer and Beneficiary to operate, maintain, dismantle,
reassemble, adjust and repair the Works.
The Contractor shall not later than fourteen (14) days before commissioning submit draft
copies; one (1) in English and two (2) in Romanian; of the Operation, Maintenance and
Repair Manuals to the Engineer. The manuals shall be bound into suitable durable looseleaf binders of A4 size. Copies of these manuals shall be used during the training courses
for operation and maintenance.
For all installations, the manuals shall include:
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A general part comprising contents, description of the installation and relevant addresses
and phone numbers,
Documentation - as built,
Functional description,
List of components indicating manufacturer, type, component numbers, ordering numbers,
other data and position,
Maintenance instructions stating maintenance routines and intervals,
Fault finding instructions,
Calibration reports for analogue signal circuits,
Data leaflets,
List of spare parts,
List of tools, and
List of lubricants.
For mechanical installations the manual shall further contain, as a minimum:
Machinery Type and Serial No. (all in one chart),
Operating instructions,
Lubrication charts and maintenance instructions (all Plant included in one chart),
Fault finding details for rectification of basic faults,
List of spare parts giving part numbers in relation to a drawing preferably of the exploded
view type. The list shall be appropriate for correct reordering of the complete
component and its spare parts as well as repair kits,
Brochures including all components accompanied with names and addresses of suppliers,
Performance curves, diagrams, test certificates etc.
Specification of corrosion protection, and
Specifications for repair of all painted/coated surfaces.
Guidelines for repair.
For all electrical components the manual shall be divided into separate sections for the
following installations:
Control panels,
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Instruments,
Control and measuring components (signalling system), and
Other components.
For electrical Plant the manual shall further include but not be limited to:
Layout drawings,
Schematic and wiring diagrams,
Detailed description,
Specific operation instructions,
Specific maintenance instructions,
Component list for all Plant,
Fault-finding chart, and
Emergency procedure.
All information in the manuals shall apply specifically to the Plant being supplied, and shall
be free from such irrelevant matters as might be contained in the manufacturers general
literature. Other types of machines and options not included in the Contract are not
allowed in the instructions.
Immediately after the Test on Completion, the suitable corrected manuals shall be
compiled into its final form and be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
The final version of the Operation, Maintenance and Repair Manuals shall be submitted
with four (4) copies in English and four (4) copies in Romanian. Each of the Operation
Maintenance Repair Manuals shall be submitted in both hard copy and in electronic form
as approved by the Engineer.
Any additions, alterations or deletions, which may be required following the experience
gained during the defects liability period, shall be incorporated into the final versions in the
form of additional pages or complete replacement of sections as specified by the Engineer.
All costs of these amendments shall be deemed to be included in the Contract Price.
4.4 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF THE PLANT.
4.4.1. Factory test

Major Plant shall prior to shipping be tested in the factory or in the Contractor's workshop
for function and faults. The Engineer shall be notified about the planned tests, so he can
witness the tests if so desired. The tests shall be carried out to comply with to Romanian
regulations.
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Major Plant is defined as:

Pumps
Mixers
Aerators
Dosing units
Dewatering units
Panels.
Panels shall be tested with voltage applied and circuits shall be control measured. All
electronic parts shall be tested.
4.4.2. Check before shipping

All Plant shall be checked before packing and shipping as follows:
Correct amount of components
Correct manufacture and type of components
Components appear new and with no visible defects
Packing lists contain all Plant
Number of packages has been recorded.
Before any Plant is shipped the Contractor shall document that the shipment is insured in
accordance with the requirements of the Contract.
4.4.3. Site Inspection during installation

The Plant and installations shall be inspected and checked for compliance with standards
and specifications. The visual inspection shall cover all works and Plant including, but not
limited to, the following:
Fixing of all mechanical and electrical Plant
Electrical cable routing
Alignment of pipes
Protective guards and position of safety switches
Position of Plant for convenient operation and maintenance
Check of quality of materials.
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Workmanship
Overall finish of Works, including welds, surface treatment, cleanliness etc.
4.4.4. Inspection and testing after installation

4.4.4.1.
Dry testing
In addition to the checking and inspection previously made during the installation the Plant
shall be checked and tested as follows:
Tests of correct direction of rotation of motors.
Tests of alarm systems.
Tests of the emergency switch system.
Tests of all interlocking systems.
Tests of indications.
Tests of all panel functions.
Tests of safety systems.
Before any installation is put into operation, the Contractor shall carry out an insulation test
and check of protection against indirect contact. The control data shall be compiled in a
report, which shall be handed over to the Engineer at completion of the tests.
The Contractor shall ensure that electronic Plant is not damaged while carrying out
insulation tests.
4.4.4.2.
Wet testing
Site testing shall demonstrate the satisfactory operation of each part of the system before
testing of the complete system as a whole during the Tests on Completion. In addition to
the tests previously carried out during the dry testing, the wet testing shall include:
Tests of automatic operation.
Tests of manual operation.
Tests of capacity of all machines individually and as part of the entire plant.
4.4.4.3.
Running in
Running in of the plant is part of the services under the Contract. The Engineer shall have
the opportunity to witness the running in activities, the objectives of which are to optimise
the function and operation of the entire plant.
The running in shall take place after all individual main components have been tested
successfully, and cover all operational modes.
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The future operating staff of the Employer shall further be permitted to attend the running
in as part of the on-the-job training.
4.4.4.4.
Tests on completion
Before the Tests on Completion the entire plant shall be in stable operation, and tanks
shall be filled up with all consumables etc. in sufficient quantity to carry out the tests. In
case there is not sufficient leachate from the site, the test procedure shall be agreed upon
between the guarantee holder and the Engineer.
The tests shall be carried out using experienced engineers.
All tests must be carried out in the presence of the Engineer, or such other person
appointed for this purpose, unless the Engineer states otherwise in writing. Tests shall be
carried out to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Certificates shall mention shortcomings to
be corrected by the Contractor in a List of Defects.
The Tests on Completion shall demonstrate that the entire plant and every part of it fulfil all
performance requirements.
Furthermore the tests shall include the same tests as previously carried out at the dry and
wet testing, as required by the Engineer, with particular attention to safety and emergency
functions, which may have been altered or adjusted during previous tests or during the
running in of the plant.
The Engineer may require additional tests to prove compliance with the specifications. All
such tests shall be at the Contractor's expense.
The Contractor must be aware that the tests must be carried out according to Romanian
regulations.
4.5 TRAINING
4.5.1. General
The Contractor shall ensure that the Romanian operation and maintenance personnel
acquire the skills necessary to operate, maintain, service and repair all Plant supplied
under the Contract. The Contractor shall also ensure that the Romanian operation and
maintenance personnel acquire full knowledge of the use of the Operation and
Maintenance Manual.
The Contractor shall prepare a Training Plan for the approval of the Engineer and submit it
to the Engineer at least one month before the intended start of the first training course.
The plan shall contain an outline of the courses, duration, subjects to be taught,
documentation to be issued, names and qualifications of instructors, etc.
The overall purpose of the training is to enable the staff to:
Operate the Plant in an optimal way
Carry out the necessary adjustments and corrections
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Undertake correct preventive and normal routine maintenance

Undertake trouble-shooting and repair of all Plant installed
Adjust all Plant to optimise the plant
Operate and understand the electrical control systems
Select the necessary spare parts
Intervene in case of disturbance
Understand environmental aspects in relation to fumigation, smell, electric chock, safety,
ergonomic working positions etc.
All Plant and manuals needed for the training shall be provided by the Contractor and
handed over to the Engineer before commencement of the training.
Personnel having an expert knowledge of the subjects and a proven record of experience
in teaching adults shall undertake the training. Instruction and demonstration shall be
given at appropriate levels for skilled and semi-skilled personnel and for plant operators
and their supervisors. Separate courses for different categories of staff may be necessary
dependent on number of staff to be trained.
The training shall be given in the Romanian language, if necessary by use of interpreters
provided by the Contractor. Documentation of the training carried out shall be submitted to
the Engineer immediately after the Tests on Completion. The documentation consists of
training material, signed list of participants and certificates.
4.5.2. Training subjects in general

The subjects shall be treated theoretically and practically. Emphasis shall be given on
practical exercises, which shall occupy at least fifty (50) percent of the training time.
The practical exercises shall include normal maintenance activities, adjustments, use of
tools, measuring Plant and workshop facilities included in the plant.
4.5.2.1.
Mechanical Operation
The following disciplines shall be included in the training:

Basic principles of mechanical components such as pumps, aerators, mixers dosing units
etc.
Capacities,
Maintenance works
Tuning in the plant for the optimum performance
Basic fault finding and remedy of simple/typical faults
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Reading and understanding the Operation and Maintenance Manuals

Spare parts
Safety
Exercises, practical and theoretical.
4.5.2.2.
Electrical Operation
The following disciplines shall be included in the training:

Switchboards including control Plant (level instruments etc.)
Basic principles of electrical components (relays, motor starters, circuit breakers, etc.)
Basic faultfinding and remedy of simple/typical faults (reset of mcb's etc.)
Detection and remedy of simple faults
Maintenance routines
Reading and understanding of diagrams
Spare parts
Safety
Exercises, practical and theoretical.
4.5.3. Training courses

The theoretical courses are assumed to be carried out separately for each staff category,
i.e. electricians and operators. Practical courses may be for both categories.
For each course a compendium including programme, details on the subjects, manuals,
exercises (practical and theoretical) shall be prepared. The compendiums shall be
submitted to the Engineer for his approval at least fourteen (14) days prior to the start of
the particular training course.
The number of approved compendiums to be issued is two for the Engineer and one for
each of the trainees. Furthermore, the Contractor shall have completed the draft version of
the Operating and Maintenance Instructions before the first course.
1st Training Course -Theoretical Introduction
Timing:
Shortly before commissioning of the plant.
Subjects:
General layout of the plant,
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Principles of function of the major components of the plant,

Method(s) of operating the plant,
Capacities of the plant,
Check routines,
Operation and maintenance,
Occupational health and safety,
Interfaces with existing facilities.
2nd Course - On-the-Job Training
Timing:
During the running in period.
Subjects:
Acquaintance with the plant
Participation in the running in
Fault finding
Automatic and manual operation
Maintenance requirements
Safety precautions.
3rd Course - Understanding of the Operating and Maintenance Instructions
Timing:
Before Taking-Over of the plant by the Employer.
Subjects:
Theoretical fault finding procedures
Operation and maintenance
Ordering of spare parts
Ordering of consumables
Checking on capacity of plant
Checking on all performance parameters.
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4.5.3.1.
4.5.3.2.
Duration of Training
It is proposed that each of the specified courses shall have duration of minimum 1 day,
apart from the "On-the Job" training course, which shall have the same duration as the
running-in period.
4.5.3.3.
Training Location
Training shall take place at the plant site.

4.6 STEELWORKS IN GENERAL
4.6.1. Steel structures

Steel constructions shall be designed to resist the static and dynamic forces they are
exposed to.
Where risk of galvanic corrosion exists, galvanic separation is required.
Structural steel shall comply with ISO 630. Steel for general purposes shall comply with
ISO 1052.
The following qualities shall be used:
Plates, bars, channels, angles, universal beams and columns shall be of quality Fe 360 B,
and
Rectangular and square hollow sections shall be of quality Fe 430 B.
All structural steel and steel for general purposes shall be suitable for hot dip galvanising.
Structural steel shall be accompanied by a materials certificate in accordance with DIN
50049-3.1B.
4.6.2. Stainless steel

If not stated otherwise stainless steel materials shall be of the acid proof quality AISI 316L
or higher.
Material certificates are required for all stainless steel to be incorporated in the works.
Certificates shall comply with DIN 50049-3.1B. Certificates shall be part of the Quality
Assurance-documentation.
Material thickness in constructions of stainless steel shall be at least 3 mm where not
otherwise stated.
Stainless steel shall be handled and stored so that their corrosion-resistant properties are
not impaired. To comply with this requirement the following measures must be considered
minimum.
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Ensure that stainless steel does not come into contact with non-alloyed steel neither in
transit nor during handling and storage. This means that all handling tools, storage
shelves, etc. used for stainless steel materials must be of stainless steel or wood, or
coated with textile, nylon, wood or similar. Store stainless steel materials in a dry and clean
place where they are not exposed to iron particles, slip or smoke from welding of nonalloyed steel. They must also be protected against sparks from both non-alloyed and
stainless steel.
4.6.3. Welding
4.6.3.1.
General
All welders shall be qualified and have a valid certificate according to EN 287-1 from a
recognised testing institute. The certificate shall prove that the welder has passed the tests
satisfactorily.
All welds in pipe joints shall be carried out in accordance with Welding Procedure
Specifications (WPS) issued for each particular type of weld and material. The Welding
Procedure Specifications shall be filled in or approved by an independent professional
agency approved by the Engineer before welding. Welding shall be according to EN 288.
Before welding all steel surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned, and no welded joints shall
have less strength than the joined parts.
All welding work shall be carried out at the manufacturer's workshop. Field welding will be
allowed only after prior approval by the Engineer.
4.6.3.2.
Testing
A non-destructive test (NDT) of the welding work shall be performed in accordance with a
recognised and appropriate standard.
Ten percent of the welds shall be tested. The radiographic method shall be applied. When
impossible ultra-sonic, and penetration methods can be considered.
The test shall be carried out by an accredited independent agency approved by the
Engineer. Accept criterion shall be class C in accordance with ISO 5817. A report on the
tests shall be provided for the approval of the Engineer.
Welds to be tested shall mainly be selected from those of which the backside of the weld
cannot be visually inspected. Such welds shall be tested by the radiographic or the
ultrasonic method. Selection of welds shall be carried out by an accredited independent
agency.
If the NDT reveal defects as defined in the accept criterion, the number of tests shall be
increased. The consequence of one defect weld found is that two neighbouring welds of
the same type shall be tested. If one or both of these welds are defect, the testing shall be
extended further in accordance with the instructions of the Engineer.
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Welding of Carbon Steel
Manual shielded metal-arc, submerged arc, gas metal- arc, flux cored-arc, gas tungstenarc and other applicable welding processes and methods may be used.
Prefabrication in workshops shall be used to the maximum extent possible.
4.6.3.4.
Welding of Stainless Steel
Fillers
Choose welding fillers so that the welding seams are at least as corrosion resistant as the
parent metal, i.e. the content of alloying elements in the filler must be the same as in the
parent metal.
Welding procedures
Weld bottom runs to TIG welding (Tungsten-Inert Gas welding) with or without pulsating
arc. Filling must be performed as TIG welding, MIG welding or by means of coated
electrodes.
For stainless steel welding the following shall be observed:
Only butt weld jointing of pipes is allowed during erection work,
Where butt welds are used, the penetration shall be complete, if necessary with root run,
Backing rings shall not be used.
Back shielding gas (root gas)
Apply back shielding gas to the greatest possible extent for all welding works, and always
when it is not possible to perform post-weld treatment of the backside of the welding. This
also applies to tack welding, filling, and welding of fillet welds. The back shielding gas must
be argon or forming gas (90 per cent nitrogen and 10 per cent hydrogen). If no post-weld
treatment is to be performed of the root side, the back shielding gas content of impurities
must not exceed the following limits:
Oxygen max. 25 ppm
Water max. 25 ppm (dew point max. -53C).
The gas used at the welding point must have the above purity degree. Atmospheric air
must be displaced by the back shielding gas, as otherwise the mixture will not be able to
comply with the requirements (max. 25 ppm oxygen). Consequently, the back shielding
gas must be of a higher purity than mentioned here when purchased.
Check the purity of the back shielding gas by means of a detector with a detection limit for
oxygen and water of approx. 10 ppm or less. If such detector is not available, check the
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gas by inspection of the root after the welding has cooled down to room temperature. If
there is blue or brown discoloration, the back shielding gas has not been sufficiently pure.
Supply the back shielding gas by means of shielding gas tools that shield a small volume
around the weld root. Test the efficiency of the shielding gas tools prior to production use.
Pipes with a diameter of not more than 100 mm can, however, be purged without the use
of shielding gas tools. Perform purging as follows:
-
Pipes of a diameter (d) up to and including 25 mm can be purged without using an

