SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY- RAJKOT

(Faculty of Science)

COURSE STRUCTURE
&
SYLLABUS
FOR
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME
IN

MICROBIOLOGY
(CORE COURSE FOR SEMESTER III & IV)
As per Choice Based Credit system as recommended by UGC)

Effective from June - 2011

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Preface
It was very correct and contemporary decision on the part of Saurashtra University to
introduce Microbiology at the level of first semester in the under graduate degree course.
The Microbiology syllabus of semester I and II was an effort to introduce students to the
fundamentals of the subject. The students were exposed to the basic concepts and facts
about the subject and were prepared to further explore the subject in forth coming
semesters.
The present syllabus is formulated to make students aware of some advanced concepts
and techniques of Microbiology. The base which they have founded in semester I & II
will help them in better understanding and grasping of knowledge. This is an effort to
make student well verse with the diverse nature of microorganisms and the techniques
to study various aspects of their functions and physiology.

The curriculum will mould and nurture a budding microbiologist by providing insight in
to the diverse world of microorganisms and their many fold manifestations.

(Dr. Neepa Pandhi)

Chairman, Board of Studies, Microbiology
Saurashtra University, Rajkot (Gujarat)
Date: 21-04-2010

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

SKELETON OF COMPLETE COURSE CONTENT OF

UNDER GRADUATE MICROBI OLOGY (SEMESTER I TO VI)
SEMESTER

II

III

IV

VI

PAPER
NO. &
CODE
MB-101
(Theory)
MB-101
(Practical)
MB-201
(Theory)
MB-201
(Practical)
MB-301
(Theory)
MB-301
(Practical)
MB-401
(Theory)
MB-401
(Practical)
MB-501
(Theory)
MB-501
(Practical)
MB-502
(Theory)
MB-502
(Practical)
MB-503
(Theory)
MB-503
(Practical)
MB-601
(Theory)
MB-601
(Practical)
MB-602
(Theory)
MB-602
(Practical)

MB-603

TITLE OF THE PAPER

CREDIT

Fundamentals of Microbiology

-do-

Microbial Chemistry and Physiology

-do-

Microbial Diversity

-do-

Analytical Techniques & Bioinformatics

-do-

Applied Microbiology

-do-

Prokaryotic Metabolism

-do-

Bioprocess and Bioengineering

-do-

Immunology and Medical Microbiology

-do-

Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering

-do-

Research and Field Training

(Students will be given research projects/ problem/will have
to go to research institute/other departments to carry out
assigned work and will be evaluated on the basis of report
of the immediate guide/referee and the work presented in
the form of seminar and thesis

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

COURSE STRUCTURE FOR UG PROGRAMME

MICROBIOLOGY- 301
SEMESTER- III
Semester

Course

Title

Hours/week Credit

III

MB-301
(Theory)

Microbial
Diversity

III

MB-301
(Practical)

Microbial
Diversity

TOTAL CREDITS

Exam
hours

Internal
marks

External
Marks

Total
Marks

25

50

75

NIL

25

25

TOTAL MARKS

100

General Instructions
1)

The Medium of Instruction will be English for Theory and practical course

2)

There will be 6 Lectures / Week / Theory Paper / Semester.

3)

Each Lecture (Period) will be of 55 Mins. (1 Period = 55 Mins).

4)

There will be 2 Practical / Week / Paper / Batch. Each Practical will be of 3 Periods (1
Period 55 Mins.).

5)

Each Semester Theory Paper will be of FIVE Units. There will be 60 Hrs. of Theory
teaching / Paper / Semester.

6)

Each Theory Paper / Semester will be of 75 Marks. There will be 25 marks for internal
evaluation and 50 marks for external evaluation. Each Practical Paper / Semester will be of
25 Marks. So, Total Marks of Theory and Practical for each Paper will be 100. (75 + 25 =
100)

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Skeleton of Theory Examination Paper ( External)

(SEMESTER III)
SECTION - I

Marks 1x15 = 15

Ques. 1 Attempt any 15 questions from 17 questions given below:

(The questions will be of objective type each carrying one mark. All the units will be covered in this
section.)
SECTION - II
Ques.1

Ques.2

Ques.3

Ques.4

Ques.5

Marks 7x5 / 3.5x10 = 35

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -1

7 Marks

Un i t - 1

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -2

7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -3

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -4

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -5

Unit -2

Unit -3

Unit -4

Unit -5

7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks
7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks
7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks
7 / 3.5
Marks

General Instructions:
1) Time duration of each Theory Paper will be of Three (3) Hrs.
2) Total Marks of each Theory Paper will be 50 Marks.
3) There will be TWO Sections in Question Paper. Section One will be of Objective type
Questions while Section Two will be Descriptive. There will be FIVE Questions in this
section. Section one will have general option while Section Two will have internal option.

