ANAT SPOTS - SEMESTER 1

-rectus sheath and name its layers

-humerus, radial nerve on radial groove and wrist drop
- knee joint and its ligaments, muscles in relation to the knee joint
- shoulder joint, groove for biceps tendon, ligaments
- Anterior compartment of arm muscles
- Anterior compartment and lateral compartment of leg muscles (from the calf
and the foot we have to identify)
- Intrinsic muscles of the hand, flexor retinaculum, tendon sheath
- Carpal tunnel, and location of all structures (nerves, muscle tendons, blood
vessels) related to it
- Medial pterygoid muscle (Masseter was removed) and its innervation
- Deltoid muscle and its action
- External intercostal and internal intercostal muscles (they showed a sternum
with ribs)
- Tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract
- Calcaneal tendon and its muscles
- Femoral triangle borders and structures
- Muscles attached to the mandible, and list those involved in each type of
movement at the temperomandibular joint
- Muscles of mastication, temporalis in detail
- Infrahyoid muscles and their innervation
- Cranial cavity openings and structures going through (They gave internal
acoustic meatus and foramen ovale)
- Masseter, orbicularis oris - action and innervation
- Digastric (both bellies) and innervation
- Omohyoid and innervation
- Quadratus femoris muscle
ANAT SPOTS
1) Heart - Anterior interventricular artery; branch - left coronary; other structure
passing - middle cardiac vein; areas supplied - 2/3 IV septum, left atrium and
ventricle, AVN
2) Erector spinae muscle group and spinal cord (spot was a vertebral column cut
open)
3) Patellar ligament; Quadriceps femoris muscle group (all the muscles)
4) Lateral compartment of the leg; Names of both muscles
5) Fibrous pericardium; Innervation

6) Hypoglossal Nerve (Loop in the upper neck region); Superior thyroid artery
7) Lingual nerve (thick nerve in the middle of 3 in the infratemporal fossa cheek region); Thyrocervical trunk
8) Liver - porta hepatis, ligamentum teres, embryological origin
9) Proximal part of the duodenum, latin name, head of pancreas, latin name
10) Transverse sinus; IVC, level thro diaphragm - T8
11) Optic canal, structures passing through; Internal acoustic meatus, structures
passing through (On the skull)
12) Left Kidney, latin name; left renal vein, latin name; psoas major muscle,
ureter
13) Ovary, Broad ligament; Rectouterine pouch
14) Azygos vein, what does it drain into - SVC
15) Ulnar artery, Deep palmar arch; Median nerve, areas of hand it supplies
16) Lungs - Bronchi, Oblique fissure; Pulmonary Ligaments
17) Stomach - rugae; Pyloric sphincter
18) Sural nerve; Anterior tibial artery (posterior compartment of leg)
19) rectus sheath and name its layers
20) humerus, radial nerve on radial groove and wrist drop
21) knee joint and its ligaments, muscles in relation to the knee joint
22) shoulder joint, groove for biceps tendon, ligaments
23) Anterior compartment of arm muscles
24) Anterior compartment and lateral compartment of leg muscles (from the calf
and the foot we have to identify)
25) Intrinsic muscles of the hand, flexor retinaculum, tendon sheath
26) Carpal tunnel, and location of all structures (nerves, muscle tendons, blood
vessels) related to it
27) Medial pterygoid muscle (Masseter was removed) and its innervation
28) Deltoid muscle and its action
29) External intercostal and internal intercostal muscles (they showed a sternum
with ribs)
30) Tensor fascia latae and iliotibial tract
31) Calcaneal tendon and its muscles
32) Femoral triangle borders and structures
33) Muscles attached to the mandible, and list those involved in each type of
movement at the temperomandibular joint
34) Muscles of mastication, temporalis in detail
35) Infrahyoid muscles and their innervation
26) Cranial cavity openings and structures going through (They gave internal
acoustic meatus and foramen ovale)
37) Masseter, orbicularis oris - action and innervation; Facial Artery
38) Digastric (both bellies) and innervation

39) Omohyoid and innervation

40) Quadratus femoris muscle; Patellar tendon; Names of muscles
41) Greater omentum; Gastrosplenic Ligaments and its contents

ANAT SEQs
LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
1) Transverse section of the rectus sheath layers at level of umbilicus and below
umbilicus (draw and explain)
2) Draw a labelled diagram of the triangles of the neck
3) Describe the alar ligaments
4) List the ligaments of the vertebral column and ribs
5)
1.1. What are the features of a typical synovial joint

1.2. Relate these features to the structures in the hip joint

1.3. List the intracapsular structures in the knee joint and give their functions
1.4.Give the actions and nerve supply of the following muscles
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4.
1.4.5.

Deltoid
Biceps brachii
Rectus femoris
Quadriceps femoris
Sternocleidomastoid

6) In diagram of a transverse section of the neck

2.1.
Label the muscle
groups
2.2.

Label the fascial layers and give their attachments

2.3.

Indicate the location of the roots of the brachial plexus

2.4.
2.5.

What are the features of the vertebrae in the cervical region

Identify the specific vertebra in this diagram and give reasons

7)
3.1
3.1.1
List the movements that occur in the shoulder girdle in full
abduction of the arm

3.1.2.
3.2.