orifice plate provided that the gap is smaller than 1.5 mm and that a suitable gas
flow is used.
Pipes of a diameter between 25 and 100 mm can be purged without using a
shielding gas tool provided that the gas enters through a tight diaphragm that, after
the welding point, the gas passes an orifice plate with a diameter of approx. 22 mm,
and that the gap is smaller than 2.0 mm. For a pipe diameter of (d) the purging flow,
Q, during welding can be fixed at:
Q = d/3 [1/min], e.g. d = 60 mm - Q = 60/3 = 20 [l/min].
Under any circumstances, maintain the purging with back shielding gas until the
temperature is below 250C.
Pickling after welding
If it is impossible to obtain sufficient shielding gas cover, the root side will be heavily
oxidised and take on blue, brown and black shades. From a corrosion point of view, this is
not acceptable.
Welds with unacceptable discoloration must therefore be pickled, ground and pickled, or
brushed with a stainless wire-brush and then pickled. This type of post-weld treatment
must also be performed on the weld faces.
Pickling liquids or pastes available on the market may be used. After pickling, the surface
must appear smooth and metallically clean without any discoloration. The pickled surfaces
shall be thoroughly washed in clean water after pickling.
4.7 ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
The use of aluminium or aluminium alloy is subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Immersed installations or installations which are periodically immersed must not be
constructed from aluminium or aluminium alloys.
If used, alloys shall be of a type used for marine applications with magnesium as the main
additive.
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4.8 BOLTS
Steel-bolts shall be provided in quality 8.8. Stainless steel bolts shall be in quality A4,
Class 70.
Bolts shall have an over-length of minimum 3 mm and maximum 12 mm for bored in or
embedded bolts as well as flanged joints. Holes for bolts shall be 2 mm more in diameter
than the nominal bolt size and the holes shall be free from burrs.
All necessary bolts, nuts, washers and anchor plates shall be supplied together with the
joints. The bolts and nuts shall be high tensile steel with ISO metric treads, and with
hexagonal heads.
All bolts, screws, nuts and mounts shall correspond to the material secured by bolts. This
also applies to chemical anchors.
Bolts, washers and nuts for galvanised steel items and for coated steel items shall be hot
dip galvanised. Washers shall always be used for bolts fastening coated steel in order to
prevent destroying the coating. In general always one washer shall be used between
steelwork and nuts.
Bolts, washers and nuts for stainless steel items like flanges shall be of stainless steel.
All bolts shall be tightened and checked by a torque wrench.
4.9 CHEMICAL ANCHORS AND ANCHOR BOLTS
Holding down bolts of sufficient length shall be provided and fixed for securing the whole of
the machinery to the foundation.
Chemical anchors shall be supplied in quality suitable for conditions under which they are
permanently exposed to the action of water.
Alternatively an injection technique can be applied.
Fixation of mechanical Plant to concrete structures can be done by anchor bolts, which
can be placed during casting, or by drilling. No anchor bolts may get in contact with
reinforcement bars in the concrete structure. Anchor bolts used for installation of stainless
steel Plant shall be made of stainless steel of equivalent quality.
For all other purposes hot dip galvanised anchors shall be applied.
4. 10 PIPEWORK IN GENERAL
4.10.1. General
All pipes and assembling parts under this Contract shall be of first quality, truly circular,
and uniform thickness, free from scale, lamination and other defects, and shall be
designed and suitable for the operational pressures and temperatures.
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Pipe-work shall be arranged, as to ease the dismantling and removal of pumps or major
items of Plant.
Expansion and dismantling joints shall be of the sleeve type and double flanged.
Dismantling joints shall be able to withstand the total tension loads from the maximum
pressure occurring in the pipes.
A flange adapter shall be included in the suction and delivery pipe-work of all pumps where
applicable.
All pipe-work shall be adequately supported with purpose made fixings. When passing
through walls, pipe-work shall incorporate a puddle flange.
Each force and moment that may occur in the plant may be compensated by an
appropriate location of solid fixations, expansion joints and sliding supports.
Pumping mains and pressure pipes shall be rated for minimum PN 10.
4.10.2.
Stainless steel pipes
Stainless steel pipes shall comply with the requirements in the section Steelworks in
general above.
Welded stainless steel pipes shall have a wall thickness of at least 2.0 mm.
4.10.3. Flanges
Flanges for stainless steel pipes shall be of the weld-on type in stainless steel of similar
quality as the piping. Alternatively welding neck rings and loose flanges of stainless steel
may be used.
All flanges must be rated and drilled for PN 10 according to DIN 2501.
4.10.4. Hatches
Hatches shall consist of a frame with a hinged cover. The frame shall be designed for
mounting in recesses in the concrete slab.
A handle for opening of the hinged cover shall be integrated in the cover. The cover shall
be provided with a safety mechanism, which locks the cover in open position whenever
opened. The mechanism shall be manually released before the hatch can be closed again.
The hatches shall be designed to withstand a load of 15 kN.
The hatches shall be made of mild steel and hot dip galvanised after fabrication.
Hatches on dry wells or dry chambers shall be watertight.
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4.11 MISCELLANEOUS PLANT
4.11.1. Lifting Plant

Lifting hoists shall be provided everywhere necessary for the maintenance of the plant.
Lifting hoists shall be of the hand-operated type with chain hoists or winches with stainless
steel wire.
The hoist shall be rated for the heaviest single lift plus a safety margin. Chains shall be hot
dip galvanised. Wires shall be of stainless steel.
4.11.2.
Instruments
All mechanical instruments (manometers, thermometers, etc.) shall be according to Class

1.0 (1.0% according to DIN standards). Instruments shall be with housing of stainless
steel.
4.12 CORROSION PROTECTION
4.12.1. General
All non-stainless steel mechanical Plant shall be protected against corrosion by painting or
other suitable treatment to a degree sufficient for the intended function and placement of
the actual Plant. Dry surfaces, e.g. outer sides of valves, shall be categorised to C3 in ISO
12944 and shall be protected against corrosion accordingly. Wetted or submerged
surfaces, e.g. inner sides of valves, shall be categorised to IM2 in ISO 12944 and shall be
protected against corrosion accordingly.
Topcoat colours should be determined in agreement with the Engineer. Colour samples
should be submitted, if so required.
Furthermore, all bright metal parts shall be covered before shipment with an approved
protective compound and adequately protected during shipment to site. After erection
these parts shall be cleaned.
Assembling of deviating metallic materials creates dangers of electrolytic corrosion.
Therefore interconnecting surfaces of deviating metallic materials should be kept in view
and where possible avoided.
4.12.2.
Galvanising
Where steel or wrought iron is to be hot-dip galvanised, it shall conform in all respects with
ISO 1459/1461.
The minimum zinc layer thickness shall be 80 microns. The galvanising plant shall carry
out zinc layer thickness measurements on all galvanised items in accordance with ISO
1459/1461 and issue a certificate stating compliance with the requirements.
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Adequate provision for filling, venting and drainage shall be made for assemblies
manufactured from hollow sections. Vent holes shall be suitably plugged after galvanising.
All drilling, cutting, welding, forming unit members and assemblies shall be completed
before the items are galvanised. The surface of the steel to be galvanised shall be free
from welding slag, paint, oil, grease and similar contaminants.
During off-loading and erection utmost care shall be taken in order to avoid damages to
the galvanised surfaces. Galvanised items in stock shall be stacked so as to provide
adequate ventilation to avoid wet storage staining.
Small areas of damaged galvanised coating may in agreement with the Engineer in each
individual case, be restored by:
Cleaning of the area of any weld slag and thoroughly brushing to provide a clean surface.
Application of two coats of zinc-rich paint, or application of a low melting point zinc alloy
repair rod or powder to the damaged area, which is heated to 300C.
Where galvanised steel will be in contact with aggressive solutions and/or atmospheres,
the galvanised surfaces shall receive further protection by painting.
The geometry of galvanised steel parts shall be thoroughly checked after galvanising. Any
deformations shall be corrected without damaging the surface layer.
4.12.3.
Inspection of corrosion protection in general
Prior to the termination of the Defects Liability Period a visual examination of the surface
treated constructions and components shall be carried out. If rust or blisters is visible and
these failures cannot be assigned to normal wear nor impact damages, the Contractor
shall without any expense to the Employer mend the damages in conformity with a repair
procedure approved by the Engineer.
4.13 MACHINERY IN GENERAL
4.13.1. Drive units

Drive units for Plant shall be designed for 24 hours continuous operation. The nominal
rating of the gear shall be at least equal to the nominal kilowatt output of the attached
motor. Each gear shall be a totally enclosed unit with oil or grease lubricated anti-friction
bearings throughout.
Lubrication of bearings etc. shall be by either splash or forced feed system.
The Contractor shall ensure that the lubricants used for initial filling and specified in the
maintenance manual is adequate for prolonged operation in maximum ambient
temperatures without overheating.
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Gearboxes shall be marked with manufacturer identification together with the rated shaft
speed and output power.
4.13.2.
Machinery guards and labelling
Machinery shall be guarded to prevent injury to persons, and meet European safety
regulations.
Adequate guards shall be supplied and installed throughout the installation to cover all
drive mechanisms. All rotating and reciprocating parts and drive belts etc. shall be securely
covered to the satisfaction of the Engineer to ensure the complete safety for both
maintenance and operating personnel.
However, whilst all such guards shall be of adequate and substantial construction, they
shall also be readily removable for gaining access to the Plant. Therefore the guards shall
be designed to provide easy access to bearings, lubrication points, instruments, etc.
The Contractor shall arrange for the supply and fitting of warning labels for all that
machinery; both existing and new that is operated under automatic control.
All identification information and warning labels shall be in Romanian language.
Guards for machinery shall be constructed of stainless steel mesh or other corrosion
resistant material. Means of set bolts or studs in tapped holes shall attach guards for parts
that need to be examined. Self-tapping screws shall not be used.
4.13.3. Marking of machinery

Plates (app. 120x80 mm) indicating performance and type should be mounted on each
machine, Plant, instrument and tank using water resistant and durable material, copper or
stainless steel, with text in Romanian, stipulating manufacturer, type, year of
manufacturing and serial number as well as major parameters of operation. Plates shall be
fixed - at assembly, the latest - on an easy-to-see surface. In case of any hidden or nonaccessible machine, additional plate should be supplied and located in an easy-to-see
way.
Information plates, arrows indicating flow direction and pipeline instruction boards should
be located in agreement with the Engineer in an easy-to-see way at the outset and end
section of the pipelines and such an indication should be fixed at sections important for
considerations of operation.
Each machinery shall be provided with a unique identification number according to
agreement with the Engineer.
Colour and font size on indications in the form of plate or strip should be chosen in
agreement with the Engineer.
All machinery must be approved and provided with CE-labelling according to the EU
Machine Directive.
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4.13.4. Lubrication
Plant shall be adequately lubricated by systems, which require attention not more
frequently than weekly during continuous operation. Lubrication systems shall not require
attention during start-up or shutdown and shall not waste lubricants. The lubrication
systems shall be designed in a way so that control is not necessary more than once per
week.
Oil reservoirs shall be provided with level indicators of the sight glass type.
Lubrication facilities shall be convenient and accessible. Oil drains and fill openings shall
be easy accessible from the normal operating area or platform. Drains shall be located so
as to allow for collection of waste oil into containers without removing the Plant from its
normal position.
Lubricants of the type recommended by the Plant manufacturer shall be provided in
sufficient quantities to fill all lubricant reservoirs and to replace all consumption during
testing, start-up and running in.
Furthermore, a list of recommended lubricants and their equivalents shall be included in
the operation and maintenance instructions. The lubricants recommended shall be
available in Romania.
4.13.5. Motors
4.13.5.1. General
Motors shall comply with the following general standards and norms:
IEC 60034-1, 60034-5, 60034-6 and 60034-8.
Motors shall be designed for the temperatures and humidity occurring in Romania and the
installation in which they operate.
The motors shall be designed and marked for operating conditions according to IEC
60034-1.
Motors shall be delivered for direct start as design N, IEC 60034-12, apart from motors
with a rated nominal power larger than 15 kW, which shall be delivered, for S/D start as
design NY. IEC 60034-12.
4.13.5.2. Mechanical requirements
The degree of protection provided by enclosure for motors shall be min. IP 54 to IEC
60034-5. The degree of protection for submerged motors shall be minimum IP 68.
The motors shall be cooled in order that the permissible operation temperature is not
exceeded.
Motors shall be balanced according to ISO 2373 vibration class N.
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Noise level shall minimum fulfil IEC 60034-9.

All motor covers shall be delivered efficiently protected against corrosion according to
specifications in Sub-Clause "Corrosion Protection".
Motors shall be insulated to class F in accordance with the IEC 60085. The limit of
temperature raise during operation shall not exceed that for class B insulation.
4.13.5.3. Electrical specifications
Motor performance and data shall be in accordance with IEC 60034-1 and shall legible be
marked with:
Manufacture,
Serial number,
Rated power,
Full load current,
Voltage,
cos ,
Frequency,
Number of phases,
Start current,
Rpm.
Each motor shall be provided with thermo/humidity protection, and motor starters as
specified for the electrical Works.
Motors larger than 10 kW shall be provided with thermostats in the windings.
Smaller motors shall be provided with thermostats (3 Nos Klixon or equivalent) in the
windings.
The motors shall be designed for the following parameters:
Voltage fluctuations +/- 10%. The voltage variations must not result in a temperature
increase in excess of what is stated in IEC 60034-1,
Frequency: 50 Hz. Frequency variations +/- 1 Hz.
Motors shall be equipped with connection boxes with separate terminals for each winding
end, and connection for protective conductor. The terminals shall be designed for twice the
nominal current, however, minimum 2.5 mm2.
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Thermo switches shall be connected to separate terminals inside the connection box.
Marking of connections and rotation direction shall be in accordance with IEC 60034-8.
All submerged pumps (and other motors) that can be taken out of operation and lifted to
ground level by a hoist (or in an equal way) shall have power supply and signal cables
connected by CEE sockets enabling electrical disconnecting with out use of tools. The
sockets (the male as well as the female part) shall be mounted in a location where flooding
is impossible. The sockets shall be protected against rain and other weather conditions as
described for outdoor instruments in general. If these demands cannot be met the degree
of protection shall be IP 68 to IEC 60529.
4.13.5.4. Bearings
All bearings shall be generously rated and sized to secure satisfactory and stable running
without vibration under all conditions of operation for a minimum lifetime of 50,000 hours
running.
All bearings shall be to ISO standard and SI metric unit dimensions where practicable.
The intervals between lubrication shall be maximised and shall be defined for each
individual item and included in the operation and maintenance manual. Bearings shall be
either sealed for life or be fitted with easily accessible lubrication points.
4.13.5.5. Balancing
Revolving parts shall be balanced both statically and dynamically, so that for any
combination of speed and load up to the maximum, there shall be no vibration caused by
out-of-balance forces.
4.14 SUPPRESSION OF NOISES
All plant offered should be quiet in operation. The noise level shall not be more than 80 dB
(A) and 55 dB (A) at day time/45 dB (A) at nighttimes at the site boundary. The Contractor
shall ensure that all sections of Plant are designed such that when installed the level of
sound emitted is compatible with recommended noise limits for the particular environment.
4.15 MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
4.15.1. Pumps
4.15.1.1. General
In each pumping installation all pumps shall be equal with respect to manufacturer and
type.
On the suction pipe before the pump an isolating valve shall be incorporated (only dry
mounted pumps) and on the delivery pipe an isolating valve and a check valve shall
be incorporated (both dry and wet mounted).
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All delivery pipes from pumps shall be provided with connecting branch with ball valve and
manometer.
For dry mounted pumps the connection on both suction side and pressure side of the
pump shall be via flexible connections.
Single stage pumps with low speed motors are preferable and multi-stage high-speed
pumps will not be allowed. The pump speed must not exceed 1,500 rpm.
The operation cycle of the pumps shall include alternating also of the stand by pump. The
pumps shall be dimensioned for minimum 10 starts per hour.
Discernible noise caused by hydraulic turbulence and cavitations will not be accepted.
The pump impeller shall be selected with maximum efficiency. Pumps shall operate left to
BEP (Best Efficiency Point) at start condition and to the right of BEP at stop
conditions.
Pump housing shall be fabricated from cast iron and impellers shall be of wear and
corrosion resistant steel.
All pumps shall be equipped with thermal switches for thermal protection.
4.15.1.2. Submersible pumps in general
Submersible pumps shall be of the canal-wheel centrifugal type rated for raw wastewater
or sludge.
Via a guide bar system dismounting from above surface shall be possible and there shall
be no need for service staff to enter the wet well. The pumps shall be easy to lift by use of
a portable crane, which shall be included.
Sealing of the pump unit to the discharge connection shall be accomplished by a
machined metal-to-metal watertight contact.
The pumps shall in addition be furnished with alarms for water in oil reservoir and in motor
housing.
4.15.1.3. Progressive pumps in general
The pumps shall be dry well mounted.
The progressive pumps shall be protected against dry running by means of a temperature
switch.
Furthermore the pumps shall be protected against high pressure by means of a pressure
switch on the discharge pipe.
Progressive cavity pumps shall not rotate faster than 200 rpm.
The suction side of the pump shall at the cardan drive shaft be secured against rags and
shreds.
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The pumps shall be installed in a way that permits maintenance including displacement of
rotor and stator without dismantling the pump.
4.15.1.4. Pumps for raw wastewater
The pumps shall be dry well mounted.
Pumps shall be of the canal-wheel centrifugal type with preferable one canal and
maximum 2 canals and be rated for raw wastewater.
The impeller shall be capable of passing solids and not to be blocked by weeds, textile or
similar.
4.15.2. Valves and penstocks

4.15.2.1. Gate valves
All gate valves shall be in accordance with DIN 3352-4. The valves shall be for wastewater
purposes and rated for a nominal pressure of 10 bars. All valves shall be drip tight at 10
bar pressure.
The valves shall be with non-rising stem of stainless steel, and have straight and full bore,
and the gates shall be with vulcanised rubber. Housings shall be of cast iron.
Flanges shall be in accordance with DIN 2501, PN 10.
4.15.2.2. Slide valves
Slide valves shall be of the lightweight pattern type with cast iron body with stainless steel
slide and chromium steel outside rising spindle.
The valve body shall incorporate a transverse slide seal so arranged for easy replacement
of the packing, which shall be accessible without removal of the valve from the pipeline.
4.15.2.3. Non-return valves
Non-return valves (check valves) shall comply with BS 5153 and be rated for a nominal
pressure of 10 bars. The valves shall be made of cast iron and be of the swing type with
lever and weight for rapidly closing without causing shock.
Flanges shall be in accordance with DIN 2501, PN 10.
4.15.2.4. Ball valves
Ball valves shall be of the two-way type and be provided with a handle for easy opening.
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4.15.3. Pressure gauges

The pressure gauges shall be of the non-clog type with a dial of range appropriate for their
application. The gauges shall be of class 1.0. Further they shall be with membrane and
filled with glycerine.
A shut-off valve installed before the pressure gauge shall allow the pressure gauge to be
dismounted even if the measuring target is in operation.
4.15.4. Mixers
Generally the mixers shall be of the rotating propeller type. The mixers shall be mounted
on guides, which allow them to be lifted from the tank for inspection and maintenance. A
removable crane with steel wire winch shall be provided for the hoisting of the mixers. The
cranes shall be equipped with swivel joint and winch. Wire and hook shall be included.
Guide system incl. brackets and fixing parts shall be made of stainless steel AISI 316.
Crane with brackets shall be delivered in stainless steel or hot dip galvanised steel. Winch
and wire however, shall be made of stainless steel AISI 316.
Mixers shall be provided with leak detectors and alarms for water in oil reservoir and in
motor housing.
5 LANDFILL GAS EXTRACTION SYSTEM