4) Section One will be of 15 Marks and Section TWO of 35 marks.

5) Both the Sections are compulsory and all questions in Section Two are compulsory.
6) Both the sections are to be written in the same answer sheet.

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Skeleton of Practical Examination

(SEMESTER III)
SECTION- I: EXAMINER I
(EXTERNAL)
Ex.
No.
1
5
6

Detail of Exercise

Marks Day to begin the

exercise

Perform any one from the given list of exercises as per

the instruction of the examiner exercise
Viva-voce
Certified Journal

07

1st Day

02
03

1st / 2nd Day

1st / 2nd Day

Total Marks

12

SECTION- II: EXAMINER II

(INTERNAL)
Ex.
No.
2
3
4

Detail of Exercise

Marks Day to begin the

exercise

Perform any one from the given list of exercises as per

the instruction of the examiner exercise
Spotting
Viva-voce

07

1st / 2nd Day

04
02

1st / 2nd Day

1st / 2nd Day

Total Marks

13

Instructions to the Candidates:

1. The practical examination will be conducted for TWO (2) days.
2. The Time duration of practical examination will be from 10.00am onwards on both the
days.
3. All the students have to remain present at the examination centre 15 minutes before the
scheduled time for examination.
4. Students have to carry with them Certified journal, I-card or examination receipt, Slide
box, Apron and all other necessary requirements for examination.
5. Candidate should not leave the laboratory without the permission of examiner.
6. Use of calculator is allowed but the use of Mobile phones is strictly prohibited.
7. The candidate has to leave the laboratory only after the submission of all the answer
sheets of the exercises performed.

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Saurashtra University, Rajkot

Syllabus for Microbiology Semester - III
(With effect from June 2011)

MB-301- MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

(THEORY)
U N I T 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N TO MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
Teaching Hrs. 12
Total Credit 0.8
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Introduction to Biodiversity- Microbial evolution and diversity

Microbial Taxonomy: Introduction and overview
Classification systems - Taxonomic ranks of microorganisms
Major characteristics used in taxonomy
Ph yl o g en y- Su rv e y o f Pro k ar yo t i c P h yl o g en y an d Ph yl o g en et i c
Gro u p s o f Eu k ar yo t es

UNI T 2 PROKARY OTIC DI VERSITY

2.1
2.2

Teaching Hrs. - 12
Total Credit 0.8

Introduction to Archaea and Eubacteria

Gram negative bacteria General features of:
Ae r o b i c / M i c r o a e r o p h i li c mo t i l e , h e l i c a l v i b r o i d
No n - mo t i l e c u r v e d b a c t e r i a
Aerobic/Microaerophilic rods and cocci
Facultative anaerobes rods, curved and helical bacteria
Di s s i mi l a t o r y S u l f a t e r e d u c e r s
Anaerobic cocci
Phototrophic bacteria

2.3

Gram positive bacteria General features of:

En d o s p o r e f o r mi n g r o d s a n d c o c c i
Asporogenous rods
M yco b act eri a an d Act i n o myc et es

UNI T 3 DI VERSITY OF SOME UNUSUAL PROKARY OTES

Teaching Hrs. - 12
Total Credit 0.8
3.1

Ge n e r a l F e a t u r e s o f B a c t e r i a wi t h u n u s u a l mo r p h o l o gy:
Rickettsia and Chlamydia
Budding and appendaged bacteria

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

3.2

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

Sheathed Bacteria
B a c t e r i a wi t h g l i d i n g mo t i l i t y
M yc o p l a s ma
Ge n e r a l F e a t u r e s o f B a c t e r i a o f e x t r e me e n v i r o n me n t s :
Th e r mo p h i l e s
Halophiles
Acidophiles
Barophiles
Methanogens

UNI T 4 EUKARY OTIC DI VERSITY

A:
4.1
4.2
4.3
B:
4.4
4.5
C:
4.6
4.7

5.2
5.3

5.4
5.5

Teaching Hrs 12
Total Credit 0.8

FUNGI:
General characteristics Definition, occurrence, Structure ,
Reproduction
Classification and introduction to major divisions of Fungi
Ec o n o mi c i mp o r t a n c e o f f u n g i
ALGAE:
General Characteristics Definition, Occurrence, UltraStructure, Reproduction
Ec o n o mi c i mp o r t a n c e o f Al g a e
PROTOZOA:
General Characteristics Definition, Occurrence, UltraStructure, Reproduction
Ec o n o mi c i mp o r t a n c e o f P r o t o z o a