Give the muscles involved

3.2.1

Name the muscles of the rotator cuf

3.2.2.
How do they function
3.3.
3.3.1 . What are the movements that occur at the temporomandibuar
joint
3.3.2 What are the muscles responsible for these movements
8)
4. 1.

What is the carpal tunnel

4.2.

List the structures that pass through it.

4.3.
finger
4.4.

Name the muscles /tendons attached to the phalanges of the middle

4.5.
joint

List in sequence the tendons that lie on the anterior aspect of the ankle

9)
5.1

5.2.

5.3

What are the actions of these muscles

In a drawing of a growing long bone eg : humerus indicate

5.1.1
the epiphysis
5.1.2
the metaphysis
5.1.3
the diaphysis
5.1.3
the epiphyseal plate (growth plate )
What are the types of ossification

Draw or describe an osteone

5.4

Give the functions of bone

5.5

List the three types of levers and give an example from each type.

10) Describe the intervertebral disc

11) Describe: 1) Femoral Triangle 2) Rotator Cuf Muscles 3) Adductor Canal
NERVOUS SYSTEM
1) Describe the corticospinal tract pathway (with diagram)
2) Desccribe the anterior and lateral spinothalamic pathways (with diagrams)
3) Describe the formation, circulation and absorption of CSF
4) Describe the brachial plexus (with diagram)
5) Describe the Circle of Willis and list veins of the brain
6) Describe how the hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland
(hypothalamohypophyseal tract and hypophyseal portal system)
7) List the basal ganglia and their functions

8) Describe the pathway of the femoral nerve and innervations

9) Describe the pathway of the sciatic nerve and its branches and innervations
10) Describe the accomodation and pupillary reflex
11) Describe what is meant by ulnar claw and ulnar paradox
12) Describe the locations and functions of the following areas in the cerebrum:
1) Wernicke's area 2) Broca's area 3) Primary Visual Area 4) Motor area 5)
Somatosensory Area
13)
1.1 Name the nuclear columns in the thoracic spinal cord and give their
functions
1.2 Draw a transverse section of the spinal cord and a spinal nerve
1.3 List the structures in the vertebral canal at the level of the 4 th lumbar vertebra.
14)
2.1 Draw a diagram to show the distribution of grey matter in the mid brain
2.2 Describe the floor of the 4th ventricle (rhomboid fossa)
2.3 Name the fibres contained in the following
2.3.1
Middle cerebellar peduncle
2.3.2
Pyramid
2.3.3
Crura cerebri
2.3.4
Medial lemniscus
15)
3.1. G ive the immediate relations of the thalamus and list the thalamic nuclei
3.2 What neuronal connections are there between the hypothalamus and
hypophysis cerebri
3.3. Name the basal nuclei and give their location
16)
4.1. Describe the internal capsule and give the arrangement of fibres in it
4.2 Draw a diagram/diagrams to show the pathway of pain, temperature , touch
and
proprioception in the nervous system.
4.3.
4.3.1 What are the parts of the ventricular system of the CNS
4.3.2 Describe the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
17)
5.1 On a diagram of the superolateral surface of the brain indicate
5.1.1
the primary motor cortex
5.1.2
Brocas area
5.1.3
Th e area supplied by the middle cerebral artery
5.1.4
The limits of the occipital lobe
5.2.
5.2.1 Name the two main arteries that supply the central nervous system
5.2.2. Describe the circulus arteriosus and its branches
18) Tongue innervations
SPLANCHNOLOGY

1)
1. 1.Name the arteries that supply the stomach and the regions supplied by
these arteries
1.2. Name the adult structures developed from the dorsal mesogastrium
1.3. Name the peritoneal folds in relation to the stomach and give
their attachments
1.4. Describe the extrahepatic biliary system and how the ducts open
1.5. Describe the formation course and termination of the portal vein
2)
2.1. List macroscopic and microscopic the diferences between the small
intestine and large intestine
2.2. Describe the normal position of the appendix and the variations
2.3. List the main stages in the development of the mid gut
2.4. Describe the naked eye appearance of the inner wall of the anal canal
2.5. List the sphincters of the anal canal and give their nerve supply
3) Describe the descent of the testis
4) Describe the layers of the scrotum
5) Describe the contents of the spermatic cord
6) Describe the borders of the inguinal canal; Diferentiate between direct
and indirect inguinal hernia
7) Describe the embryological derivatives of the diaphragm
8) List the structures found between the spleen and ribs
9) Draw a diagram showing relations of the left and right kidneys
10) Describe the attachments and contents of the gastrosplenic and
splenorenal ligaments
11) Explain: 1) Omphalocele 2) Atrial Septal Defect
12) Describe pathway of external carotid artery and list its branches in order
13) List in order the branches of the thoracic and abdominal aorta
14) Describe the pathway of the ureter
15) Describe the venous drainage from the foot to the inferior venacava
16) Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast
17) List the structures at the level of the transpyloric plane
18) Draw a diagram of the roots of the right and left lungs
19) Describe the pathway of semen from origin to termination
20) Describe the superficial and deep palmar arches
21) List contents of the superfical and deep perineal pouches in males and
females