5.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The landfill gas extraction system will ultimately comprise a series of 29 No. collection
wells installed progressively with the advancing waste which will feed a flare system
installed at the location shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-520 via collection and transmission
mains. Under the Contract only the transmission and gas flare system shall be installed
but all components for the full extraction system shall be supplied. The transmission
system shall incorporate condensate outlet wells and all necessary connections and
valves.
5.2
COLLECTION WELLS
During future operations the installation of the collection wells will be implemented in two
stages: Phase A for Cells 1 and 2 and Phase B for Cells 3 to 6, as shown on Drawing
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9643-Ft-520. The installation detail for the wells is shown in Drawing 9643-Ft-523. For
information, the depths of the respective wells are shown on the following schedule.
PHASE A
Well Reference
PHASE B
Well Depth (m)
Well Reference
Well Depth (m)
P-1
19
P-15
19
P-2
23
P-16
P-3
24
P-17
24
P-4
18
P-18
23
P-5
17
P-19
29
P-6
29
P-20
29
P-7
31
P-21
22
P-8
28
P-22
17
P-9
14
P-23
21
P-10
25
P-24
20
P-11
31
P25
28
P-12
31
P-26
15
P-13
26
P-27
26
P-14
27
P-28
12
P-29
12
Totals
325
Perforated
310
Non-perforated
15
(1m per well)
5.3 TRANSMISSION MAINS

The transmission mains shall be installed in accordance with the layout presented on
Drawing 9643-Ft-520. The mains shall comprise 160mm diameter HDPE PN6 pipes. All
pipe connections shall be made by butt-fusion welding or using electro-fusion couplings.
The Contractor shall be responsible for air pressure testing of the mains to the recognised
standards to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
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5.4 CONDENSATE OUTLET WELLS

At the locations shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-520 gas condensate outlet wells shall be
installed in the mains in accordance with the details presented on Drawing 9643-Ft-521.
5.5 FLARE SYSTEM
Installation of the flare system shall comprise two components: civil works and the
installation of the flare equipment. The construction details are shown on Drawing 9643-Ft521.
The civil works shall comprise the following, which shall be carried out in accordance with
the General Technical Specifications:
Earthworks preparation at the location
Construction of the foundation and concrete base slab
Installation of an electricity supply
Pipeline connections
The Contractor shall be responsible for the detailed design, supply, installation and testing
of the gas flare equipment. The design shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
The flare shall be pre-fabricated and equipped with all the features necessary for the
reliable and safe degassing of landfill with combustion of all excess gas.
The flare installation shall include all necessary components including gas quantity
regulation, condensate discharge, flame arresters, radial blower, measuring line and
monitoring and safety equipment (see details on Drawing 9643-Ft-521). The condensate is
to be drained off via a dewatering tube with hydraulic trap. The control devices include all
the necessary operating elements and fault signals.
The system shall be prepared for future connection to equipment for utilisation and energy
recovery from the landfill gas.
List of general specifications:
Gas flow rate: 500 Nm3/h
Burning capacity: up to 3,000 kW
Suction pressure: -100 mbar
Supply pressure: 100 mbar
Methane concentration: 30-60 %CH4
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Flame temperature: 1200 C
Retention time: > 0.3 s
Turn down ratio: 1:5
Noise level (at l5m): 69-71 dB(A).
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Safety measures:
EEx motor
Flame arrestors
Quick closing valve
Burner control with UV detection.
If it should be feasible at a later stage to use the landfill gas for power production a
purification system may be installed outside the EEX-zone of the flare-installation.
Consequently, a location for this shall be taken into consideration when the design of the
flare system is prepared.
6 SURFACE WATER CONTROL MEASURES

To prevent rainfall runoff entering the landfill a drainage ditch shall be installed around its
perimeter. The ditch shall be lined with 1.0mm HDPE Geomembrane, a protective
geotextile and a layer of 100-150mm stone. On the crest of the landfill area the ditch shall
fall from the high point detailed on Drawing 9643-Ft-510 to the western and eastern
boundaries with a minimum gradient at any point of 1%. To achieve this, some excavation
and filling will be required. The gradient of the perimeter ditch shall be as uniform as
possible. The perimeter ditch shall discharge at the base of the area onto the stone scour
pad detailed in Section 3.3.
To intercept runoff from the upper cell areas a drainage ditch shall be formed in the
intermediate bench in accordance with Drawing 9643-Ft-274 and shall be connected to the
perimeter ditch on the eastern boundary.
The length of Geomembrane panels used to line the ditches shall be maximised and uphill
panels shall overlap downhill panels by a minimum of 1m.
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The layout and construction details for the ditches are shown on Drawings 9643-Ft-510
and 9643-Ft-274 respectively.
The Geomembrane shall meet the requirements of Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Geomembrane Specification (1.0mm HDPE)
PROPERTY
TEST METHOD
MINIMUM
VALUE
Thickness
DIN 53353
1.0 mm (nominal)*
Density
DIN ISO 1183
0.94 g/m3
ASTM D1603
2 - 3 % (range)
ASTM D5596
1 - 2 (category)
Tensile Properties
yield strength
break strength
yield elongation
break elongation
Tear Resistance
15 N/mm
DIN EN ISO 527-3
10 N/mm
12 %
100 %
DIN 53515
125 N
Puncture Resistance
ASTM D4833
267 N
ASTM D5397
200 hrs
Oxidative Induction Time (OIT)
ASTM D3895
70 min.
Note * See CQA Plan
The protective geotextile shall be a PE or PP product complying with the requirements of

Table 6.2.
Table 6.2: Protective Geotextile Specification
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PROPERTY
Mass per Unit Area

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TEST
MINIMUM
METHOD
VALUE
EN 965
400 g/m2 (nominal)
EN ISO 12236
3,500 N
Tensile Strength
m.d.
18 kN/m
c.m.d.
25 kN/m
m.d.
75 %
c.m.d.
60 %
EN ISO 10319
Tensile Extension
Thickness under 2 kPa
EN 964-1
4 mm
7
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING WELLS
At the approximate locations detailed on Drawing 9643-Ft-510 the Contractor shall install
two wells for the monitoring of groundwater quality. The wells shall be drilled to a minimum
depth of 1m into the strong marl layer underlying the site.
The wells shall be established by borehole drilling using a minimum 160 mm diameter
steel casing.
A 60mm minimum diameter PVC or HDPE lining shall be installed in the borehole which
shall incorporate a slotted screen with a gravel surround of grain size appropriate for the
insitu soils and the screen slot width. The well lining shall extend a minimum of 1m above
g
round level and shall be fitted with a threaded removable end cap. The construction details
for the wells are shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-515.
The Contractor shall report the final dimensions of the monitoring wells to the Engineer
stating the position and elevation of the wells in national grid co-ordinates.
8 SITE INFRASTRUCTURE
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8.1 UPGRADING OF EXISTING ACCESS ROAD

The access road to the new facility shall be upgraded in accordance with the details
presented in the General Technical Specifications and on Drawing 9643-Ft-200 to 9643-Ft263.
8.2
CONSTRUCTION OF LANDFILL SERVICE ROAD
The service road from the existing site access road to the landfill area shall be constructed
in accordance with the details presented in and on Drawings 9643-Ft-280 to 9643-Ft-284.
8.3
BUILDINGS
8.3.1. Introduction
This section provides the technical requirements for the construction of the buildings in the
office area. The works will comprise the following activities:
1. Obtaining all Construction permits needed to commence and carry out the works listed
herein after.
2. Carrying out all the works related to the construction of the facilities, inter alia:
Provide erect and maintain temporary facilities needed during construction period
Advertising boards
Provide temporary and permanent installation of service utilities (water, sewerage,

storm water sewerage, industrial water, gas, and electric power and telecommunication
networks).
Excavation of the project area to foundation levels
Construction of a drainage layer using imported stone fill
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Erection of the buildings: Administrative office, maintenance hall, weighbridge, gas and
water tank (including foundations) and perimeter fence
At completion of the permanent works the Contractor shall provide Operation and
Maintenance Manuals and Spare Parts listing of references
Submit As built drawings
Implementation of works should comply with Romanian Labour Safety Law.
The location of the site is shown on Drawings 9643-Ft-100 and 101

The proposed layout of the site is shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-300 and 301.
8.3.2. General
8.3.3. Handling, Storage and Use Of Materials
1. Materials and components shall be handled, stored and used in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations.
2. The quantity of materials and components stored on the site shall be consistent with
efficient working.
8.3.4.
Submittals
Material data: the sub-contractor will submit the manufacturers descriptive literature and
technical specifications (technical sheets) including load resistances and dimensioning for
each material proposed for use. All technical data will be submitted one week after the
signing of the contract.
Samples: the sub-contractor will submit to the Engineer one sample of each material and
element used. This sample will be checked and approved (good for execution) by the
Engineer.
Each sample will be labelled in order to identify its name, function and manufacturer.
Each sample submitted will be reviewed by the Engineer, and will then be approved or
rejected. In case of rejection, another proposal will have to be submitted to the Engineer. A
complete list of all materials and elements used will be submitted to the Engineer one
week after the signing of the contract.
Shop drawings: the sub-contractor will, prior to installation, submit the shop drawings.
These shop drawings include dimensioned sketches of all elements applied when
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installing the finishing. The shop drawings also clarify how the finishing will be installed
(connection with the walls, i.e.). The shop drawings will have to be approved by the
Engineer prior to the installation of the finishing. Eventual additional shop drawings will be
submitted to the Engineer when requested. The complete set of shop drawings will be
submitted to the Engineer, one week after the signing of the contract.
Time schedule: the sub-contractor will submit a time-schedule to the Engineer one week
after the signing of the contract. The time-schedule will be adapted to the requirements of
the Engineer. The sub-contractor will change the time schedule in the future according to
the requirements of the Engineer, when occurring or necessary. Any changes in the time
schedule will be submitted to the sub-contractor at least 3 days in advance. The subcontractor himself will respect his own proposed time schedule and will not be able to
change it, once the Engineer has approved it.
Certificates: the sub-contractor will, together with all technical data and samples, also
submit all certificates of all materials and elements used for the installation of the finishing.
All certificates will be submitted one week after the signing of the contract.
Qualification data: the sub-contractor will submit a list with several references of completed
works. This list will include the identification of the project, location, date, reference names
and telephone numbers. Also a general profile of the company of the sub-contractor will be
submitted: location, manpower, reference names, telephone- and fax number.
Manufacturers instructions: the sub-contractor will, together with the technical data, also
include the manufacturers printed application instructions for each material and element
used for the installation of the finishing. These instructions also include the mounting
instructions and requirements
8.3.4.1.
Warranty
An exact warranty period cannot be defined in this article because of the variety of
products. The warranty period is defined per item. Repairing or replacing will be done
during the period of warranty. Defects include, but are not limited to any deformation, loss
of fixing, corrosion (rust), deficiency of any operable part, improper surface repair,
materials and workmanship.
A complete checking of all the finishing will be done, one year after installation. Eventual
repairs or replacements will be done when necessary.
8.3.5.
Concrete Works
As per item 7.6 of the General Specifications in Volume 3 and complying with the following
clauses:
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Mixing
a. Concreting of footings, foundation beams and retaining walls shall be ready-mix

concrete of a least strength grade as per design and indicated on the structural drawings.
b. Ready mix concrete shall be delivered by mixer truck and the time between water being
added and delivery shall not exceed two hours. The delivered concrete shall be
accompanied by written information on the concrete, which shall be handed to, checked
and kept by the Contractor for record purposes. Where ready-mix concrete is not practical
and the Engineer agrees in writing concrete may be prepared on site.
c. The concrete mix (including water-cement ratio) accordance with GOST Concretes.
Rules for mix proportioning.
d. The concrete compressive strength shall be that achieved for a cube of 15cm tested 28
days after manufacture of the mix (ready-mix or otherwise) tested to GOST 10180-90. The
specific use and location of the concrete tested shall be recorded by the Contractor.
e. Additives shall not be used without the agreement of the Engineer.
f. Except when there is a non-critical small requirement mixing shall be using mixers and
not by hand.
g. Mixers shall be regularly cleaned.
8.3.5.2.
Form Work
a. Formwork shall take account of safety and the required surface finish of the concrete. It
shall retain grout, retain its position and allow for proper compaction of the concrete.
b. Formwork cannot be removed in less time than the following:
2 days for vertical form work to columns
6 days for soffit formwork
15 days for formwork to beams or slab props
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Reinforcement
a. Reinforcement shall be positioned with wire ties and non-porous concrete spacers and
bent using proper bending machines and not welded and cut. Concrete cover to
reinforcing shall not be less than 15 mm in internal conditions or 35 mm in external
conditions. For single sections as per design.
b. Reinforcement junctions shall be lapped by at least 300 mm and shall generally be bent
off site with proprietary equipment. The contractor shall also provide on site bar cutting and
bending facilities.
c. Reinforcement shall be free of excess rust, oils or other contamination.
8.3.5.4.
Placing
a. The contractor shall inform the Engineer of his intention to cast concrete at least two
days prior to casting.
b. Concrete shall be delivered to the point of placing as rapidly as possible without
segregation or loss of the ingredients or ingress of foreign matters or water.
c. Formwork shall be clean and free of standing water, snow, ice and other foreign
materials.
d. Placing shall not displace reinforcement formwork or other temporary or permanent
elements of the concrete work.
e. Where concrete is placed on an absorbent material that material is to be thoroughly
wetted prior to concrete placing.
f. Concreting shall be poured continuously in areas between construction joints.
g. Concrete shall be thoroughly mechanically vibrated but shall not cause segregation of
the concrete elements or excessive latence. The vibrator shall not be allowed to rest on
reinforcing.
h. Concrete shall not be placed in heavy rain.
i. Concrete shall not be placed unless its temperature is between + 5 and + 30 C and at
no time should the temperature of the setting concrete be allowed to fall below +5 C.
Should a contractor wish to place concrete below +5 or above + 30 C he shall not do so
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unless he informs the Engineer of the special methods he intends to employ and Engineer
confirms in writing that it is acceptable.
j. Concrete may be protected against the risk of temperatures falling below +5 C by the
following special methods:
k. Comprises the following:
- heating the water but not above 60 C
- keeping the aggregates dry
- increasing the cement content
- heating the containers for transporting the concrete
- insulating and heating the placed concrete, particularly the tops of slabs
- heating the formwork and reinforcement
l. Concrete may be protected against the risk of temperatures rising above +30C by the
following special methods: prevent evaporation or other water loss- water spray to cool
formwork or other hot surfaces (but not immature concrete)
8.3.5.5.
Water
1. Water for use with cement, concreting and installations, shall be of potable quality.
2. If the Contractor purchases water directly from the Employer then it will be charged at
the prevailing rate for commercial supplies and periodically deducted from the Interim
Payment certificates
8.3.5.6.
Aggregates for Concrete
Aggregates for concrete shall be to British Standard 882.

The water absorption of aggregates for concrete designed to retain an aqueous liquid shall
not exceed 3% when measured in accordance with BS 812: Part 2.
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Surface Treatment
a. Where a concrete surface is to be bonded the face of the concrete is to be cleaned and
roughened to expose but not dislodge coarse aggregate and the surface is to be
thoroughly wetted 24 hours prior to casting.
b. The surface finish of the vertical face of concrete walls may be of following grades:
Grade 1.
For concrete in final view. The finish must be of a uniform smooth finish with even true and
clean edges. Formwork shall be arranged to create a uniform pattern with joints arranged
to correspond with architectural features such as door or window openings.
Grade 2
For concrete concealed from final view the finish may be derived from sawn boards and
the like.
The surface finish of the top of in-situ reinforced concrete slabs may be of two types as
follows:
- Tamped
For concrete to receive screeds the finish to be with a light rib derived from lightly tapping
the concrete with a long timber straight edge guided by formwork placed level with the
desired finish.
- Power float
For all surfaces not required to receive screeds, remove any laitance by vacuum machine.
Use a mechanically driven steel float to give a smooth even finish. Areas, not reachable by
a power float are to be finished using a hand steel float. Repeat smoothing three times at
equal intervals within a six-hour period after placing.
Where a mechanical key is called for the surface of the concrete is to be hacked back to
expose but not loosen the coarse aggregate.
8.3.5.8.
Joints
Construction joints shall:

- be kept to a minimum
- be bonded by roughening the face to reveal but not dislodge the coarse
- aggregate
- not run to a feather edge
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- not allow differential movement each side of the joint

- have reinforcing passing through the joint
- shall be straight using notched stop boards
8.3.5.9.
Concrete tests
a. Tests at the manufacturing plant to be accordance with local norms.