UNI T 5 AK AR Y OTI C DI VERSI TY - ( VI R USE S)

5.1

W.e.f June-2011

Teaching Hrs 12
Total Credit
0.8

Introduction and General Characteristics:

Definition, Structure, Classification
Cultivation and Enumeration of Viruses
Bacterial Viruses:
Cl as s i fi cat i on , L yt i c l i fe c ycl e ( T4 p h ag e), l ys o g en i c l i fe
c ycl e ( La mb d a an d Mu p h ag e), R N A Ph ag e ( MS1 3 )
An i ma l Vi r u s e s :
Cl as s i fi cat i on , Re p l i cat i on , C yt o ci d al effect s , Vi ru s es an d
Cancer, Viroids
Plant Viruses:
Classification, Structure & Replication of TMV, Economic
i mp o r t a n c e , P r i o n s

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

References Books:
1. Prescott, Healey and Klein., Microbiology-5th International Edition, TataMcGraw Hill publications, Delhi
2. Atlas. R.M., Principles of Microbiology- 2nd Edition ,
3. Modi, H.A. Elementary Microbiology - Vol -I, Akta Prakashan, Nadiyad.
4. Modi, H.A. Elementary Microbiology Vol-II, Akta Prakashan, Nadiyad.
5. Dubey, R.C.and Maheshwari, D.K., A Text Book of Microbiology, S. Chand
Publications , New Delhi.
6. Tortora, Funke & Case. Microbiology-An Introduction, 8 Edition, Pearson
Education, Delhi.
7. Powar and Daginawala, General Microbiology Vol-II. Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
8. Stainer, R.Y., Iingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L., Painter, R.K. General
Microbiology, 5th Edition. MacMillan Press Ltd., London.
9. Pelczar, M.J., Chan E.C.S., Krieg, N.R., Microbiology, 5 Edition. Tata McGraw
Hill Publication Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
10. Salle, S.J. Fundamental Principals of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw Hill
Publication Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
11. Frobisher

M.,

Hinsdill,

Crabtree

and

Goodherat,

Fundamentals

Microbiology, 9th Edition. W.B Saunders Co. USA .

12.Purohit, S.S., Microbiology-Fundamentals and Applications-6th Edition,
Agrobios Publications, Delhi.
13.Mani, A., Selwaraj, A.M., Narayanan L.M., and Arumngam, N., Microbiology,
Saras Publication, Delhi
14.Harmeet Kaur, Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Anmol Publication, Delhi

of

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f 2011

MB-301- MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

(PRACTICAL)
Practical Hours 3hrs/day for 2 days/Week
= Total 6 hours/Week

T o t a l Credit 3

1. Isolation of Gram negative bacteria from the given sample.

2. Identification of Gram negative bacteria from the given pure culture
u s i n g bi o c h e mi c a l me d i a ( E .c o l i , En t r o b a c t e r a e ro g e n s , Pr o t e u s ,
Salmonella)
3. Isolation of Gram positive bacteria from the given sample.
4. Identification of Gram positive bacteria from the given pure culture
u s i n g b i o ch e mi c a l me d i a ( Ba c i l l u s me g a t e r i u m, B a c i l l us s u bt i l is ,
staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus)
5. Identification of Fungi on the basis of Morphological Characteristics.
6. Cultivation

of

yeast

from

different

natural

samples

and

its

mo r p h o l o g i c a l c h ar a c t e r i z a t i o n u s i ng mi c r o s c o p i c o b s er v a t i o n .
7 . M i c r o s c o p i c o bs e r v a t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t a l g a e f r o m t h e g i v e n s a mp l e s .
8 . M i c r o s c o p i c o bs e r v a t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t p r o t o z o a f r o m t h e g i v e n s a mp l e .
9. Isolation and cultivation of bacteriophage of E.coli from the given
s e wa g e s a mp l e .
10. Isolation and Microscopic observation of Actinomycetes fro m the
g i v e n s a mp l e . ( D e mo n s t r a t i o n )
11. Isolation and Microscopic observation of Halophiles from the given
s a mp l e . .( De mo n s t r a t i o n )
1 2 . I s o l a t i on a n d M ic r o s c o p i c o b s e r va t i o n o f Th e r mo p h i l e s f r o m t h e
g i v e n s a mp l e . . ( D e mo n s t r a t i o n )

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f 2011

References Books:
1.