b. Two test cubes of 150 x 150 mm are to be taken by the contractor on site on each
concrete pour. They are to be clearly marked with the date, place of pour and mix and then
carefully stored. After seven days one test cube shall be taken to a suitably qualified
laboratory and tested for compressive strength. After twenty-eight days one test cube shall
be taken to a suitably qualified laboratory and tested for compressive strength. The results
of both tests are to be recorded by the Contractor and reported to the Engineer.
c. A slump test is to be carried out on each pour. The results are to be recorded and
reported to the Engineer.
8.3.5.10. Foundations
a. Before commencing foundation works the Contractor shall carefully study the Site.
b. Foundations to be Cast In-Situ reinforced concrete foundations to be constructed as per
instructions given in the present chapter.
c. It is not permitted to dig out soil lower than level designed.
8.3.5.11. Slab on grade
The main slab of this project will be build with Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
Construction Recommendations
Follow industry guidelines such as TR345 and ACI 306 for more comprehensive
guidelines.
Specifications
Standard Specifications for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete shall be
obtained through the product manufacturer.
Concrete Characteristics
a Input values:
Load Cases:
Two wheel loads
N Load Contact Distance: W1 35 kN 5,00 N/mm2 a 800 mm
Following concrete characteristics have been applied in this design.
Steel fiber type
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performance class: 80
Length 60 B N
Tensile strength
on the wire minimum 1050 n:MM
8100 fibres/Kg
Compressive strength
C25/30
Flexural strength f fctk
3,40 N/mm2
f fctm
4,30 N/mm2
E-modulus Ec
30500,00 N/mm2
Poisson Coefficient
0,15
Relaxation factor
2,60
Shrinkage factor
0,40
Concrete age correction factor
1 - 28 d.
b Input
Elastic radius of rigidity =625 mm
10650,3 kNm/m
341333,3 mm3/m
0,15
c Design Criteria:
k-value : 0,070 N/mm3
Concrete compressive strength, f' c : C25/30
For ultimate limit state, the governing load case is:
Two wheels - Edge parallel 17,53 kNm
For serviceability limit state, the governing load case is:
Two wheels - Edge parallel 16,73 kNm
Temperature differential between top and Bottom of the slab 5 C
Coefficient of friction () between slab and subbase: 0,50
d. Solution
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Floor thickness: 160 mm

Dosage: 30 kg/m3
Fiber type: RC 80/60-BN
Re, 3 value: 72,09%
Equivalent flexural strength (Ffct,eq,150): 3,10 N/mm2
Max joint spacing: 35000 mm 33000 mm
e Batching considerations
Use a central batching plant mixer
Max aggregate
Dosage kg/m
Size in mm
pour
pump
60
45
16
50
35
32
35
30
Obtain and follows manufacturer recommendations.

f Soil support system
The soil support system should be well drained and provide adequate and uniform loadbearing support. Specific attention should be given to the site preparation requirements,
including proof-rolling, the performance of a slab on ground depends on the integrity of
both the soil support system and the slab.
The in-place density of the soil support system should be at least the minimum
required by the specifications, and the base should be free of frost before the concrete
placing begins and able to support construction traffic such as loaded truck mixers.
Proof-rolling is an excellent means to determine that the soil support system is
adequate to provide a uniformly stable and adequate bearing support during and after
construction. Proof-rolling, observed by the owner s representative, should be
accomplished by a loaded tandem axle dump truck, a load truck mixer, roller, or
equivalent. In any case, multiple passes should be made using a pre-established grid
pattern.
If rutting or pumping is evident at any time during the preparation of the soil support
system, repairs such as, but not limited to, raking smooth or compacting with suitable
compaction equipment should be undertaken. "Rutting" normally occurs when the surface
of the base is wet and the underlying soils are firm. "Pumping" normally occurs when the
surface of the base is dry and the underlying soils are wet. Any depression in the surface
deeper than 13 mm should be repaired.
The tolerance of the sub base should follow the local standards or jobsite specification
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with a maximum tolerances of
+/- 10 mm for
+/- 30 mm for
Linear interpolation between 150 mm and 400 mm for corresponding maximum tolerances.
f Vapour retarder Proper moisture protection is desirable for any slab on ground where
the floor will be covered by tile, or where the floor will be in contact with any moisturesensitive equipment or product. Many industrial warehouses or production facilities do not
require a vapour retarder. It is suggested that vapour retarders should be installed only in
conditions that warrant their use.
If a vapour retarder is required due to local conditions, it should be placed under a
minimum of 75-mm to 100-mm granular fill such as "crusher run" material. Following
compaction, the surface may be choked off with a fine-grade material to reduce friction
between the base material and the slab. The granular fill, as well as the fine-graded
material, should have sufficient moisture content to be compactable, but still be dry
enough at the time of concrete placement to act as a "blotter."
g Aggregates Aggregates should conform to industry standards such as ASTM C 33.
Combined aggregate gradations should conform to industry standards such as ACI
544.1R8. A uniform gradation is necessary to produce a desirable matrix while reducing
water demand of the concrete mixture and reducing the amount of cement paste required
to coat the aggregates and steel fibers.
h Proportioning Mix design proportions of SFRC are similar to those of
conventional concrete mixes. Recommended ranges of mix proportions are provided in
industry standards such as ACI 544.1R. For high dosage rates the mix design should be
optimised in view of workability and pumpability.
i Admixtures Admixtures are commonly used with SFRC to improve workability and
finishability. If more than one type of admixture is used, each should be batched
separately. Admixtures should meet the requirements of local industry standards.
j Curing Wet burlap, plastic film and sprayed applied membranes may be considered as
conditions warrant. Industry standards such as ACI 302 are available for more
comprehensive information on curing.
k Saw-cut joints
This design is aimed to obtain a jointless floor, therefore no
joints are permitted in the slab on grade
8.3.6.
Structural framing
8.3.6.1.
General
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All buildings to be erected in this project are made of a proprietary approved system,
factory manufactured following calculations of a specialised manufacturer and erected by a
specialised contractor
8.3.6.2.
Steel Works sizing
It is the Contractor's obligation to prepare detailed drawings, calculation notes and

workshop drawings to be approved by the Engineer.
a. Main elements in the building are:
- Steel Columns, beams, girders
- Support and connexion braquets
- Roofs and side cladding sandwich panels
8.3.6.3.
Materials
Deep Galvanised steel structure realised from thin gouge profiles type; KB, Sigma, C, Z, U
or I, assembled with metallic nodes and bolts type 8.8, in two systems:
Transversal frame with columns and girders;

Transversal frame type beam with iron bars
The main frames pillars and beams steel type galvanised, assembled with metallic
bend coated with polyester powder.
Secondary elements: support for Roof panel galvanized minimum 200mm profiles
Lateral supporting system- galvanized minimum 160 mm profiles
Bracings- cross and longitudinal- galvanized C profiles
External walls made of thermo-isolated panels with polyurethane foam, class C1 with fire
proof, width 40 mm, and sheet of 0.5/0.5mm, coloured in RAL standard 20m with
polyester paint.
The sheet has the following protection characteristics:
-Galvanise Z200 (200grames/Zn for each side)
-Painting primer 7 m on the internal side
-Painting primer 7 m + polyester painting 20 m in RAL type, on the external side
The metallic structure will be deep galvanized, assembled in KB profiles for the main
frames and Sigma profiles for the lateral supporting rulers. The profile assembly will be
done with metallic node, coated with polyester powder, with screws of high resistance,
type 8.8.
Refer to detail drawings 9643-Ft-305 to 401
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Connections and Tolerances
Workmanship
A
Fabrication generally
General requirements:
The Contractor shall take the dimensions from the site or buildings and shall verify all
dimensions given on the drawings before the work is put in hand
The steelwork shall be fabricated by a specialist firm and, before an order is placed by
the Contractor, such specialist firm shall be approved by the Engineer
The Contractor shall prepare all shop details (workshop drawings) from the tender
drawings Inform the Engineer when fabrication is due to start. Do not fabricate
steelwork for which the drawings have not been checked by the Engineer
Before fabricating, ensure that surface condition of steel which is to be coated complies
with requirements for cleaning given elsewhere in this specification
Ensure that fabrication processes do not cause changes in properties of materials
resulting in non-compliance with specified requirements.
Marking
Submit details of proposed methods of identifying and recording materials and
components to ensure correct use and location in the structure
Marks to be placed in positions such that they will be visible for checking after erection.
Hollow sections: Ensure that insides of sections are dry and clear of debris before
sealing ends and openings.
a. Connections between steel members shall preferably be by on site bolting and not
welding.
b. All necessary welding and cutting to form members and junctions shall be prepared off
site in properly controlled (factory) conditions
c. All welding must be undertaken by properly qualified and skilled persons
d. On site cutting and welding may only take place with the written agreement of the
Engineer
e. Members shall never be longer than their design lengths and may only be up to a
maximum of 3mm less than their design length
f. Hole diameters for site assembly bolting shall never be more than 1mm in excess of the
bolt diameter.
g. At least one washer shall be present under all bolts and all bolts shall have at least one
complete thread showing beyond the nut.
C
Bolt assemblies
Bolts and nuts:

All bolts, nuts and washers to be galvanised.
Torque and fixing of bolts:
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Unless otherwise specified use the following torque moment to bolts:

M16: 205 Nm, M18: 285 Nm, M20: 380 Nm, M22: 490 Nm, M24: 610 Nm.
Fix bolts after torque.
D
Tolerances
Flatness:
Full contact between connected surfaces.
Beams: Length: +/- 5 mm
Location of centre of gravity at supports: +/- 5 mm.
Columns:
Height: +/- 5 mm
Location of centre of gravity at support: +/- 5 mm
Deviation from vertical position: 5 mm per 3000 mm.
Anchor bolts:
Position of group of bolts: +/- 5 mm
Position of each bolt within a group: +/- 2 mm.
E
Erection
Before commencing erection:

Not less than 7 days before proposed start date, check foundations and other structures to
which steelwork will be attached for accuracy of setting out, and holding down bolts for
position, protruding length, condition and slackness Report any inaccuracies and defects
to the Engineer without delay. Obtain permission of the Engineer to commence erection.
F
Modifications:
Inform the Engineer of any defects due to detailing or fabrication errors. Obtain approval of
methods of rectification before starting modification or remedial work.
G
Temporary restraints:
Provide temporary bracing or restraints to ensure stability of the main structure

during erection.
Column bases:
Raise or lower to levels specified on the drawing(s) using sawn steel packs of folding
wedges not larger than necessary for the purpose.
Position packs symmetrically around perimeter of base plate; do not use a single
central pack.
Notify the Engineer when the space beneath any column base is less than, or over 25
mm greater than the specified dimension.
Check accuracy of erection and correct all errors before filling and bedding beneath
bases and carrying out any other adjacent work.
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Cladding & Covering

8.3.7.1.
General
To be provided by the same manufacturer than the steel structural frame and of a
proprietary system.
System to consist of:
a. Pitched roofs
b. Gutters and rain water down pipes
c. Polycarbonate boards
d. Insulated sandwich panels for faade cladding
e. All related materials and the like necessary for the waterproofing of the roof including
but not limited to flashings, upstands, water proof movement joints, seals, fixings and the
like.
f. achieved with thermo-isolated panels and polyurethane foam 40 mm width on both sides
colours type RAL standard, with a sheet of 0.5/0.5mm, polyurethane weight = 40KG/-m3.
The fire-proof resistance is C1.
8.3.7.2.
Performance requirements
System to achieve the following performance:

a. to be weather tight, corrosion resistant and free of condensation
b. to have life expectancy of 25 years
c. to be inorganic and non-combustible
d. to
be
capable
of withstanding
thermal deformations without loss of
performance criteria or external appearance
e. to be capable of withstanding dead, imposed and live loads (particular attention is drawn
to the risk of snow loads)
f. to be polyester powder coated to be carried out in one batch to avoid risk of
unacceptable colour variation in the view of the Engineer.
g. Thermo transfer rate k=0.47W/m2 0 C
8.3.7.3.
Laying
a. Laying shall not take place in windy or wet conditions. Sheeting to be handled with care
to ensure no loss of finish. Walk ways protecting roof finish to be established on roof to
reduce the risk of damage to surface finish. Non-abrasive footwear to be worn at all times
when roof is trafficked. Touching up after damage to surface finish will not be allowed
without the written agreement of the Engineer
b. Sheets to be cut, joined and overlapped to create a neat appearance. To be treated as
necessary to ensure appearance and life expectancy requirements
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Colours
Roof covering, flashings, rainwater down pipes and gutters, sills and canopies are to be
the colour as set out in Finishes schedule and drawings, or similar to be agreed with
Engineer.
8.3.8.
Windows and doors
See drawing 9643-Ft-307

8.3.8.1.
General performance requirements
a. Products to be: integrated tried and tested window/door/louver/curtain walling system.

All frames, hinges, handles, locks, closers and the like to be colour matched (refer to
door/window finishes schedule). Prior to installation of samples and drawings of profiles to
be provided to Engineer for checking and approval of usage
b. Products
to be robust and
capable
of withstanding hard impacts without
sustaining loss of performance
c. Frame shall not deviate more than 1/300 of the length of a member
8.3.8.2.
External elements
a. To have life expectancy of 25 years

b. To be weather tight and shall not permit: interstitial condensation, air penetration of
greater than one cubic metre per square metre of glazing when subject to a test pressure
of 600 and water penetration when subject to a test pressure of 300 Pa. Special
attention to be given the joints between frames and the surrounding external wall system
where a metal flashing id to conceal damp proof membrane seal.
c. Window including frames to have a total thermal transmission value no greater
than 2.56 W/m2 C
d. To have glazing body with thermal transmittance of not more than 1.2 W/m2C, solar
radiant heat transmittance of 0.58 or less, noise reduction of not less than 33 RW.
e. Double glazed units to have primary sealant of butyl rubber and secondary sealant of
polysulphide or two component silicon with at least 3mm cover of double glazing spacer.
External glazing to be double glazed 6-12-6 mm throughout with laminated glass the all
glazing below 700 mm from the finished floor level
f. To be inorganic (except where explicitly stated otherwise) and non-combustible
g. To be capable of withstanding thermal movement without loss of performance or
diminution of appearance
h. To be capable of withstanding dead, imposed and live loads.
i. To be readily cleanable. All windows to be bi-parting, one side tilt and turn and in the
case of double windows both sides inward opening one lever per leaf
j. Visible surfaces be as door/window schedule and drawings for colours. Colour coating to
be carried out in one batch to avoid risk of unacceptable colour variation in the view of the
Engineer
k. External sills to match material of the window. Door-sills to be wearing surface and flush
with the internal floor level. Threshold upstands shall be allowed. Sills to be integrated into
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system frames to ensure seal. Ends of window-sills to be complete with upstands dressed
into external stucco. Joints with external walls to be sealed as described below.
l. The joints between frames and walls to be filled properly with foam filler or similar, to
ensure the proper seal.
m. Where the internal finish of the walls is wet plaster the reveal to be rendered to ensure
render coat overlapping the joint of the window/door frame and the wall
The external joints shall be sealed. In addition damp proof membranes at head, sill and
jambs of junction between frames and external wall shall extend under entire sill and
minimum 100mm from frame and shall be dressed into the frame. Stucco finish then to
brought to the frame.
n. to have completely concealed compatible fixings, seals, flashings, separating
membranes and insulation
o. separating membranes where incompatible materials would otherwise be in contact
p. Finished surfaces must be protected with stick film against accidental abrasion in the
process of work.
q. opening elements to be capable of adjustment in frame to ensure even pressure at all
points of weather seal.
r. opening elements to have reinforced corners to prevent racking
s. Must permit the adjustment to window frame in order to secure the uniform pressure in
all points of sealing
t. opening elements to have handles for opening.
u. all opening elements in the boiler house to be fitted with contact breakers and
connected to the intruder alarm system
Fabrication and installation to be licensed by the manufacturer and to be able to offer
credible manufacturers warrantee in the opinion of the Engineer
8.3.8.3.
External windows
Frames to be drained and vented system UPVC.

8.3.8.4.
External UPVC Doors
a. To be as external elements & windows above

Doors to utilities such as gas boiler, switchboard and the like shall meet with all utility
company requirements
8.3.8.5.
Internal doors
a. fire doors to be certified in Romania and shall maintain their integrity in the accordance
with the requirements of the Fire Brigade (0.6 hrs fire resistance)
b. doors to be timber unless Fire Brigade performance requires metal
c. to have architraves 75 x 22 mm with double rebate as detailed. Fixed by screwing and
pinning. No filling will be permitted. Trimmed to suit wall/frame condition if unavoidable.
Miter architrave at upper comer junctions. Run architrave to floor without miter with skirting
whether architrave is provided or not.
d. hang all doors and ensure doors are not binding and do not allow in excess of 3 mm
between door leaf and frame
e. doors to be master locked to the clients requirements.
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Horizontal joints are staggered and reduced to a minimum. Screws heads are also hidden
with the joint product; maximum distance between the longitudinal sides of the board is 4
mm. Joints between boards are finished with reinforcing band joint filler and joint finisher
product according to the manufacturers.
The covering finishing is applied according to the manufacturers instructions. The method
used is the same when there are one or two boards to fix on the metal frame. Liaison to
other material is completed by means of an elastic joint filler.
Tolerances: Flatness 3 mm under the straight edge of 1 m and following DIN 18202.
8.3.8.6.
Lighting in suspended ceiling
To be supplied and fitted with the ceilings. Final connections of light fittings to be by
electricians. Lights to be complete with suspension rods recessed into the ceiling grid.
Lights to be suitable for specified illumination.
Finished surfaces to be straight, true, square and free from imperfections and where not
textured the finish should not deviate more than 3mm from an 2 m straight edge
8.3.9.
Tiling
8.3.9.1.
Laying and Jointing
Floor tiles 30x30 in Gres cerame. Tiles should be set out centred on a room and accurately
cut, ground and drilled as necessary to provide a neat and tidy finish in all circumstances
taking care to ensure there are no agged or flaked edges.
Proprietary movement joints at least 6mm wide are to correspond with:
internal corners between walls and where tiled area exceed 5 m where tiling abuts
other materials or firm objects
Grouting shall be smooth and without pinholes or low spots and generally be of uniform
appearance.
Clean and lay protection.
Joints to be 3 mm and capable of resisting high pressure water spray cleaning
8.3.10.
Paintwork
8.3.10.1. Materials
All paints are to be of European manufacture. The contractor shall not proceed with
ordering paint without the Engineers written acceptance of the manufacturer. The
Contractor shall scrupulously follow the manufacturers recommendations in all respects.
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8.3.10.2. Preparation
Obtain paints in containers suitable for the scale of work intended.

Containers should not be overly large as this could entail evaporation and impairment
of the paint.
Ensure sufficient quantities are purchased to limit colour-batching problems.
Organize sequence of work to ensure that finished work is not impaired by dust and
debris or other deleterious products.
Remove ironmongery, luminaries and other removable fitments and do not refix until
paint is folly dried.
Protect surfaces not intended to be painted. Remove all dirt and contaminants from
surface to be painted.
Fill imperfections.
Rub down with suitably abrasive paper, cloth, nylon pads or wire wool to assist
cleaning and key for paint but ensuring surface or crisp comers or features are not lost.
Remove abrasion dust.
Thoroughly mix paints to ensure all solids are evenly suspended in liquid but ensure no
air bubbles enter the paint.
Ensure background is dry and more than 14 days old in the case of render
Do not paint in inadequate light or if temperature is below 4 C or relative humidity is
above 80%.
Lightly rub down between coats if necessary.
Apply even consistent coatings with manufacturers preferred method (e.g. brush, roller
or spray). Where a brush is used brush in a single direction.
8.3.10.3. Application
For internal plaster apply:

- seal (can be diluted vinyl emulsion)
- two top coats of washable matt vinyl silk emulsion as Finishes Schedule
For internal wood apply:
- knotting on resinous or potentially resinous surfaces
- prime coat
- top coat
For internal applications apply top coat alkyd based satin finish paint as Finishes
Schedule.
For metals apply:
- etch coat on galvanizing
- prime coat
- top coat
- top coat alkyd based gloss finish paint as Finishes Schedule
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8.3.10.4. Ironmongery
a. Prepare for fitting of all fixings, locks, catches, plates and the like to allow for full
functioning of each element and as required in the Door Schedule.
b. Doors to have hinges to suit leaf weight, kick plates, push plates, door stops all as
indicated in Door schedule. All doors to have handles both sides operating latches with
European standard operated deadlock. Doors on escape routes to have thumb turn/panic
bar override to locks. Locks to be mastered to clients requirements.
Final list of accessories has to be approved by the Engineer.
8.3.11.
Wallfinishing
8.3.11.1. Gypsumboard dry partitions type 1
Composition: 2 x gypsumboard 15mm metal stud 75mm 1 x mineral wool insulation 80

mm external cladding: sandwich panel 40 mm
Composition: idem than Type 1 but with water resistance boards
Composition: 2 x gypsumboard 15mm metal stud 90mm 2 x gypsumboard 15mm
Composition: 2 x gypsumboard 15mm metal stud 90mm 2 x wr gypsumboard 15mm
Composition: 1 x gypsumboard 15mm metal stud 120mm 1 x WR gypsumboard 15mm
8.3.11.7. Gypsumboard dry partitions type7
Composition: 1 x WR gypsumboard 15mm metal stud 50mm 1 x WR gypsumboard
15mm
8.3.11.8. Gypsumboard dry partitions type8
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8.3.11.9. Generalities
Partitions composed of one faces made by gypsum board fixed on a metal studs structure
and the external cladding. The space between the board and the sandwich panel is filled
with mineral wool.
8.3.11.10. Technical specifications
Gypsumboard:
Gypsum coated on one sides with cardboard;
Longitudinal edges are tapered;
Dimensions: length 3 000 mm or 3600 mm
width 1 200 mm
thickness 2x15 mm
Made: Knauf - Rigips Lafarge or equivalent approved by the Engineer
Metallic studs structure
Galvanised steel sheet profiles, dimensions to ensure rigidity and resistance to the load.
Screws to the window frame and to the ceiling fix horizontal profiles, and vertical profiles
are inserted and fixed on them, at least, every 600 mm centre to centre.
Reinforcing profiles or special proprietary accessories are provided where necessary to fix
equipment, or making openings; all accessories as per gypsumboard manufacturers
production.
Insulation:
Internal space of the partition is filled with mineral wool mat of 50 mm
Thickness and a density of 60 kg/m following DIN 18 165.
8.3.11.11. Execution
Gypsum boards are fixed to the supporting structure with self-drilling screws.
Distance to respect between screws is maximum 300 mm and minimum 120 mm

between screws and attaches. Boards are vertically installed.
Joints between boards are finished with reinforcing band joint filler and joint finisher
product according to the manufacturers instructions.
Horizontal joints are staggered and reduced to a minimum.
Screws heads are also hidden with the joint product; maximum distance between the
longitudinal sides of the board is 4 mm.
The covering finishing is applied according to the manufacturers instructions.
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The method used is the same when there are one or two boards to fix on the metal
frame.
Liaison to other material is completed by means of an elastic joint filler.
Tolerances: Flatness 3 mm under the straight edge of 1 m and following DIN 18202.
Warranty period
5 years
8.3.11.12. Painting of ceilings
Composition binders: Acrylic copolymer dispersion Colour: choice by Engineer on the
manufacturers colour fan.
Viscosity: 115 Krebs unities at 25C
Density: 1.43 0.05 at 20C
Pouring resistance: to 300 micrometers of humid coat
Thickness of a dry coat: 35 micrometers
Glossiness: 3 to 4% Gardner gloss meter 60% after 7 days of drying
Wash ability: good
Make: Sigma, Levis, Alpinacolor or equivalent approved by the Engineer
8.3.11.13. Installation of the painting
The surface to paint must be perfectly washed, smooth and dry before the application of
the paint. Prior to application, the SC will brush the surface in order to delete all dirt, dust,
spillage, etc. The surface will also be smoothened of all irregularities. All other elements
near the surface to paint must be protected before the execution of the paint. The nature
and colour of the support will determine the number of coats, in order to cover it
completely, following the manufacturers specifications. The minimum number of coats is
2, in any case. If necessary, the contractor should put one isolating coat before painting.
The finished paint shall be uniform and plain. After the execution of the painting works, the
masking paper and adhesive bands will be removed from the windows.
Warranty period
2 years
8.3.12.
Ceiling finishing
8.3.12.1. Generalities
Gypsum boards 15 mm thick, fixed onto a metal stud frame in galvanised steel, which is
suspended to a concrete, metallic and wooden structure. The kind of false is all over the
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fitness area except from the areas 6 and 7 (wet areas). The gypsum board, 15mm thick, is
represented on the plan as CE2.10.
Made: Knauf - Rigips Lafarge or equivalent approved by the Engineer
8.3.12.2. Technical specifications
Gypsum board made of cardboard-coated plaster.
The longitudinal sides of each board shall be joint together by a 50 mm large reinforcing
band filled-in with joint filler. A joint finisher is applied according to the manufacturer
prescriptions, in second phase.
Dimension:
- Width: 1 200 mm
- Length: 3 000 mm
- Thickness: 15 mm
Supporting grid system will be realised with galvanised steel accessories and shall be fire
resistant.
Accessories:
- suspension wire = 4 mm or other system approved by Engineer
- U metallic profiles (dimensions: 27 x 60 x 27 x 0.63 mm)
- Suspension spring system.
8.3.12.3. Execution
Supporting raster:
Fixation to the structural ceiling in function of the material; suspension springs will be
fixed to the U metallic profile. Suspension wire will be fixed to suspension spring.
The whole shall be put at height and levelled.
The U profiles shall be elongated when necessary with special joining profiles.
The jointure with walls will be realised with a special corner profile (dimensions = 30 x
30 x 0.75 mm) fixed to the wall every 500 m.
Necessary reinforcement will be fixed where some object should be fixed to the ceiling
could constitute an overloading, max. bending 1:600.
Additional supporting elements for boards will be set up above the edges of the boards
for openings wider than 300 mm.
Maximal distance between suspensions will be 1250 mm.
Maximal distance from axes at the U profiles shall be 320 mm maximum.
All recommendation of the producer shall be carefully followed.
Side up stand shall be made with the same panel board and the edge angles shall be
finished with reinforcing profiles following the instructions of the producer; they shall be
perfectly flat and straight.
Tolerance: 2 mm under the lath of 3 m.
Cut-out for lighting fixtures or equipment is made as required, with eventually
reinforcement supporting structures.
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Warranty period
10 years
8.3.13.
External works
8.3.13.1. General
a. To be read in conjunction with External rainwater sewerage section

b. External ground levels are to be levelled up to the achieve the value set out in the
drawings
c. All external areas to be laid to fall to surface drains to avoid pounding and allow for
effective drainage of surface water.
d. Planting to take place in Autumn or Spring
8.3.13.2. Concrete Kerb
Provide precast concrete kerbs at all road junctions between whether concrete or bitumen
and pavements.
Chipped, irregular or otherwise poor quality kerbs will be rejected.
8.3.13.3. Soft landscaping and trees.
Plant trees and shrubs carefully, providing plenty of water and fertilizer.
Continue to tend plants until hand over of Development to Client.
8.3.14.
Mechanical Services
8.3.14.1. General provisions
a. Attention is drawn to the general provisions section

b. All pipework carrying heating or cooling services, hot water or cold water supply
services to be insulated to maintain temperature and avoid the formation of condensation
except exposed heating pipes.
c. Pipes shall be arranged to run neatly in parallel lines horizontally or vertically (not
diagonally) wherever possible. The insulation of one pipe shall not be closer than 30 mm
from another pipe, insulation of another pipes, wall or ceiling.
d. Air ventilation ducting - to be in suspended ceiling except where specified or shown to
be exposed. All ducting to be of galvanised sheet steel.
e. Pipe penetrations through wall or foundation shall be with cast in puddle flange leaving
20mm between flange and pipe. Seal between flange and pipe shall use water and gas
proof proprietary sealing system. Provision to be made in pipe design for movement at
crossing of deformation joints and connections to pumps, boiler, tanks and other
mechanical equipment
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8.3.14.2. Water supply for domestic use

a. Provide a polyethylene pipe 57 mm inlet from the existing main 100mm. Manhole with
stop valves to be provided at the connection point. Water inlet pipes to be sleeved
asbestos cement pipes protective housing at crossings with and electric cables. Include all
material and work up to and including meters, pressure gauges, shut off valves.
b. External fire-fighting with water consumption 15 I/sec to be from the designed fire tank
c. Internal pipes shall be of heavy type made of polyethylene.
d. Provide external water taps connected to the cold water supply system equipped
with disconnection devices for winter period
e. Allow fire extinguishers complete with brackets to be provided throughout the building
to the Fire Brigades requirements
See drawings 9643-Ft-500, 503 and 504
8.3.14.3. Fire Hydrant Locations
1. Fire hydrants shall conform to Romanian regulations
2. Fire hydrants shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of LBN 222-99.
3. It is forbidden to install fire hydrants on a branch line or building connection
4. Fire hydrants shall be installed every 150-200m in a water network.
5. The hydrants shall have an average flow of 15 l/s at 1bar minimum pressure
8.3.14.4. Gas supply
- The construction of 1 concrete base for a gas reservoir (tanks) to be as shown in project
documents and following the provider indications.
- Gas pipe shall be underground. Gas pipe to be in a steel protective housing at the
crossing under the road
- Pipes to monitor leakage to be provided according to local standards.
- Boiler room to be equipped with CMV (Controlled Mechanical Ventilation).
- All fittings shall be steel
8.3.14.5. Heat source
a. Gas boiler with a total heat capacity of 23 kW to be provided in its own room as
principal heat source of the building. The gas boiler shall be steel using low-pressure gas
with an efficiency of not less then 94%. Flow temperature to be 90 deg and return to be
70 deg C. Boiler to be equipped by two-stepped burner to provide preliminary preparation
of inflammable mixture and low-concentration NO in the flue gas. The
control/instrumentation system is described later herein.
b. Control/instrumentation system of the boiler room shall provide:
- reliable performance of the boiler without full time manning of the boiler room
- Space-heating standards to be achieved by variation in temperature of the heating water
and sing constant flow adjustment of fuel consumption according to heating load
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d. Hot water supply to be provided by a capacitive water heater. The water heater to be
equipped with anti-scaling anode. Water heater and the heat exchanger to be insulated
and made from enamelled high quality steel. The temperature of the hot water discharging
from the taps to be maximum 55 degree. Additional safety controls shall be fitted to ensure
that this temperature is not exceeded.
See drawing 9643-Ft-504
8.3.14.6. Heating system.
a. Space heat distribution
Connections shall be provided as follows:
- Flow and return pipe to hot water heater for domestic needs
- Flow and return pipe for heating system
b. Space heating controls
Generally, heating radiators will be fitted with manual valves on the flow pipe.
c. Space heating circuits
Hot water will be distributed throughout the building using two-pipe circuits. A circulation
pump will be fitted to the return. Balancing valves and shut-off valves shall be fitted on
every connection to the flow pipe. All connection to be flanged and valved.
8.3.14.7. Covering of pipe runs
The Contractor shall programme for testing of the pipe system before pipe runs are
insulated or covered. Pipe shall not run in screed or slab, unless authorized by the
Engineer. Refer to Screed section for pipes running screed.
Wall radiator pipes are to be set within plaster.
8.3.14.8. Painting of pipes
The Contractor shall allow for painting exposed pipes and fitting which are not copper or
brass with primer and undercoat with top coat heat resistant brass coloured metallic paint.
Gas pipes to be likewise painted bright yellow
8.3.14.9. Drainage
a. The drainage system shall be provided complete with surface channels, drain grills, pipe
work, gullies, seals, redding points, inspection chambers, as may be necessary. Pipe
capacities for foul and rainwater drainage shall be checked against local standards prior to
installation of any drains.
b. Foul drainage and rainwater drainage systems to be designed as separate systems
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c. Rainwater to be surface run-off. Rainwater Drainage system of 200mm diameter to be

provided to collect rainwater from the courtyard. Include all material and work
including gullies and new manholes.
8.3.14.10.Structural jointing, sealing and consideration
- Drains shall be water tight under all working conditions. Flexible joints shall be made for
different movement between pipes and ground or any structure through or any structure
through or under which the drain passes. Inverts shall be clean and have a clean bore.
- Drains shall be provided with sound foundations taking care to ensure that barrel of the
drain is properly supported.
- Seal rings to be used in order to provide deformation compensation of the hubs of pipes
- Concrete support to be provided at vertical to horizontal changes of direction.
Drains shall be laid with an adequate and uniform gradient
8.3.14.11. Ventilation
Adequate means of ventilation shall be provided to avoid siphoning of traps and the build
up of back-pressure.
8.3.14.12.Testing and covering up
- Gravity-flow drains shall be tested for air-tightness two times: preliminary test before
backfilling and final test - after backfilling. Methods and procedure of tests shall conform
with the SNiP 3.05.04-85*. Tests duration shall be not less than 1 hour. Tests shall be
performed in the presence of representatives of the Engineer and appropriate acts
confirming test results are to be issued.
- Refilling of drain trenches shall be executed carefully in 150mm layers. The first layer
over the drain shall be of fine material laid loosely and then carefully compacted.
Thereafter 150mm layers shall be well compacted.
- Internal soil stacks to be made of PVC pipes. Drainage system to be equipped with all
necessary traps, gullies and rodding eyes. Vent pipe to be provided to avoid vacuum and
insanitary fumes formation. Tops of soil and vent stacks to have wire domes terminating 1
m above roof level.
8.3.14.13.Sanitary units and accessories
- Basins and toilet bowls are to be glazed vitreous china.
- Toilet bowls to be wall mounted and to have white plastic seats and covers.
- shower trays to be polyester type
- Flushing handle to be chrome.
- Basins are to be wall mounted with proprietary fixing brackets and to be equipped with
single-lever chrome mixer tap, pop up waste and trap. Basins generally to be 800 mm
above finished floor level.
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8.3.14.14.Checking and cleaning

a.
Check for leaks, blockages and faults, adjust as necessary:
- Pressure release devices

- Flow direction
- Valves
- Pumps
- Thermostats
- Filters
- Burners
- Fluid levels
- Pressures
- Welds
b.
Clean and rinse with organo-phosphate solutions unless otherwise recommended
by the manufacturers. Analyse after refilling.
8.3.14.15.Testing
The system shall be balanced to ensure full compliance with the contract and all elements
of the system shall be comprehensively tested including: boiler operation, pressure tests
on all ducts pipework and pressure release elements.
8.3.15.
Indoor electrical connections

8.3.15.1. Scope
This section provides for the electrical power provision within the construction site and
includes safety measures, security, and control/instrumentation systems
8.3.15.2. Codes and standards
a.
The equipment, design and performance of the electrical system shall be in
accordance with:
- the laws, standards and codes of Romania;
- Provisions for electrical installation (PUE)
- VSN 59-88 Public and residential buildings electrical installation
- the technical conditions and requirements of the local power supply company
- the fire-fighting department.
b.
All equipment shall be certified in Romania
8.3.15.3. Power supply
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a. The object is designed second category power supply reliability having available the
following facilities of first category power supply reliability: fire-and intruder alarm, security,
control / instrumentation systems and emergency lighting. Installed capacity 88,5 kW.
b. The power to be supplied from city networks
c. Electrical power will be distributed at 380V, 3 phases. Incoming supply will be provided
via 2 cables-, to the main switchgear of the building.
d. Internal supply-line voltage to be 380/220 V. Main power distribution will be via the main
core to electrical distribution panels.
See drawing 9643-Ft-600, 601 and 602
8.3.15.4. Power distribution system
a. Power supply and distribution main switchgear shall be housed in the electrical room;
which shall be equipped with circuit breakers, fault current protection and meter, which is
connected to the power network through current transformers and metering boxes.
b. Electrical distribution panels on each floor of the building and in the site shall provide
power distribution, overload and short circuit protection of all the consumers.
c. Proprietary sub distribution boards of EN design shall be used to the satisfaction
of the Engineer.
8.3.15.5. Cabling, cable trays trunking and conduits
Primary and secondary distribution cables shall be copper cables laid in: galvanized cable
trays above suspended ceiling; cable trunking and in steel conduits in the screed, plaster
or surface mounted. Cable routes shall allow for an increase of at least 20 % in cables.
Cable trays and steel conduits shall be concealed or visible in accordance with the finishes
schedule. All cable trays have to be connected to the protective conductor PE. Main cable
routes are shown on plans.
Conductors, such as N (neutral) and PE (protective) should be laid directly from the main
switchgear or floor distribution panels to one phase, 220 V consumers of the building.
a. The size of power cables shall be at least 2.5 mm2 for socket outlets and 1.5 mm2 for
lighting.
b. All wiring shall be consistently be colour coded as provided for by the design.
c. Instrumentation, data, telecommunication, fire detection, signal cables shall be
adequately separated from cables carrying 220V or more (power cables). Signal cables
shall be laid in a separate cable trays. Main cable routes are shown on plans.
8.3.15.6. Switches and sockets
a. Each power socket outlet shall be suitable for current of at least 10 Amps and shall have
protective contact breakers.
b. Generally sockets outlets shall be installed 300 mm above floor level.
c. In offices sockets outlets for computers shall be placed 800 mm above the floor.
d. All the socket outlets for computers shall be grouped and connected through UPS to
main switchgear for power stabilizing and 8 min power support.
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e. Clean Power stickers on sockets outlets for computers to be provided.

f. All the lighting switches shall be suitable for current no less than 10 Amps. Lighting
switches generally shall be installed on the wall, 1400 mm above floor level and be located
on the door handle side.
g. All electrical equipment, including switches, sockets spurs and the like positioned
externally, in wet areas are to be appropriately designed for resistance to water
penetration and other possible hazards.
8.3.15.7. Lighting
a. Generally, power for lighting will be 220 V. Following type of lighting shall be provided:
working lighting - in all the common premises; emergency lighting - in switchgear room;
evacuation lighting - main escape routes.
b. Generally fluorescent luminaries shall be installed in all the premises of the
building. Luminaries shall have EP level (protection against the penetration of solid
bodies and the penetration of water) as described in plans.
c. Emergency/electrical lighting system shall be provided by means of a decentralized
system with battery back up per fixture.
8.3.15.8. Earthing and lighting protection
a. Electrical installation shall comply with provisions for electrical installation
b. Every exposed-conductive-part (a part which may become live under earth fault
conditions) and equipment (which may become live if insulation damaged) shall be
connected by a protective conductor to the main earthing terminal.
c. All electrical equipment shall be earthed or double insulated.
d. Main equipotential bonding conductors are required to connect the following equipment
and metallic parts to the main earthing terminal: 1) open live parts of general lighting; 2)
such fixed installation as conditioners, hand dryer and similar; 3) exposed metallic
structural parts of the building, suspending ceiling metal frames, partitions, metal door
frames; 4) metal cable racks, trays; 5) metal central air ducts and conditioning systems,
pipe lines.
Lightning rods shall be arranged for gas boiler and diesel generator.
Main earthing terminal for connecting all abovementioned equipotential bonding
conductors to supply earth shall be arranged on electrical mains entry point of the building.
8.3.15.9. Intruder security system
Concealed magnetic-contact detectors (windows and doors).
8.3.15.10.Testing
a. The power greed, lighting systems, earthing, back-up power, telecommunication,
information, fire-proof systems, security system, lighting protection and all electrical
equipment to be tested and the results to be documented.
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b. Attention to paid to installation of safety switches and adjustments to be executed taking

into consideration people safety and equipment protection before, during and after testing.
c. Testing to include:
Testing after delivery including all cables and equipment (if it is possible)
Testing before connecting including all cables and equipment (if it is possible)
The following tests to be made in order to provide compliances with contract
documentation:
Continuity of protective conductors and connections
Continuity of earthing mat
Insulation resistance
Electrical immiscibility and barriers
Polarity
Resistance of current loops of ground short circuits
Resistance of earthing electrode
Working of safety switches
Test results to be thoroughly documented during testing, and the abnormities must be
investigated and they must be reported even if the deviation is within the permissible limits.
When a malfunction is detected, measures to be taken for its clearing. The defective
element must be tested after repairing, and this will be mentioned in documentation.
After testing, the results will be presented to Engineer for observations.
8.3.16.
Ancillary installations
8.3.16.1. Weighbridge
Provide all labour, materials, equipment and tools as required to install, start up and
commission of a:
steel deck scale designed to accurately static weighing a road vehicle in above-ground
installation, can take a vehicle of up to 30 tonnes gross weight.
composed, as a minimum, by the following parts:
Mechanical:
- steel platform with grooved surface of a minimum dimension of 12 m x 3 m
- Steel plates for weight sensors installation as per manufacturer indications.
Electronical:
- Weight sensor manufactured from stainless steel and fully waterproof. They incorporate
the latest digital technology and are factory calibrated for maximum accuracy.
- Connections and cables to interface with the computing system to be located in the
Administration office
- weight external electronic indicator
- Computer with software and printer for automatic data processing
- Interface for communication with centre data base or other automatic weighing systems.
Structural:
Concrete works as per drawing 9643-Ft-404 and manufacturer requirements.
The Contractor is responsible for the provision, assembly, metrological calibration, legal
conformity, commissioning and guarantee certification.
The Contractor shall obtain from the Judetean Metrologic Bureau the installation notice
according to the legislation in force and any other required certification
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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As per details shown on drawing

and located on drawing
February 2004
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9643-Ft-404
9643-Ft-300 and 301
8.3.16.2. Holding Tank

The water supply installation shall be connected to a holding tank, which shall provide
storage capacity for general water usage and for emergency use in the case of fire. The
construction details for the tank are presented on drawing: 9643Ft-502.
The tank shall be installed at the location detailed on Drawing 9643Ft-300 and 301. The
holding tank shall be of reinforced concrete construction in accordance with the details
presented on Drawing 9643-Ft-502. The tank shall provide a minimum storage capacity of
30m3.
8.3.16.3. Fencing (Type 1)
Delivery and installation of a fence with panels from a proprietary manufacture with:
a total length of: 500 m
a total height of: 2400 mm
Specifications
Colour panels, posts:
green
Total height:
2600 mm
Height panels:
2400 mm
Width panels:
2500 mm
Length post:
2400 mm
Type of fencing: WELDED MESH PANELS
500. Linear meter heavy welded mesh with horizontal reinforcements.

Galvanised, electrically welded and plastic coated.
Panels of 2500 mm length with vertical barbs of 30 mm at one side which can be
placed at the top or at the bottom.
Mesh size: 100 x 50 mm, measured from centre wire to centre wire.
Size of the reinforcing mesh: 100 x 50 mm
Wire diameter: 4.50 mm
Salt spray test guaranteed of min. 1000 hours.
Posts out of profiled plate. Galvanised inside and outside, with holes in the side flanges
every 10 cm to fix the panels and plastic cap.
Minimum zinc coating: 275 g/m2 (both sides together)
Adhesion coating and polyester coated.
Minimum thickness of layer: 60 micron.
Salt spray test guaranteed of min. 1000 hours.
Profile of the posts: 60 x 50 mm.
Tensile strength of the plate: 1.70 m: 3.62 cm3 and > 1.70 m : 5.23 cm3
Colour: green
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Height: 2400
The foundation size is: 20x50x 100 cm
The posts are anchored every 2513.5 mm.
- Installation in a straight line:
The method of installation is: post - panel - post etc ......
Installation of the first post and fixing of the panel: the panel is attached in the side
flank of the post and is anchored by means of the reinforcement pleats of the panel.
(These reinforcement pleats are regular and uninterrupted.
The second post is fixed to the panel.
Following installation: always panel post and anchor in concrete.
-Installation in corner (90, acute and obtuse corners):
For the installation the same system is always used.
For no matter which corner it is necessary to use a second post;
the post, which forms the corner, is placed in the same hole as the last line post.
- Specific applications:
barbs: the barbs of the panels can either be placed at the top or at the bottom
- Accessories:
Concrete plate holder
8.3.16.4. Wheelwash
Provide all labour, materials, equipment and tools as required to install, start up and
commission a compact electrically driven rollers unit with mechanical braking system.
Integrated settlement tank, pumping and scraper conveyor system. The washing system
consisting of both bottom and side nozzles.
Each axle of a truck is individually rotated on the pair of rollers and intensively washed.
Water recycling is carried out within the unit. The sludge is automatically dewatered and
evacuated to the side of the unit
Installed in a concrete sump as per manufacturer requirements and based as a minimum
on:
1. Excavation
The dimensions for the excavation can be seen on drawing 9643-Ft-403. The size of the
excavation is dependant upon the chosen method of sludge-emptying.
2. Concrete sump
Prepare a sump out of concrete on a load-bearing foundation (gravel or lean concrete).
Following dimensions given by the manufacturer
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3. Backfilling
Backfill around the concrete sump with gravel and compact the driveway areas.
4. Making the entry and exit areas firm
Prepare ramp edges using concrete kerbstones. Make the entry and exit areas firm using
concrete or asphalt, ensuring a 2-3 % incline towards the unit.
5. Positioning of the tire-cleaning unit
Lower the tire-cleaning unit into the concrete sump using suitable lifting equipment, taking
care of the correct drive-through direction.
6. Provide connections to the power supply and water supply as indicating by the
manufacturer and shown on drawings
8.4
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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UTILITIES
8.4.1. Water Supply

8.4.1.1.
General Description
The water supply for general operations at the site shall be provided by means of a
groundwater borehole installation supplying a holding tank. The holding tank will feed the
wheelwash and road cleaning operations, inter alia, and will provide capacity for
emergency fire extinguishing at the site.
8.4.1.2.
Groundwater Extraction Well
The well shall be installed in accordance with the details presented on Drawing 9643-Ft501 at the location shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-300 and 301. The well shall be installed to
a minimum depth of 3m below the primary groundwater level established during drilling
and shall incorporate an electric submersible pump with a minimum flow rate of 10m 3/hour
at the required pressure head. The well shall be connected to the holding tank by suitable
solid pipework. The pump shall be constructed from stainless steel and shall be operated
by an automatic level control system set to maintain the volume of the tank above 20m 3.
8.4.1.3.
Water Holding Tank
See 8.3.16.2.
8.4.2.
8.4.3. Electricity Supply
The electricity supply system for the site shall be installed in accordance with the details
presented on Drawings 9643-Ft-600. Whenever not otherwise specified General Technical
Specifications are applicable.
8.4.3.1.
General
Although the Engineer has estimated a preliminary design on the electrical installation for
landfill Feteni, the Contractor shall provide all supplementary design of the installations
which is necessary to ensure full coordination for the correct working of the system, and
the final design of the Electrical power supply.
8.4.3.2.
Standards
The electrical works shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the
International Standards IEC and other Standards and Regulations in force in Romania and
applicable for electrical works.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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8.4.3.3.
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Materials, general requirements
Protection against indirect contact shall be accomplished by earthing and equipotential

bonding and residual current operated circuit breakers according to IEC 364-4-41
modified, supplemented by the use of circuits for extra low voltage of max. 24V AC (PELV
according to IEC) for specific locations.
Unless otherwise specified for particular components, the degree of protection by
enclosure as defined in IEC 60529 shall be as a minimum:
Submerged: IP 68
Outdoors, exposed to the weather or humidity: IP 55
Indoors, in technical rooms: IP 44
Indoors, in office type rooms with controlled climate: IP 23
The Contractor shall deliver all necessary fixing and installation materials and components
as well as tools to finish the installations according to the present specification.
8.4.3.4.
Earthing
Earthing grid will be designed get the following aims:

Personnel security
Correct earthing of the electrical equipment, so a good protection working will be
achieved.
The installation will be provided with an earthing copper ring of 50 mm2 round the building
buried 0,5 m and four bimetallic rods, 2 m long at the corners. This earthing grid will be
measured in order to check that the earthing resistance is lower than 10 Ohms. If the
earthing resistance is higher supplementary actions will be carried out (increasing the
amount of the buried electrode, adding conductive salts, ...)
Every rod will be installed into a register box.
All the connections in the buried earthing grid will be welded.
The distribution switchboard will be provided of an earthing collector that will be connected
to the earthing grid.
All the metallic electrical equipment ducts and trays will be earthed directly or through
switchboard earthing collector.
The cable screen of the level switches will be connected to a reference-earthing rod
installed next to the pumping pits.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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8.4.3.5.
February 2004
Tender Documents
Switchboards and control panels
Mechanical requirements
The switchboard will be provided with three different areas for:
Circuit breakers
Cables
Terminals
Circuit breakers
All the circuit breakers will be provided of a free potential contact normally closed and
normally open.
Switchboard will be provided with circuit beakers according to drawings.
Residual-current operated circuit breakers

The rated residual operating current shall be 30 mA for lighting circuits and 300 mA for
power circuits, unless otherwise specified on the drawings.
Control circuit
Electrical switchboard will be provided with a control circuit with two functions:
Outdoor lighting control
Alarm signalling
Outdoor lighting control will consist of:
Lighting photo-voltaic switch
Conmutator
Contactor
Alarm signalling will consist of:
1 level switches (in leachate pumping pit)
Contacts in the circuit breakers
Test push-button
Lighting diodes
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Diodes
Control scheme will be made according to drawings.
Level switches must be adequate for operating in contact with the leachate.
8.4.3.6.
Cable routing
Cable conduits
Visible cable conduits shall be made of hot dip galvanized steel according to DIN 2440.
PVC and metal conduits including fittings shall comply with IEC and EN Standards.
8.4.3.7.
Underground cable routing
Underground cable routing will be done by PVC ducts.

Cable ducts shall be of a rigid type, made from high impact PVC, medium density
polyethylene, or similar, according to EN 50.086-2-4. The wall thickness shall be at least
2.2 mm.
The ducts shall be buried at least 800 mm below ground surface level under paved areas
and 600 mm under no-traffic areas unless otherwise indicated on the drawings. Under
roads and other areas where traffic may be expected ducts shall be surrounded with
concrete.
Manholes will be placed at least every 40 m or in direction changes to make easy cable
laid.
8.4.3.8.
Cables
General
All cabling and wiring shall be done in accordance with the relevant requirements of the
Romanian state Standards and international Standards IEC and EN.
Materials
Cables shall be with stranded high conductivity copper conductors complying with the
requirements of IEC 60228, Class 2.
Cables shall be the fire retardant type with low emission of smokes and toxic and corrosive
gasses. The fire retardant shall comply with the requirement of IEC 60332-3 category B
and C. Category B for power cables and category C for pilot- or control cables.
Rated voltage, U0/U, shall be 600/1000 V.
Rated voltage, U0/U, 450/750 V can be used for building internal installations only if cables
are protected in ducts.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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No conductors smaller than 1.5 mm shall be used.

No conductors smaller than 6 mm2 shall be used in buried laid for power and lighting.
Conductors in control and signal cables with more than 5 conductors shall be numbered.
Signal cables shall be shielded.
Protective conductors may be bare copper wires, marked according to IEC 60364.
8.4.4.
8.4.5.
8.4.6. Lighting
The lighting system for the site shall be installed in accordance with the details presented
in the General Technical Specifications and on Drawing 9643-Ft-601.
8.4.6.1.
Lighting installations
In these Tender Documents the term "luminaries" is synonymous with the terms "lighting
fitting" or "lighting fixture".
Materials
The luminaries specified in the lists of luminaries given on the drawings or budget, comply
with the architectural and technical intentions of the design. The Contractor may deliver
and install luminaries of other manufacturers provided the technical specifications for
quality, materials, painting, light distribution, etc. are equal to or better than for the
luminaries specified. Also, the visual appearance of the luminaries shall match the
specified types to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All alternative luminaries are subject to
the Engineer's approval.
Indoor lighting will be made with fluorescent tubes of the following characteristics:
Tube diameter 26-28 mm
Colour: Corresponding to a correlated colour temperature of approximately 4000K

(white), with colour rendering index Ra better than 80.
Ballasts shall be the low power type, or electronic, high frequency type, as specified for
the individual luminaries types. Ballasts shall comply with IEC 60920, 60921 and
60928, 60929 respectively.
Incandescent lamps shall be rated 230V or 240V and be of the reinforced (industrial) type.
Emergency lighting will comply IEC standards and Romanian regulations.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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All lamps shall be un-used (max. 10 hours burning time) at the time of Taking-over.
The luminaries shall be cleaned and aligned before commissioning.
All luminaries shall be delivered and installed complete with lamps, and shall be cleaned
and aligned before commissioning.
Cut-outs for ceiling mounted luminaries shall be made under the ceiling Works. However, it
shall be fully coordinated with the electrical Works.
All lighting switches shall be compatible with the type of installation, flush switches for
concealed installation, surface switches for surface installation.
The lighting switches shall be rated minimum 10A, and they shall be of a construction,
which permits the use of the switches with fluorescent or inductive loads without de-rating.
The switches shall be delivered complete with box for flush mounting, cover plate, etc.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
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February 2004
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APPENDIX A
Ground Investigation Data
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

07/01/
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February 2004
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APPENDIX B
Grading Requirements for Toe Bund

Rock Fill and Graded Filter Layers
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

07/01/
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2 111
100
.002
.006
.06
.02
.2
February 2004
.6
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20
200
60
600
90
80
Cumulative % Passing
70
Clay Liner
Sand Filter
60
Rock Fil
Rock Filter
50
40
30
20
10
0
0,001
Clay
0,010
Silt
0,1
Sand
Sieve size, mm
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

07/01/
10
100
Gravel
1000
Cobbles
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2 112
February 2004
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APPENDIX C
Landfill Containment System Construction

Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C
February 2004
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Construction Quality Assurance Plan (CQA) Plan

for Lining System Construction
CONTENTS
C1
INTRODUCTION
C2
MINERAL LINER
Page No.
C2.1 Compaction Trial

C2.2 Liner Construction
C2.3 Compliance Testing
C2.4 Subgrade Approval
C3
GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER (GCL)

C3.1 Documentation
C3.2 Delivery, Storage and Handling
C3.3 Conformance Testing
C3.4 Subgrade
C3.5 Installation
C3.6 Repair Procedure
C3.7 Installation Approval
C4
GEOMEMBRANE
C4.1 Documentation
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 1
February 2004
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C4.4 Subgrade
C4.5 Deployment
C4.6 Seaming
C4.7 Trial Seams
C4.8 Non-Destructive Seam Testing
C4.9 Destructive Seam Testing
C5
PROTECTIVE GEOTEXTILE
C5.1 Documentation
C5.2 Delivery and Storage
C5.4 Installation
C6
LEACHATE DRAINAGE LAYER

C6.2 Layer Placement
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 2
C1
February 2004
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INTRODUCTION
This appendix forms the Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan for the
construction of the landfill lining system. This CQA Plan shall be implemented for all
elements of the landfill lining system construction to ensure that the requisite
specifications and a satisfactory quality of workmanship are achieved for all
installed materials.
The construction shall be supervised by an experienced CQA Engineer. All test
results shall be recorded and together with relevant survey data and material
documentation shall be compiled into a Completion Report on conclusion of the
works.
C2
MINERAL LINER
C2.1 Compaction Trial

Following approval of the clay material for use and prior to the commencement of
mineral liner construction, a compaction trial shall be carried out to prove that the
proposed construction methodology will achieve the specification. The general
methodology for construction of the compaction trial is set out below:
a)
The clay material shall be spread over a minimum area of 50m 2 to achieve a
nominal compacted layer thickness of 250mm using a pad-foot roller.
b)
The layer shall be compacted with a range of passes of the compaction

plant, as necessary, and tested for each compaction regime to determine the
most effective method of achieving the required specification.
c)
On completion of testing and sampling of the first layer, a second layer shall
be placed, compacted and tested in accordance with a) and b) above.
d)
The testing/sampling shall comprise a minimum of three tests per layer for
density/ moisture content. Testing may be carried out using a nuclear density
gauge, by core cutter sampling or by sand replacement density testing.
The compaction trial shall be carried out on both a flat and a 1:2 slope area to
confirm the suitability of the compaction methodology for all areas of liner
construction.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 3
February 2004
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The Contractor may adopt alternative methods of compaction subject to the

approval of the CQA Engineer. A compaction trial shall be carried out for each
alternative method proposed.
The compaction trial may form part of the Contractors clay source evaluation works
as detailed in the Particular Specification.
Where the results demonstrate that the methodology and plant used for the
compaction trial achieve the required specification, works may proceed with
placement of the clay liner. If the results of the trial prove unsuccessful, the
placement methodology and/or compaction plant shall be changed and a further
trial carried out to assess the revisions. This process shall continue until the CQA
Engineer is satisfied that the proposed plant and methodology will produce
satisfactory results. If the compaction trial is carried out within the liner area, any
non-conforming material shall be removed prior to liner construction.
C2.2 Liner Construction
On completion of the compaction trial the clay liner shall be constructed using the
plant and methodology determined by the trial. The compaction method shall not be
changed without further trials to demonstrate the suitability of the revised method.
Construction of the clay liner will be carried out in sections such that the liner is
completed without excessive drying or softening of the intermediate layers or the
completed liner surface. If deemed necessary by the CQA Engineer the
intermediate and completed liner surfaces shall be protected using plastic sheeting
or other approved method.
The Contractor shall be responsible for controlling the water content of the clay in
accordance with the requisite value by wetting or allowing drying as necessary. If
wetting is required a methodology shall be agreed with the CQA Engineer to
incorporate the additional water throughout the material e.g. spraying the layer by
water browser and rotavating to full layer depth. Drying may require breaking up or
scarifying of the material to promote evaporation.
Any unsuitable materials within the liner shall be removed including any stones or
clods larger than 125mm or excessively softened or wetted clay. Joints between
sections of placed liner shall be constructed with a stepped connection between
successive layers to assure the continuity of the seal.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 4
February 2004
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If a smooth-drum roller is used to seal an intermediate layer surface against

rainfall/desiccation, the layer surface shall be scarified to a minimum depth of 25
mm prior to the placement of any subsequent layer to ensure a competent key
between layers. Any clay material that becomes excessively dry/wet shall be
wetted/left to dry sufficiently or shall be removed from the Works.
All perforations made in the liner for testing or sampling purposes shall be backfilled
with clay to the satisfaction of the CQA Engineer.
The thickness of the completed liner shall be determined by level survey in
accordance with the specified survey requirements. If the results of the surveys
indicate that the clay liner does not achieve the requisite thickness, additional clay
shall be placed and compacted and the area(s) re-surveyed until the requisite
thickness is achieved.
The surface of the completed liner shall be prepared to a smooth, even profile using
a smooth-drum roller or other suitable approved method to provide a suitable
subgrade to the overlying Geomembrane.
The CQA Engineer shall verify that all aspects of liner construction are carried out in
accordance with this document including compliance testing as detailed below.
C2.3 Compliance Testing
A regime of field compliance testing and sampling for laboratory testing in
accordance with Table A below to verify that the liner meets the required
specification and placement criteria. The testing shall be carried out on each layer
placed and the test location and result shall be recorded. Subsequent layers of clay
shall not be placed until the CQA Engineer has verified that the tested layer has
achieved the requisite density/moisture content criteria. Any remedial works shall be
carried out as determined by and to the satisfaction of the CQA Engineer.
Table A: Mineral Liner Conformance Testing Requirements
CONFORMANCE
TEST METHOD
TESTING
(STAS)
FREQUENCY
PROPERTY
(per m3 clay placed)
Classification Testing
Liquid and Plastic Limits
1913/4-86
500
Particle Size Distribution
1913/5-85
500
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 5
February 2004
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(including Clay Content)

Compaction Testing
Density/ Moisture Content
125
Air Voids Content
1913/6-76
1,000
Permeability Testing
Permeability
The CQA Engineer shall check the results of all laboratory compliance testing to
verify that the clay liner meets the required specification.
At locations where the results of the field-testing indicate failure to achieve the
required acceptance criteria, the extent of the non-compliant area shall be
determined by the CQA Engineer on the basis of surrounding locations of compliant
tests.
Non-compliant areas shall be remediated by one of the following procedures:
a)
Additional compaction of the area;
b)
Adjustment of the clay moisture content by the addition of water or by

scarifying and allowing drying until the required moisture content is obtained,
followed by additional compaction as necessary;
c)
Removal of the material and replacement with suitable material.
All locations/areas of non-compliance shall be recorded together with remedial

actions taken and shall not permit placement of a subsequent layer on the area until
compliance is achieved.
C2.4 Subgrade Approval
The completed surface of the clay liner shall be inspected by the CQA Engineer
who shall verify its suitability for GCL installation. The surface shall be smooth and
firm, without irregularities including bumps, hollows or shrinkage cracks and free of
unsuitable materials. Any stones larger than 100mm and any visible sharp stones
larger than 30mm shall be removed from the surface. The CQA Engineer shall
record each area of approved subgrade, which shall be clearly delineated. Approval
of an area may be withdrawn if its condition deteriorates prior to GCL installation as
to be no longer acceptable.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 6
C3
February 2004
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GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER (GCL)
C3.1 Documentation
The Contractor shall supply to the CQA Engineer a copy of the manufacturers
quality control documentation covering the delivered material. The CQA Engineer
shall review the data to verify that it meets the requirements the Particular Technical
Specification. Any non-conforming material will be rejected.
Prior to any GCL installation, the Contractor shall provide the CQA Engineer with a
schematic plan showing the proposed layout of GCL panel installation for approval.
During installation the Contractor shall provide to the CQA Engineer detailed
records of the installation. On completion of installation the Installer shall submit to
the CQA Engineer a fully referenced as-constructed layout plan showing panel/roll
reference numbers and any repair and sample locations.
The CQA Engineer shall maintain detailed records of the delivery, installation and
testing of the GCL which shall be incorporated into the Completion Report.
The Contractors proposed method of handling and storing the GCL shall comply
with the manufacturers instructions and avoid any damage or deterioration to the
GCL. The storage area shall be firm and dry and the rolls shall be stored above
ground level on timber baulks or other approved means. The rolls shall be stacked
no more than three high.
Upon delivery the CQA Engineer shall visually examine all rolls of GCL for damage.
Any damage shall be marked and recorded and the respective roll set aside for
further investigation as necessary. The CQA Engineer shall record the relevant
reference numbers of each roll delivered.
Suitable measures shall be provided for protecting the material at all stages of the
work from all sources of potential damage or deterioration, including adverse
weather conditions until completion of the works.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 7
February 2004
Tender Documents
Samples shall be taken from selected rolls of GCL as determined by the CQA
Engineer at the frequency detailed in Table B below and submitted for conformance
testing to confirm that the properties of the material meet the requirements detailed
in the Particular Technical Specification.
Table B: GCL Conformance Testing Requirements
PROPERTY
TEST METHOD
CONFORMANCE
TESTING
FREQUENCY
GCL Sheet
Thickness
DIN EN964-1
1 per 2,500m2
Moisture Content
DIN 18121
Permeability
DIN EN ISO 18130
Peel Strength
DIN EN ISO 10319
Tensile Strength
DIN EN ISO 10319
1 per 10,000m2
Bentonite
Montmorillonite Content
Methylene Blue
(VDG P69)
Mass per Unit Area
DIN EN 965
1 per 2,500m2
(at 15% moisture content)

Swell Index
ASTM D5890
GCL installation shall not commence prior to the receipt of the conformance testing
results by the CQA Engineer. Any non-conforming roll will be rejected and the rolls
with adjacent sequential numbers shall be conformance tested. Any additional
testing required as a result of non-conforming material shall be carried out at the
expense of the GCL supplier.
In addition to the above conformance procedure if, during the installation works, any
material appears to be visually defective, the Contractor shall be obliged to replace
the material and/or undertake additional conformance testing as determined by the
CQA Engineer. This additional testing shall be carried out at the expense of the
GCL supplier.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 8
February 2004
Tender Documents
C3.4 Subgrade
No GCL shall be laid unless the CQA Engineer has approved the area of subgrade.
The area of approval for GCL installation shall be clearly delineated and GCL shall
only be laid on areas of subgrade approved by the CQA Engineer on the day of
installation. Approval of an area may be withdrawn if its condition deteriorates prior
to GCL installation such that it is no longer acceptable.
C3.5 Installation
The GCL shall be deployed either by hand or by approved plant in a manner, which
does not cause disturbance to the subgrade or any damage to or bentonite loss
from the GCL. On the side slopes the GCL shall be installed parallel to the direction
of slope (i.e. downslope).
The GCL installation will be carried out in accordance with an approved installation
plan prepared by the Contractor. This plan will illustrate the planned location of each
panel although this may alter depending on ground and weather conditions
encountered. The plan is to be developed with the principal objectives of minimising
the number of overlaps and maximising installation speed.
GCL panels shall be positioned with a minimum overlap to adjacent longitudinal
panels of 300mm, or greater subject to the manufacturers instructions. Accessory
bentonite shall be incorporated into all lateral joints and, if required, subject to the
GCL product used, into all longitudinal joints in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions. All surfaces to be joined shall be completely clean, dry, free from
imperfections or significant undulations.
The CQA Engineer shall test the application rate of the accessory bentonite by
mass per unit area testing at a frequency of 1 test per 50m of seam.
The method of installation of the GCL shall be carried out such that:
i)
adequate temporary anchorage is provided to prevent slippage or wind

disturbance;
ii)
no significant undulations or any folds are present in the GCL sheet or at

joints;
iii)
panels are placed one at a time;
iv)
jointing operations take place immediately following deployment.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 9
February 2004
Tender Documents
v)
no construction plant shall be permitted on the installed GCL.
vi)
GCL deployment and jointing shall not take place during any period of
precipitation or strong winds.
All GCL panels placed shall be covered the same day with the Geomembrane.
Edges of the GCL remaining exposed shall be covered with plastic sheeting and
adequately weighted down as protection from precipitation or wind disturbance.
Prior to further laying of GCL, the exposed GCL shall be inspected by the CQA
Engineer. Any excessively hydrated material shall be removed and/or the overlap
with newly placed panels increased, as determined by the CQA Engineer.
The CQA Engineer shall verify that the GCL is placed in accordance with the
approved panel layout plan. The GCL shall be inspected during placement and any
damaged or visually unsuitable material shall be repaired or rejected. Each area of
damage shall be given a sequential reference number and the area recorded on a
suitable drawing.
Any GCL damage or non-conforming areas, including conformance sampling
locations, shall be repaired as follows. The area shall be covered with an
appropriately shaped patch of the same GCL material to give a minimum overlap of
500mm in all directions with conforming/undamaged material. The patch shall be
jointed by the application of accessory bentonite into the overlap in accordance with
the manufacturers instructions. For small patches the accessory bentonite shall be
placed in the form of a paste.
Prior to the installation of the overlying Geomembrane, the GCL shall be subject to
the inspection and approval of the CQA Engineer. The CQA Engineer shall verify
that the GCL has been installed in accordance with all requirements of this
document, that all repairs have been completed and that no potentially deleterious
materials are present on the GCL.
Approval of an area of installed GCL may be withdrawn if the area is not covered in
a timely manner such that its condition deteriorates as to be unacceptable. Any
consequential GCL replacement shall be at the Contractors expense.
C4
GEOMEMBRANE
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 10
February 2004
Tender Documents
C4.1 Documentation
The Contractor shall submit to the CQA Engineer a copy of the manufacturers
quality control documentation for each roll of Geomembrane delivered to site. The
documentation shall be provided prior to installation of any material. The CQA
Engineer shall review the data to verify that it meets the requirements of the
Particular Technical Specification. Any non-conforming material will be rejected.
Prior to any Geomembrane installation, the installer shall submit to the CQA
Engineer a schematic plan showing the proposed layout of Geomembrane panel
installation for approval. The plan shall detail the proposed location of any extrusion
seams.
During installation the installer shall provide to the CQA Engineer detailed records
of the installation. On completion of installation the installer shall submit to the CQA
Engineer a fully referenced as-constructed layout plan showing panel/roll reference
numbers, seam types and any repair and sample locations.
The CQA Engineer shall maintain detailed records of the delivery, installation and
testing of the Geomembrane which shall be incorporated into the Completion
Report.
The Geomembrane material shall be delivered, stored and handled strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The handling equipment and
storage method employed shall ensure no damage to the Geomembrane. Each
Geomembrane roll shall be equipped with suitable slings to enable handling.
The storage area shall be firm, clean and rolled flat to avoid damage to the
Geomembrane. The installer shall provide adequate and acceptable measures for
protecting the materials at all stages of the work from all sources of potential
damage, including adverse weather conditions until completion of the Works.
Upon delivery the CQA Engineer shall oversee the unloading and storage of the
material and shall visually examine all rolls for damage. Any damage shall be
marked for further investigation as necessary. The CQA Engineer shall record the
relevant reference numbers of each roll.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 11
February 2004
Tender Documents
Samples shall be taken from selected rolls of Geomembrane as determined by the

CQA Engineer at the frequency detailed in Table C below and submitted for
conformance testing to confirm that the properties of the material meet the
requirements detailed in the Particular Technical Specification. Samples shall be 1m
long by the roll width and shall not include the first linear metre of the roll.
Table C: Geomembrane Conformance Testing Requirements
PROPERTY
TEST METHOD
CONFORMANCE
TESTING
FREQUENCY
Thickness
DIN 53353
1 per conformance
suite
(+ each roll checked
on site)
Density
DIN ISO 1183
ASTM D1603
ASTM D5596
Tensile Strength at Yield

Tensile Strength at Break
DIN EN ISO 527-3
1 per 10,000m2
Elongation at Yield
Elongation at Break
Puncture Resistance
Tear Resistance
ASTM D4833
DIN 53515
ASTM D5397
Any non-conforming material will be rejected and removed from the Works. In the
event of failure, the two rolls with adjacent sequential reference numbers to the
failed roll shall be conformance tested. Any additional testing required as a result of
non-conforming material shall be carried out at the expense of the Geomembrane
supplier. Any material shall be installed prior to receipt of the conformance testing
results by the CQA Engineer shall be at the installers risk.
In addition to the above conformance procedure if, during the installation works, any
material appears to be visually defective, the installer shall be obliged to replace the
material or undertake additional conformance testing as determined by the CQA
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 12
February 2004
Tender Documents
Engineer. This additional testing shall be carried out at the expense of the
Geomembrane supplier.
The CQA Engineer shall carry out thickness measurements on each roll to confirm
compliance with the specification.
C4.4 Subgrade
Prior to any Geomembrane installation, the CQA Engineer shall inspect the surface
of the GCL to verify that it is free of any debris, damage or deterioration. No
Geomembrane shall be installed to an area until approval has been granted by the
CQA Engineer. Approval shall be withdrawn if the condition of the mineral liner
deteriorates as to be no longer acceptable.
C4.5 Deployment
The Geomembrane shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations, either by hand or by approved suitable plant, so as not to cause
damage to the Geomembrane or disturbance to the mineral liner. Except in
emergencies to ensure the safety of the Works or of site operatives, plant will not be
permitted to track directly on the installed Geomembrane.
Individual panels shall be positioned with a minimum overlap of 100mm between
the adjacent panels. On the side slopes the Geomembrane panels shall be installed
parallel to the direction of slope (i.e. downslope). The first linear metre of each roll
shall be removed and shall not be used in the Works.
The method of installation of the Geomembrane shall ensure that:
i)
panels are deployed and seamed one at a time;
ii)
scratches or crimps do not occur as a result of deployment;
iii)
undulations in the installed Geomembrane are minimised as far as

practicable and do not exceed 150mm in height;
iv)
equipment does not cause excessive heat or leak hydrocarbons on the

Geomembrane;
v)
adequate and suitable temporary weighting, e.g. sandbags, is provided to

ensure no movement occurs during deployment or seaming or at any
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 13
February 2004
Tender Documents
subsequent time prior to approval by the CQA Engineer of the completed

Geomembrane installation.
To avoid damage to the Geomembrane all personnel working on the Geomembrane
shall wear suitable footwear and shall not smoke.
The CQA Engineer shall verify that Geomembrane deployment is carried out in
accordance with the installers proposed panel layout plan and with the
manufacturers recommendations. Any deviation from the proposed layout plan
shall be subject to the prior agreement of the CQA Engineer. The CQA Engineer
shall visually inspect each panel of Geomembrane deployed for defects or damage
before it is seamed and shall clearly mark and record any locations for repair or
removal.
C4.6 Seaming
Individual panels shall be joined generally by means of dual track fusion seaming.
The overall seam width shall not be less than 100mm. Where necessary in certain
areas, which shall be indicated on the proposed panel layout plan, extrusion
seaming may be used but the use of this technique should be limited and only used
where approved by the CQA Engineer. The width of extrusion seams shall not be
less than 30mm. Prior to forming seams, the CQA Engineer shall verify that all
surfaces to be welded are completely clean, dry and free from imperfections.
Seams shall be made only by skilled and experienced operators using methods
outlined in this document. The installer shall provide suitably qualified and
experienced personnel including an experienced supervisor. Relevant details shall
be provided to the CQA Engineer of his proposed personnel and their experience.
Panels shall be aligned without significant wrinkles and shall be temporarily
anchored using sandbags or other suitable means to prevent slippage or wind
disturbance.
Seaming shall not take place during any period of precipitation, or generally at
ambient temperatures outside the range of 5C to 35C, or during periods of high
relative humidity or wind speed. If the installer wishes to conduct seaming
operations outside the specified temperature range trial seams (as detailed in
Section C4.7 below) shall be carried out every two hours whilst outside the range to
confirm that satisfactory seaming is being achieved.
Prior to forming an extrusion seam, adjacent panels shall be temporarily secured by
heat bonding and the panel joint roughened by grinding to provide a key and to
remove surface oxidation.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 14
February 2004
Tender Documents
Grinding shall not remove more than 10% of the nominal sheet thickness, shall not
extend beyond the completed extrusion seam and shall not be carried out more
than 30 minutes prior to welding. The extrusion seaming equipment shall pre-heat
the sheet material by hot air at controlled temperature during the seaming process.
The extrudate material used for extrusion welding shall be identical in composition
to that of the Geomembrane sheet.
The procedure used to temporarily bond adjacent panels, together with any preheating during seaming, shall not cause any damage or overheating to the
Geomembrane. Temporary bonding using adhesives shall not be permitted.
C4.7 Trial Seams
Prior to seaming of the Geomembrane each day, trial seams shall be carried out to
confirm the set up of the seaming equipment for the ambient conditions and that the
equipment is working satisfactorily. Trial seams shall be produced under the same
conditions as the installation seams and shall be performed with the Geomembrane
in contact with the same subgrade type.
A trial seam of minimum length 3m shall be carried out for each piece of seaming
equipment proposed for use at the beginning of each seaming period and following
a prolonged period of shut down. All trial seams shall be carried out in the presence
of the CQA Engineer.
From each trial seam, ten tab samples of length 200mm by 25mm shall be
extracted at random from the length of the seam. The tabs shall be examined by the
CQA Engineer to confirm that the seam exhibits a homogenous fusing of the two
sheets with no definable boundary or layer. The tabs shall be tested by the installer
in the presence of the CQA Engineer, five for peel failure and five for shear failure.
The mode of failure shall be yield of the sheet material outside the seam. No
samples shall fail in the seam.
If the field testing of the trial seams proves unsatisfactory further trial seams shall
be performed and the procedure repeated until the CQA Engineer is satisfied with
the set up of the particular item of seaming equipment. The CQA Engineer shall not
allow seaming of the Geomembrane to commence until successful trial seams are
achieved.
Under no circumstances shall the cutting of test specimens, Geomembrane material
or any other materials be permitted above installed Geomembrane.
C4.8 Non-Destructive Seam Testing
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 15
February 2004
Tender Documents
The CQA Engineer shall verify that each seam undergoes non-destructive testing in
accordance with the following procedures and shall record the results of the testing.
C4.8.1Air Pressure Testing
All twin track fusion seams shall be pneumatically tested. The air channel formed
between the twin tracks shall be sealed at its ends and inflated to a minimum
pressure of 200kPa. Following removal of the pressure source the pressure shall be
allowed to equalise for 1 minute. Thereafter the pressure shall not decrease by
more than 20kPa over a 5-minute period.
To confirm that the full length of seam is pressurised the test shall be carried out
such that either:
i)
The pressure source and gauge are applied to opposite ends of the seam
and, on completion of the test, the pressure drop is observed on the gauge
following removal of the pressure source; or
ii)
If pressure source and gauge are applied to the same end of the seam, on
completion of the test, the channel is deflated from the opposite end of the
seam and the pressure drop observed on the gauge.
If a seam fails air pressure testing or indicates a channel blockage, the test length
shall be incrementally reduced until the failure area has been clearly identified. In
the case of identifiable points of failure, the seam shall be repaired in accordance
with Section C4.10 below. If specific points of failure cannot be identified or if the
CQA Engineer is not satisfied with the integrity of the seam, the seam shall be
repaired in accordance with paragraph i) in Section C4.9 below by replacement or
capping.
C4.8.2Spark Testing
All extrusion seams shall be tested over their entire length using a high frequency
continuous coil spark tester. The equipment shall be adjustable in voltage between
15kV and 30 kV and shall generally be operated at a voltage of 10kV per mm of
membrane thickness. The spark tester shall be passed slowly in close proximity to
the weld to test all points on the weld. Any anomalies in the seam will be identified
by the presence of a spark. The location of any sparks shall be marked and the
seam repaired in accordance with Section C4.10 below and re-tested to the
satisfaction of the CQA Engineer.
The installer may employ vacuum box testing in place of spark testing and the
CQA Engineer may request vacuum box testing of any seams at his discretion.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 16
February 2004
Tender Documents
C4.8.3Vacuum Box Testing

Vacuum box testing shall employ purpose made equipment, which produces a
vacuum over the tested area. A detergent/water solution shall be applied to the full
test area prior to application of the test equipment, which will display any leaks by
bubbling of the solution. The CQA Engineer shall confirm that no leaks are present
under application of the vacuum.
The installer shall maintain full records of all non-destructive testing which shall be
provided to the CQA Engineer on a regular basis.
If the seam fails vacuum box testing, repairs shall be undertaken in accordance with
Section C4.10 below.
C4.9 Destructive Seam Testing
Destructive seam testing shall be carried out on samples taken from locations
selected by the CQA Engineer as the seaming work progresses. The samples shall
be taken at a minimum frequency of one per 200m length of seam. However, the
CQA Engineer may increase this frequency if test results indicate problems or poor
workmanship.
The samples shall be a minimum of 0.3m wide by 1.0m long with the seam centred
lengthways. One 25mm wide strip shall be cut from each end of the sample and
shall be tested in the field for peel adhesion failure. The specimens shall not fail in
the seam. If the field tests are acceptable the remainder of the sample shall be
bisected, one for the installer for archive storage and one for the CQA Engineer for
laboratory testing. The sample shall be tested for shear and peel failure on a
minimum of five specimens per test. Not more than one of the specimens from each
test shall fail to meet the strength requirements detailed in Table D below or shall
fail in the seam. An individual low value shall not be lower than 80% of the specified
value. The CQA Engineer shall review the testing results at the earliest opportunity
to assess compliance.
Table D: Geomembrane Seam Testing Requirements
PROPERTY
TEST METHOD
MINIMUM VALUE
(N/cm)
Peel Strength
Shear Strength
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Fusion
180
ASTM D4437
Extrusion
180
(Modified NSF 54)
Fusion
280
Appendix C - 17
February 2004
Extrusion
Tender Documents
280
The installer shall undertake field destructive testing of all fusion seaming. On
completion of each fusion seam, a tab sample shall be taken from each end of the
seam and tested for peel adhesion failure. The samples shall be tested in the
presence of the CQA Engineer and shall not fail in the seam.
The installer shall maintain full records of all destructive testing which shall be
provided to the CQA Engineer on a regular basis.
In the event of a failed destructive test the installer will have the following options:
i)
Replace or cap the entire seam i.e. remove the seam and re-seam or
extrusion weld a strip of additional Geomembrane over the seam.
ii)
Extract further samples for destructive testing from the proximity of the failed
location, a minimum of 3m from the location of the failed test in both
directions (if applicable). If these samples pass destructive testing, the seam
shall be reconstructed between these locations by capping as detailed in
Paragraph i) above.
Regardless of the installers preferred action, the CQA Engineer shall extract an
additional test sample, remote from the identified failure but from a seam produced
on the same day by the same item of seaming equipment, to confirm that the failure
was an isolated occurrence. If this sample fails destructive testing, all seams
produced that day by the particular item of equipment will be condemned and the
installer shall follow the procedures detailed in with paragraph i) above for all seams
in question.
Any locations of Geomembrane damage, determined by inspection or testing,
including seam failures, locations of destructive sampling and discontinuous
intersections of seams, shall be repaired by patching and/or extrusion welding to
the satisfaction of the CQA Engineer, as follows:
i)
In the case of small faults (to include significant scratching and crimping), the
location shall be repaired by extrusion welding, as determined by the CQA
Engineer.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 18
ii)
February 2004
Tender Documents
Large faults shall be repaired by patching with appropriately shaped pieces

of the same Geomembrane material, to give a minimum 150mm overlap with
undamaged material, which shall then be seamed by extrusion welding.
The size and shape of patches shall be such that re-heating of previously welded
material is minimised.
All repairs shall be subject to non-destructive testing and, if deemed necessary by
the CQA Engineer, destructive testing. The installer shall provide to the CQA
Engineer full written records of all repairs and re-testing undertaken.
The installed Geomembrane shall be subject to the inspection and approval of the
CQA Engineer prior to the placement of the protective geotextile at any location.
Approval shall be made on the basis of the following:
i)
Visual inspection to confirm that all stones, extrusion weld materials or any
other potentially deleterious materials have been removed from the surface
of the Geomembrane; that there are no visible surface defects such as
excessive scratching and no folds or excessive undulations; and that the
appropriate overlap between adjacent panels has been achieved;
ii)
All necessary repairs have been made and their locations recorded;
iii)
All tests to seams, patches and repairs have been completed and recorded
and the results of respective laboratory destructive seam testing have been
received by the CQA Engineer;
iv)
Areas for approval have been clearly defined by suitable means.
Confirmation of approval will be recorded on the appropriate CQA record sheet by

the CQA Engineer. Approved areas not covered in a timely manner will be subject to
re-cleaning and re-inspection.
C5
PROTECTIVE GEOTEXTILE
C5.1 Documentation
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 19
February 2004
Tender Documents
The Contractor shall supply to the CQA Engineer a copy of the manufacturers
quality control documentation covering the delivered material. The CQA Engineer
shall review this data to verify that it meets the requirements of the specification. In
the event of non-compliance the roll shall be clearly marked and set aside for
removal from the site.
C5.2 Delivery and Storage
The geotextile material shall be delivered, stored and handled strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. The material shall be supplied in suitable
packaging to protect the rolls from degradation by ultra violet light and shall be
maintained in the packaging until required for use in the Works.
On delivery to site, the rolls will be off-loaded to storage using suitable plant. The
storage area shall be firm, clean and rolled flat to avoid damage to the geotextile.
The rolls shall be stored no more than five high.
The CQA Engineer shall examine all rolls for damage in transportation and shall
record the details of any damage together with the relevant manufacturers
reference numbers for each roll. Damaged rolls shall be set aside until the extent of
damage and rejection of material can be determined.
The handling equipment employed shall ensure no damage to the material.
Adequate measures shall be provided for protecting the materials at all stages of
the work from all sources of potential damage or contamination until completion of
the works.
Samples shall be taken from selected rolls of geotextile, as determined by the CQA
Engineer, at a minimum frequency of one sample per 10,000m 2 and submitted for
the conformance testing detailed in the Particular Technical Specification. Any nonconforming material will be rejected and the two rolls with adjacent sequential
numbers shall be conformance tested. Any additional testing required as a result of
non-conforming material shall be carried out at the expense of the geotextile
supplier.
In addition to the above conformance procedure, if any material appears to be
visually defective upon installation it shall be removed to the extent determined by
the CQA Engineer who may request additional conformance testing. This additional
testing shall be carried out at the expense of the geotextile supplier.
C5.4 Installation
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 20
February 2004
Tender Documents
The protective geotextile shall be laid in individual panels with a minimum overlap of
300mm to adjacent panels. The panel overlap shall be secured by heat bonding
using specialised hot air apparatus. The heat bonding shall be carried out carefully
under the supervision of the CQA Engineer ensuring no overheating or damage to
the geotextile.
Geotextile placement shall not take place during periods of excessive winds.
Following installation the geotextile shall be weighted as necessary using sandbags
or other suitable means to prevent wind disturbance prior to placement of the
leachate drainage layer.
The CQA Engineer shall inspect the geotextile during placement and shall reject
any damaged or defective material.
No equipment or tools may be used which could damage the geotextile by handling,
trafficking or by other means. Personnel working on the geotextile shall wear
suitable footwear and shall not smoke or otherwise engage in any activity that could
damage the geotextile. Except in emergencies to ensure the safety of the Works or
of site operatives, plant will not be permitted to track directly over the geotextile.
Any areas of damage shall be repaired by the placement of a suitably sized patch of
the same geotextile material ensuring a minimum overlap of 500mm in all directions
from the damaged area. The patch shall be securely heat bonded in place.
C6
LEACHATE DRAINAGE LAYER

Following approval of the proposed source of gravel, representative samples of the
delivered material shall be taken under the supervision of the CQA Engineer at a
minimum frequency of one per 500m 3 and submitted for laboratory conformance
testing in accordance with the Particular Technical Specification. Any nonconforming material will be rejected.
Any material deemed non-compliant on placement shall be removed to the extent
determined by the CQA Engineer.
C6.2 Layer Placement
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 21
February 2004
Tender Documents
Placement of the drainage layer shall be carried out in a manner, which causes no
damage or displacement to the underlying protective geotextile or Geomembrane
and minimises trafficking and handling of the drainage media. Prior to any
placement the proposed method statement for the operation shall be submitted to
the CQA Engineer for approval.
Plant used to place the protection layer shall under no circumstance be driven
directly on the separation geotextile. A minimum thickness of 1m of material shall be
maintained beneath all plant.
Placement methods shall ensure that no lateral stresses are induced in the
separation geotextile. In general the methods employed shall comprise the
following:
i)
Tipping of fresh material on previously placed material.
ii)
Casting material by 360 excavator (using a bucket without teeth).
iii)
Pushing of material up and over the face of the tipped load allowing it to fall
vertically onto the geotextile.
iv)
Pre-loading of the geotextile with discrete mounds of material, to prevent the

generation and accumulation of undulations, and in-filling between mounds.
Any damage that may occur to the underlying geotextile shall be reported to the
CQA Engineer who will determine the extent of remedial work.
The thickness of the drainage layer shall be monitored by the CQA Engineer and
shall be proven by co-ordinated level survey in accordance with the specified
survey requirements.
ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2
Appendix C - 22

Construction Of: Composting Plant, New Landfill Feteni and Shut Down Râureni Landfill. Section 2 - Feteni Landfill

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CENTRAL FINANCE AND CONTRACTS UNIT

MINISTRY OF FINANCE ROMANIA

PHONE 4021 301 93 01; FAX 4021 210 64 56

PARTICULAR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

CENTRAL FINANCE AND CONTRACTS UNIT

MINISTRY OF FINANCE ROMANIA

PHONE 4021 301 93 01; FAX 4021 210 64 56

New Landfill Feteni

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

Particular Technical Specifications

3. LANDFILL CONAINMENT AREA...................................................................................10

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

3.6.3. Collection Chambers...........................................................................................................................................23

4 LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT..................................................................................26

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

4.13 MACHINERY IN GENERAL.................................................................................................................................52

5 LANDFILL GAS EXTRACTION SYSTEM.......................................................................59

6 SURFACE WATER CONTROL MEASURES...................................................................62

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

Clearance of trees and bushes from construction areas,

Transportation and stockpiling of the excavated materials at a designated location,

Installation of an under-drainage system to de-water the existing slope,

Construction of a retaining toe bund using imported rock fill,

Installation of leachate control systems to Cells 1 and 2, comprising collection

Installation of leachate collection pipework to Cells 3 to 6,

Installation of a leachate treatment plant,

Installation of the infrastructure for a landfill gas extraction system,

Installation of collection ditches to control surface water runoff,

Installation of two environmental monitoring wells outside the landfill area,

Upgrading of the existing access road to the site,

Construction of a service road to the landfill area,

Installation of a site office, garage, storage area, weighbridge and wheelwash

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

Provision of a water supply for general operations and fire contingency by

Installation of an electricity supply to service all infrastructure,

Installation of lighting to the site entrance and landfill service road,

Installation of security fencing to the upper boundary of the site.

The location of the site is shown on Drawing 9643-Ft-100.

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

Topsoil (0.1 - 0.2m thick)

Interspersed layers of silts, sands and clays (total thickness 3 - 8m)

Weathered marl (0 - 2.5m thick)

Strong grey marl (at 5 - 9m depth)

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

3. LANDFILL CONAINMENT AREA

3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

3.2.1 Construction Method Statement

3.2.2 Level Surveys

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

3.3.2 Site Clearance

3.3.3 Excavation to Landfill Profile

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

3.3.6 Construction of Toe Bund

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

Pipe junctions shall use only purpose-made factory-manufactured branch connections to

ISPA 2001 RO 16 P PE 014.2

Table 3.4: Filter Geotextile Specification