Patel. R.J., Patel. K.R., Experimental Microbiology, Vol-I, Aditya

Publications,
Ahmedabad, India.

2.

Patel. R.J., Patel. K.R., Experimental Microbiology, Vol-II, Aditya

Publications, Ahmedabad, India.

3.

Dubey. R.C., Maheshwari. D.K., Practical Microbiology, S.Chand &

Company Ltd., New Delhi.

4.

Konika Sharma, Manual of Microbiology Tools and Techniques , Ane

books, Delhi

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f 2011

COURSE STRUCTURE FOR UG PROGRAMME

MICROBIOLOGY- 401
SEMESTER- IV
Semester

Course

Title

IV

MB-401
(Theory)

Analytical
Techniques &
Bioinformatics

IV

Hours/week Credit Exam Internal External Total

hours marks
Marks Marks

Analytical
MB-401
Techniques &
(Practical) Bioinformatics

TOTAL CREDITS

25

50

75

NIL

25

25

TOTAL MARKS

100

General Instructions
1)

The Medium of Instruction will be English for Theory and practical course

2)

There will be 6 Lectures / Week / Theory Paper / Semester.

3)

Each Lecture (Period) will be of 55 Mins. (1 Period = 55 Mins).

4)

There will be 2 Practical / Week / Paper / Batch. Each Practical will be of 3 Periods (1 Period
55 Mins.).

5)

Each Semester Theory Paper will be of FIVE Units. There will be 60 Hrs. of Theory teaching
/ Paper / Semester.

6)

Each Theory Paper / Semester will be of 75 Marks. There will be 25 marks for internal
evaluation and 50 marks for external evaluation. Each Practical Paper / Semester will be of
25 Marks. So, Total Marks of Theory and Practical for each Paper will be 100. (75 + 25 =
100)

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Skeleton of Theory Examination Paper ( External)

(SEMESTER IV)
SECTION - I

Marks 1x15 = 15

Ques. 1 Attempt any 15 questions from 17 questions given below:

(The questions will be of objective type each carrying one mark. All the units will be covered in this
section.)
SECTION - II
Ques.1

Ques.2

Ques.3

Ques.4

Ques.5

Marks 7x5 / 3.5x10 = 35

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -1

7 Marks

Un i t - 1

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -2

7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -3

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -4

Long Question
OR
Long Question / Short Questions -

Unit -5

Unit -2

Unit -3

Unit -4

Unit -5

7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks
7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks
7 / 3.5
Marks
7 Marks
7 / 3.5
Marks

General Instructions:
1)

Time duration of each Theory Paper will be of Three (3) Hrs.

2)

Total Marks of each Theory Paper will be 50 Marks.

3)

There will be TWO Sections in Question Paper. Section One will be of Objective type
Questions while Section Two will be Descriptive. There will be FIVE Questions in this
section. Section one will have general option while Section Two will have internal option.

4)

Section One will be of 15 Marks and Section TWO of 35 marks.

5)

Both the Sections are compulsory and all questions in Section Two are compulsory.

6)

Both the sections are to be written in the same answer sheet.

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Skeleton of Practical Examination

(SEMESTER IV)
SECTION- I: EXAMINER I
(EXTERNAL)
Ex .
No.
1
5
6

Detail of Exercise

Marks Day to begin the

exercise

Perform any one from the given list of exercises as per

the instruction of the examiner exercise
Viva-voce
Certified Journal

07

1st Day

02
03

1st / 2nd Day

1st / 2nd Day

Total Marks

12

SECTION- II: EXAMINER II

(INTERNAL)
Ex .
No.
2
3
4

Detail of Exercise

Marks Day to begin the

exercise

Perform any one from the given list of exercises as per

the instruction of the examiner exercise
Spotting
Viva-voce

07

1st / 2nd Day

04
02

1st / 2nd Day

1st / 2nd Day

Total Marks

13

Instructions to the Candidates:

1) The practical examination will be conducted for TWO (2) days.
2) The Time duration of practical examination will be from 10.00am onwards on both the
days.
3) All the students have to remain present at the examination centre 15 minutes before the
scheduled time for examination.
4) Students have to carry with them Certified journal, I-card or examination receipt, Slide
box, Apron and all other necessary requirements for examination.
5) Candidate should not leave the laboratory without the permission of examiner.
6) Use of calculator is allowed but the use of Mobile phones is strictly prohibited.
7) The candidate has to leave the laboratory only after the submission of all the answer
sheets of the exercises performed.

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f June-2011

Saurashtra University, Rajkot

Syllabus for Microbiology Semester - IV
(With effect from June 2011)
M B - 4 0 1 - ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND BIOINFORMATICS

(THEORY)
U N I T 1 BASIC ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOSCIENCES
Teaching Hrs. 12
Total Credit 0.8
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Concept of Good Laboratory Practice and Quality Management.

Colorimetry and Spectrophotomerty
Introduction to IR and NMR and their applications
Applications of Radioisotopes in biosciences
Atomic spectroscopy: Principles and application of Atomic
Absorption/Emission Spectrometer

U N I T 2 PHYSICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

Teaching Hrs. - 12
Total Credit 0.8

A:

CHROMATOGRAPHY

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Chromatography : Theories and Principles

Paper and Thin layer Chromatography
Affinity and Ion Exchange Chromatography
Partition and Size Exclusion Chromatography
Gas Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

B:

ELECTROPHORESIS

2.6
2.7
2.8

Electrophoresis : Theories and Principles

Paper Electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis : PAGE and AGE and PFGE, Capillary
Electrophoresis

U N I T 3 MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND BIOSENSOR

TECHNOLOGY
Teaching Hrs. - 12
Total Credit 0.8
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

DNA sequencing: Principles and Methods, Automated DNA sequence

Analyzer
Blotting techniques and FISH
RFLP, RAPD, VNTR, STR and SNP analysis
Chemical synthesis of DNA

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

3.5
3.6

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

PCR Technology: Principle, Methods and Applications

Introduction to Biosensor Technology

U N I T 4 COMPUTER SCIENCE
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6

5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6

Teaching Hrs 12
Total Credit 0.8

Structure of computer: Components, peripherals, uses and types

The window screen and parts of window, the control panel
MS Office: MS word, MS power point, MS Excel
Internet: History, Basic Concepts, Connection Types, Applications, Search
Engines and E mail
Basics of HTML, page creation and design using HTML
Multimedia Usage

U N I T 5 BIOINFORMATICS
5.1
5.2

W.e.f June-2011

Teaching Hrs 12
Total Credit
0.8

Introduction and importance of Bioinformatics

Database and DBMS : Introduction, File formats, Primary and Secondary
Biological databases, Structure databases, Miscellaneous databases.
Information retrial from Biological database : ENTREZ, SRS and DBGET
Sequence Alignment : BLAST and FASTA
Introduction to OMICS technology
Introduction to Drug discovery and Chemiinformatics

References Books:
1. Purohit, S.S., Microbiology-Fundamentals and Applications-6th Edition,
Agrobios Publications, Delhi.
2. Wilson and Walker, Practical Biochemistry Principle and Technique
3. Shrivastava , Bioanalytical Techniques , Narsa Publication
4. Attwood & Parry. D.J., Introduction to Bioinformatics
5. Westhead, Parish and Twyman, Instant notes in Bioinformatics
6. Andreas. D., & Baxevanis, Bioinformatics

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY RAJKOT

MICROBIOLOGY SEMESTER III & IV SYLLABUS

W.e.f 2011

M B - 4 0 1 - ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND BIOINFORMATICS

(PRACTICAL)
Practical Hours 3hrs/day for 2 days/Week
= Total 6 hours/Week

T o t a l Credit 3

1 . Es t i ma t i o n o f P r o t e i n b y B r a d f o r d m e t h o d
2 . C i r c u l a r p a p e r C h r o ma t o g r a p h y o f A mi n o a c i d s
3 . As c e n d i n g p a p e r c h r o ma t o g r a p h y o f s u g a r s
4. Thin Layer Chro matography of Ami no acids
5. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of DNA
6. SDS PAGE of Protein
7. Review of NCBI Portal
8. Review of Biological Data Base
9 . De mo n s t r a t i o n o n B LA S T a n a l ys i s
1 0 . C o mp a r i s o n o f En t r e z , S R S , a n d D D GE T r e t r i e v a l
11. Basic use of Computer Use of Excel, Power point and Internet

References Books:
1.

J.Jayaraman., Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry

2.

S.K.Sawhney and Randhir Singh., Introductory Practical Biochemistry

3.

James Cappuccino. Microbiology- A Laboratory Manual

4.

Andreas Baxevanis, Bioinformatics A Practical guide to analysis of genes

and Proteins.

5.

Stephan Misener, Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols