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N.SITHIVINAYAGAM, AP/MECH
II YEAR A BATCH
Machine
Structure
No relative motion exists
1
Relative motion exists between its parts.
between its members.
It transforms available energy into
It does not convert the available
2
useful work.
energy into work.
Members are meant for
Links are meant to transmit motion and
3
carrying loads having straining
forces.
action.
2. State and sketch any two inversions of a double slider mechanism.
(Nov/Dec 2002)
3. How many inversions are possible from a four-bar kinematic chain? Name them
based on their input-output motions.(Apr/May 2003)
Three in versions are possible from a four-bar kinematic chain. They are:
Crank-rocker mechanism or Rotary oscillating converter.
Double crank mechanism or Rotary rotary converter.
Double rocker mechanism or Oscillating oscillating converter.
4. What are the three conditions to obtain a four-bar crank rocker mechanism?
(APR/MAY 2003)
The linkage should be class I four bar linkage. That is, if the sum of the lengths
of the largest and the shortest links is less than the sum of the lengths of the other
two links, the linkage is known as a class I, four bar linkage.
The shortest link should be made a crank (which can revolve) and any of the
adjacent links is fixed.
The link opposite to the crank i.e., rocker should oscillate.
5. State at least one similarity and one difference between a helical pair and a cylindric
pair. (Nov/Dec 2003)
Similarity
Difference :
8. Explain with a neat sketch, the space centrode and body centrode. (Nov/Dec 2004)
The locus of the instantaneous centre in space during a definite motion of the
body is called the space centrode.
The locus of the instantaneous centre relative to the body itself is called the body
centrode.
The space and body centrodes are illustrated in Fig.l.
9. What is a machine? Give two examples. Also differentiate between a machine and a
structure. (April/May 2005)
A machine is a device which receives energy and transforms it into some useful
work.
Where
l
13.Draw a four bar mechanism and show that it has one degree of freedom as per
Kutzbach criterion. (May / June 2006)
The four bar mechanism is shown in Fig.1. it has four links and four binary
joints, ie., l = 4 and j =4.
Kutzbach criterion, n 3 (l 1) 2 j h
3 (4 1) 2 (4) 0 1
15.Identify the possible motion (s) and name of the kinematic pairs of the following
combinations: (a) Members of a scissor. (b) A two pin plug inserted in a two pin
socket.
(May / June 2006)
(a) Incompletely constrained motion and closed pair (also known as self closed pair)
or lower pair.
(b) Completely constrained motion and unclosed pair (also known as open pair or force
closed pair) or lower pair.
16.State the differences between a crank rocker mechanism and a drag link
mechanism. (May / June 2006)
In a crank rocker mechanism, one link oscillates while the other link rotates
about the fixed link, as shown in Fig.1.
If the shortest link, i.e., link 1 (crank) is fixed, the adjacent links 2 and 4 would
complete revolutions, as shown if Fig.2. The mechanism thus obtained is known
as drag-link mechanism or double-crank mechanism.
17.Define kinematic pair and illustrate any two types of constrained pair.
(May / June 2006)
When any two links or elements are connected in such a way that their relative motion
is completely or successfully constrained, they form a kinematic pair.
6
Examples :
(i)
(ii)
A shaft with collars at its ends moving in a round hole (Refer Fig. 2).
21.Name any four common mechanisms with specific application. (Nov/ Dec 2006)
SI .No.
Mechanism
1.
Crank and lever mechanism
Application
Beam engine
2.
3.
4.
22.Enumerate the difference between a machine and a structure. (May / June 2007)
SI. No
Machine
Structure
No relative motion exists
between its members.
It does not convert the available
energy into work.
Members are meant for
carrying loads having straining
action.
23.List out the inversions of a double slider crank chain. (May / June 2007)
1) Elliptical trammel.
3) Oldhams Coupling.
24.Define Degree of Freedom and give the DOF for a shaft in a circular hole. (Nov /
Dec 2007)
n 6 (l 1) 5 p1 4 p2 3 p3 2 p4 1 p5
where
p1
p2
where
p1
34.Explain the term kinematic link. Give the classification of kinematic link (Nov/ Dec
2011)
A link or an element is defined as that part of machine which has motion relative
to some other part.
There are three types of links as classified below:
35.Explain the terms: (a) Lower pair, (b) higher pair. (Nov/ Dec 2011)
Lower pair : If a pair in motion has a surface contact between the two elements, it is
called a lower pair.
Examples: Nut and bolt; Bolt and socket joint.
Higher pair : If a pair in motion has a line or point contact between the two elements,
it is called a higher pair.
Examples: Belt, rope and chain drives; Gear, cam and follower.
10
36.What is the significance of Grashofs law for a four bar mechanism? (Nov/ Dec
2011)
Grashofs law specifies the order in which the links are connected in a kinematic
chain.
Grashofs law specifies which link of the four-bar chain is fided.
sl p q
If this inequality is not satisfied, no link will make a complete revolution relative
to another.
37.State the application of an offset slider-crank mechanism. (Nov/ Dec 2011)
The offset slider crank mechanism is used to get reciprocating motion of the
slider and is also used as a quick return mechanism.
Machine
Structure
11
2)
3)
47.How to determine the given assemblage of links forms the kinematic chain or not?
If the given assemblage satisfies the following two equations (for lower pair) then it is
called as kinematic chain.
l 2p 4
3
l 2
2
where
l = Number of links,
p = Number of pairs, and
j = Number of joints.
converter.
2.
Crank crank mechanism (or) Double crank mechanism (or) Rotary rotary
converter.
3.
Machine
Structure
parts.
its members.
useful work.
and forces.
Elliptical trammel is an instrument used for drawing ellipses. It is the best example for
first inversion of double slider crank chain.
56. Compare Movablility and Mobility.
Movablility includes the 6 degree of freedom of the device as a whole, as though the
ground links were not fixed, and this applies to a kinematic chain.
Mobility neglects these and considers only the internal relative motions, thus applying a
mechanism.
59. Write down the Grashofs Law for a four bar mechanism?
Grashofs law states that the sum of the shortest and longest links cannot be
greater than the sum of the remaining two links lengths if there is to be continuous
relative motion between two members.
15
The mechanism used to adjust or modify the motion of the link is known as
motion adjustment mechanism. Motion adjustment is obtained by wedges, levers and
rack and pinion.
62. Whether a cycle chain is kinematic chain or not?
A cycle chain is a combination of several links with turning pair. Hence it is not a
kinematic chain.
63. Define instantaneous centre.
Instantaneous centre of a moving body may be defined as that centre which goes
on changing from one instant to another.
64. What is instantaneous axis?
Instantaneous axis is a line drawn through an instantaneous centre and
perpendicular to the plane of motion.
65. What is resistant body?
A body is said to be resistant if it is capable of transmitting the required force
with negligible deformation. A link need not necessarily be a rigid body, but it must be
a resistant body.
66. What is link?
A link or an element is defined as that part of a machine which has motion
relative to some other part. A link need not to be a single unit, but it may consist of
several parts which are manufactured as separate units.
67. What are the different types of links?
1) Rigid link.
2) Flexible link.
3) Fluid link.
68.What is meant by spatial mechanism?
Spatial mechanism have special geometric characteristics in that all revolute axes
are parallel and perpendicular to the plane of motion and all prism axes lie in the plane
of motion.
16
Definition: The rubbing velocity is defined as the algebraic sum between the angular
velocities of the two links which are connected by pin joints, multiplied by the radius of
the pin.
Rubbing velocity at a pin joint when the two links move in the opposite directions
= 1 2 r
Where 1 and 2
r
2. Define Instantaneous centre. How many instantaneous centres are in a single crank
mechanism? (Oct/ Nov 2002)
Definition: Instantaneous centre of a moving body is defined as the centre which goes
on changing from one instant to another.
17
n n 1 4(4 1)
6
2
2
3. Sketch the Geneva wheel indexing mechanism and state its application. (April /
May 2003)
Geneva mechanism is used in rotary tables and indexing turrets in machine tools
and in automatic machines. The sketch is shown in Fig.1.
2
vlink
Length of the link
5. Define instantaneous centre of rotation and write the equation to determine the
nuber of instantaneous centres of a mechanism. (Nov / Dec 2003)
Definition: Instantaneous centre of a moving body is defined as the centre which
goes on changing from one instant to another.
Number of instantaneous centres,
18
n n 1
, where n Number of links
2
2 (3)
0.314 rad / s; v 0.5 m / s.
60
c
Solution: Coriolis acceleration, a 2.v.
7. Define rubbing velocity at a pin joint. What will be the rubbing velocity at pin joint
when the two links move in the opposite direction? (Nov / Dec 2004)
Definition: The rubbing velocity is defined as the algebraic sum between the
angular velocities of the two links which are connected by pin joints, multiplied
by the radius of the pin.
Rubbing velocity at pin joint when
= (1 2 ) r
Neither fixed nor permanent centres: I13 and I23 are neither fixed nor permanent
instantaneous centres as they vary with the configuration of the mechanism.
10.What type of link will have only centripetal component of acceleration and what
types of link will have only linear acceleration? (April / May 2005)
The link which rotates at a constant velocity will have only centripetal i.e., radial
component of acceleration.
The link which moves in a linear direction will have only linear i.e., tangential
component of acceleration.
Where
l
20
12.Define rubbing velocity. What will be the rubbing velocity at a pin joint when the two
links move in and opposite directions? (Nov / Dec 2005)
Definition: The rubbing velocity is defined as the algebraic sum between the angular
velocities of the two links which are connected by pin joints, multiplied by the radius of
the pin.
Rubbing velocity at a pin joint when the two links move in the opposite directions
= 1 2 r
Where 1 and 2
13.A four-bar mechanism has coupler pin centres at A and B, and fixed pivot centres at
A0 and B0 Write the two vector equations involving the output velocity vector of B.
(May / June 2006)
v BA BA . BA
vBB 0 v A v BA
14.How will you determine the total acceleration of a point on a link, when the normal
component of acceleration and the tangential component of acceleration are known?
(May / June 2006)
The total acceleration of a point on a link is the vector sum of their components of the
radial acceleration and tangential acceleration.
15.Illustrate the instantaneous centres of a typical four bar. (May / June 2006)
Three types of instantaneous centres are (refer Fig.1) :
21
Fixed instantaneous centres: From the Fig.1, I12 and I14 are called the fixed
instantaneous centres as they remain in the same place for all configurations of
the mechanism.
Permanent instantaneous centres: I23 and I34 are called the permanent
instantaneous centres as they move when the mechanism moves, but the joints
are of permanent nature.
Neither fixed nor permanent centres: I13 and I23 are neither fixed nor permanent
instantaneous centres as they vary with the configuration of the mechanism.
16.State the condition for a link to experience coriolis acceleration.`(May / June 2006)
Coriolis acceleration occurs when a point on one link is sliding along another
rotating link, such as in quick return mechanism.
17.Illustrate the space centrode and body centrode. (Nov / Dec 2006)
The locus of the instantaneous centre in space during a definite motion of the
body is called the space centrode.
The locus of the instantaneous centre relative to the body itself is called the body
centrode.
The space and body centrodes are illustrated in Fig.l.
22
18.Write the condition for coriolis component of acceleration. (Nov / Dec 2006)
Coriolis acceleration occurs when a point on one link is sliding along another
rotating link, such as in quick return mechanism.
19.Explain normal component of acceleration. (Nov / Dec 2006)
Normal or radial component of acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity of
r
a BA
2 . AB
v 2 BA
AB .
Where
l
The Grublers criterion applies to mechanisms with only single degree of freedom
joints and the overall mobility of the mechanism is unity.
24.Define Coriolis component of acceleration. (May / June 2007)
Coriolis component of acceleration occur when a point on one link is sliding
along another rotation link, such as in quick return mechanism.
25.What is Coriolis component of acceleration? (Nov / Dec 2007)
Coriolis component of acceleration occurs when a point on one link is sliding
along another rotating link, such as in quick return mechanism.
26.State the Freudensteins equation for a four-bar mechanism. (Nov / Dec 2007)
The Freudenstein equation that gives length ratios (design parameter) of a four
bar mechanism is as below:
k1
l1
;
l2
k2
l1
;
l4
k3
Where l1 l3 and l4 represent the length of the four links of four bar mechanism
respectively. k1 , k2 and k3 are the three length ratios.
where
V = Linear velocity of B.
28.What is higher pair? (April / May 2008)
If a pair in motion has a line or point contact between the two elements, it is
called a higher pair.
29.Define Actual Mechanical Advantage (Nov / Dec 2008)
The mechanical advantage is defined as the ratio of output torque to the input
torque. It is also defined as the ratio of the load to the effort.
M . A.( ideal)
TB
TA
where TB
TA
Driving torque
ar 2 .r
ar
at .r
at
Fig.1
32.Explain how the direction of Coriolis acceleration is obtained. (May / June 2009)
25
26
37.For what kind of relative motion, the Coriolis component of acceleration occurs?
Sketch the links to illustrate. (Nov / Dec 2011)
When a point on one link is sliding along another rotating link, then the point is
known as coincident point. At the coincident point the Coriolis component of
acceleration occurs Refer Fig.1.
38.State the relationship between crank angle and connecting rod angle of a
single slider crank mechanism. (Nov / Dec 2011)
r
sin
sin sin
l
n
Rubbing velocity at a pin joint when the two links move in the opposite directions
= 1 2 r
Where 1 and 2
and
r
where
n n 1
2
n = Number of links
where
V = Linear velocity of B.
45.Define instantaneous centre and instantaneous axis.
Instantaneous centre: Instantaneous centre of a moving body is defined as the centre
which goes on changing from one instant to another.
Instantaneous axis: Instantaneous axis is a line drawn through an instantaneous centre
and perpendicular to the plane of motion.
28
A angular
angular velocity in opposite direction. What is the rubbing velocity of that pin?
Rubbing velocity of pin = 1 2 r
Where r is the radius of the pin.
or
where A
= Driving link
T
= Torque
V
= Velocity, and
B = Driven link,
F = Force
= Angular velocity.
48.How to represent the direction of linear velocity of any point on a link with respect to
another point on the same link?
The direction of linear velocity of any point on a link with respect to another point on
the same link is perpendicular to the line joining the points.
49.What is the magnitude of linear velocity of a point B on a link AB relative to A?
The magnitude of linear velocity of a point B on a link AB, which rotates with
angular velocity with respect to A is:
v BA BA AB
29
Where
n n 1
2
where
n = Number of links
in four bar chain mechanism, n = 4
N
4(4 1)
2
30
where
OB
OB
OB
=
=
Mechanical advantage
v AB
v DC
v AB AB AB
2 N AB
AB
60
2 100
0.3 3.14 m / s.
60
v DC 5 m / s
Mechanical advantage =
3.14
0.628
5
56. In the four bar chain, considering mechanical advantage of 0.7, FB = 50 N, what is
the force acting on pin C.
Given Data :
Solution :
M.A = 0.7
FB = 50 N
FC = ?
FC
M.A = FB
0.7
FC
50
31
FC = 35N
2. Sketch the velocity and acceleration profile of a follower which moves with simple
harmonic motion. (Oct / Nov 2002)
32
Fig.3. Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with
SHM
3. State the advantages of cam mechanisms over linkage mechanisms. (April / May
2003)
Cam mechanisms are simple and inexpensive. They have few moving parts and
occupy a very small space. The versatility and flexibility of the cam design are more
than that of the linkage mechanisms.
4. Briefly write about undercutting in cam mechanisms. (April / May 2003)
The cam profile must be continuous curve without any loop. If the curvature of
the pitch curve is too sharp, then the part of the cam shape would be lost and thereafter
the intended cam motion would not be achieved. Such a cam is said to be undercut.
5. Define pressure angle of a cam mechanism and state the best value of the pressure
angle. ( Nov / Dec 2003)
Definition: It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a
normal to the pitch curve.
Best value of the pressure angle is 30.
6. State the advantages of tangent cam ( Nov / Dec 2003)
Tangent cams are symmetrical and easy to manufacture.
They are less costly to manufacture.
They are used for operating the inlet and exhaust valves of I.C. engine.
7. State law of gearing( Nov / Dec 2004)
The law of gearing states that the common normal at the point of contact
between a pair of teeth must always pass through the pitch point.
8. Explain the term interference as applied to gears. ( Nov / Dec 2004)
33
The phenomenon when the tip of tooth undercuts the root on its mating gear is
known as interference.
9. Sketch a cylindrical cam, the follower reciprocates in a direction parallel to the cam
axis and also a cylindrical cam with oscillation follower. (April / May 2005)
A cylindrical cam with a follower reciprocates in a direction parallel to the cam
axis is shown in Fig.2(a).
A cylindrical cam with oscillating follower is shown in Fig.2 (b).
10.Derive the equation to determine the maximum velocity and the maximum
acceleration when the follower has simple harmonic motion. (April / May 2005)
v0 max S ;
vR max S ;
0 max
R max
2 0
2 S
;
2 02
2 R
2 S
;
2 R2
11.Sketch displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram for simple harmonic motion
and indicate the maximum velocity and maximum acceleration position.
(Nov/ Dec 2005)
34
Fig.3. Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with
SHM
12.Sketch any four types of follower with cam arrangement. (Nov/ Dec 2005)
13.Enumerate any four different types of follower motions of a cam. (May / June 2006)
35
14.State the expressions to determine the maximum velocity and acceleration when the
follower moves with simple harmonic motion. (May / June 2006)
Maximum velocity:
v0 max S ;
vR max S ;
2 0
2 R
2 2 S
0 max
;
2
2
0
Maximum acceleration:
2 2 S
R max
;
2 R2
15.State, atleast, one disadvantage of flat faced follower over roller follower in a cam
mechanism. (May / June 2006)
36
18.Sketch the displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram when a follower moves
with uniform velocity. (Nov / Dec 2006)
19.What are the classifications of cams based on contact surfaces? (Nov / Dec 2006)
Cylindrical cam and Radial or Disc cam.
20.State the basic requirements for high speed cams. (Nov / Dec 2006)
For any high speed cam application it is extremely important that not only the
displacement and velocity curves but also the acceleration curve be made continuous
for the entire motion cycle. No discontinuities should be allowed at the boundaries of
different sections of the cam.
21.What are high speed cams? Give examples. (May / June 2007)
..
22.Construct the displacement diagram for the follower motion to be cycloidal. (May /
June 2007)
37
23.State the expressions for maximum velocity and acceleration of a follower moves
with cycloidal motion. (May / June 2007)
( 0 )
( R )
24.What is prime circle of a cam? What is the radial distance between the prime circle
and base circle for a cam with knife edge follower? (May / June 2007)
The smallest circle drawn tangent to the pitch curve is known as the prime circle.
The radial distance between the prime circle and base circle for a cam with knife
edge follower is zero.
25.What is a circular arc cam? (Nov / Dec 2007)
When the flanks of the cam connecting the base circle and nose are of convex circular
arcs, then the cam is known as circular arc cam.
26.State the expressions for maximum velocity and acceleration of a follower moves
with cycloidal motion. (Nov / Dec 2007)
( 0 )
38
( R )
Now, instead of the gear mating with the pinion, a cutting rack is used to cut the
teeth in the pinion. Then the portion of the pinion tooth will be removed as shown in
Fig.1(b).
29.Draw at least any four types of cam with followers. (Nov / Dec 2008)
30.What are the different types of motion with which a follower can move? (Nov / Dec
2008)
Uniform velocity or uniform motion
simple harmonic motion SHM
Uniform acceleration and retardation, and
39
Cycloidal motion
31.What is the significance of pressure angle in cam? (May / June 2009)
As the pressure angle increases, the force required to lift the follower increases.
32.What is the follower motion used for high speed cams? Why? (May / June 2009)
Cycloidal motion because it results in lower jerks.
33.Why is roller follower preferred to knife edge follower? (Nov / Dec 2009)
Because rate of wear is greatly reduced in roller follower. Also side thrust exists
between the follower and guide is less in roller follower.
34.Define under cutting in cam. (Nov / Dec 2009)
The cam profile must be continuous curve without any loop. If the curvature of
the pitch curve is too sharp, then the part of the cam shape would be lost and thereafter
the intended cam motion would not be achieved. Such a cam is said to be undercut.
35.Define pressure angle of a cam mechanism and stat the best value of the pressure
angle. (Nov / Dec 2011)
Definition: It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a
normal to the pitch curve.
Best value of the pressure angle is below 30.
36.State the advantages of tangent cams. (Nov / Dec 2011)
Tangent cams are symmetrical and easy to manufacture.
They are less costly to manufacture.
They are used for operating the inlet and exhaust valves of I.C. engine.
40
37.Sketch the shapes of displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams for uniform
acceleration and retardation motion of a follower. (Nov / Dec 2011)
38.Why sometimes the axes of translating roller followers in cam follower mechanisms
are offset from the axis of rotation of cam? (Nov / Dec 2011)
The offset causes a reduction of the side thrust present in the follower
39.Define rubbing velocity. What will be the expression for rubbing velocity at a pin
joint when the two links rotate in opposite direction? (Nov / Dec 2012)
amax
2 S 2
Cycloidal motion
42
45.What is a cam?
A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or
oscillating motion to another element known as follower.
46.Give some examples of cam.
1) Radial or disc cams.
2) Cylindrical or barrel cams.
3) End or face cams.
4) Wedge cams.
47.Define tangent cam.
When the flanks of the cam are straight and tangential to the base circle
and nose circle the cam is known as tangent cam.
48.What ate the different motions of the follower?
1) Uniform motion.
2) Simple harmonic motion.
3) Uniform acceleration and retardation.
4) Cycloidal motion.
49.How can high surface stress in flat faced follower be minimized?
High surface stress in the follower is minimized by machining the flat end
of the follower to a spherical shape.
50.Where are the roller follower extensively used?
Roller followers are extensively used where more space is available such
as in stationary gas oil engines, and aircraft engines.
51.Define dwell period?
The period during which the follower remains at rest is called dwell period.
52.Explain offset follower.
43
When the motion of the follower is along an axis away from the axis of the
cam centre, it is called offset follower.
53.Define trace point.
It is a reference point on the follower and is used to generate the pitch
curve. In case of knife edge follower the knife edge represents the trace point and the
pitch curve corresponds to the cam profile.
54.Define pressure angle with respect to cams.
It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to
the pitch curve. This angle is very important in designing a cam profile. If the pressure
angle is too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings.
55.Define lift or stroke in cam.
It is the maximum travel of the follower from its lowest position to the topmost
position.
56.Define undercutting in cam. How it occurs?
The cam profile must be continuous curve without any loop. If the
curvature of the pitch curve is too sharp, then the part of the cam shape would be lost
and thereafter the intended cam motion would not be achieved. Such a cam is said to be
undercut.
Undercutting occurs in the cam because of attempting to achieve too great
a follower lift with very small cam rotation with a smaller cam.
The smallest circle drawn tangent to the pitch curve is known as prime circle.
66.What is pressure angle?
It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to
the pitch curve. This angle is very important in cam design as it represents steepness of
the cam profile.
67.What is pitch point?
It is the point on the pitch curve at which the pressure angle is maximum.
68.What is pitch circle?
It is the circle passing through the pitch point and concentric with the base circle.
69.What is cam angle?
It is the angle of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower.
ii.
iii.
The law of gearing states that for obtaining a constant velocity ratio, at any
instant of teeth the common normal at each point of contact should always pass through
a pitch point (fixed point), situated on the line joining the centres of rotation of the pair
of mating gears.
3. State the relationship between circular pitch and the module. (April / May 2003)
Circular pitch Pc mod ule (m) .
4. Briefly write about reverted gear train with suitable sketch. (April / May 2003)
When the axes of the first gear (i.e., first driver) and the last gear (i.e., last driven
or follower) are co-axial, then the gear train is known as reverted gear train. Refer
Fig.2.
bar
Pitch
curve
5. Prove or disprove that in a spur gear pair, pure rolling occurs only at one point along
the path of contact. (Nov / Dec 2003)
We know that in a spur gear pair, at the pitch point there is no sliding. The action is
pure rolling. We also know that the path of contact should always pass through the pitch
point. Thus the pure rolling occurs only at one point along the path of contact.
47
6. What is meant by an epicyclic gear train? Give a practical example. (Nov / Dec 2003)
When the gears are arranged in such a manner that one or more gears move upon
and around another gear, then the gear train is known as epicyclic gear train.
Examples : Differential gears of automobile, back gear of lathe, wrist watches,
etc.
7. Define : (a) normal pitch and (b) axial pitch relating to helical gears. (Nov / Dec
2004)
Normal pitch: It is the distance between similar faces of adjacent teeth, along a het
on the pitch cylinder normal to the teeth.
Axial pitch: It is the distance measured parallel to the axis, between similar faces of
adjacent teeth.
8. List any four types of cam followers. (Nov / Dec 2004)
(i) Knife edge follower ;
(iii) Mushroom or flad faced follower ; and (iv) Spherical faced follower
9. What is meant by contact ratio in gear? And write the equation to determine this
value.
(April / May 2005)
48
10.How to change the direction of rotation of the output gear in simple gear train
without changing the direction of rotation of input gear? (April / May 2005)
By using intermediate idle gears.
49
50
ANNA UNIVERSITY
B.E. Degree Examinations, April / May 2003
ME 232 KINEMATICS OF MACHINES
2 MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER
13.How many inversions are possible from a four-bar kinematic chain? Name them
based on their input-output motions.
Three in versions are possible from a four-bar kinematic chain. They are:
Crank-rocker mechanism or Rotary oscillating converter.
Double crank mechanism or Rotary rotary converter.
Double rocker mechanism or Oscillating oscillating converter.
14.
mechanism?
The linkage should be class I four bar linkage. That is, if the sum of the lengths
of the largest and the shortest links is less than the sum of the lengths of the other
two links, the linkage is known as a class I, four bar linkage.
The shortest link should be made a crank (which can revolve) and any of the
adjacent links is fixed.
The link opposite to the crank i.e., rocker should oscillate.
15.
Sketch the Geneva wheel indexing mechanism and state its application.
Geneva mechanism is used in rotary tables and indexing turrets in machine tools
51
16.
Distinguish
normal
component
of
acceleration
and
tangential
component of acceleration.
Normal (or Radial or centripetal) component is perpendicular to the velocity of
the particle at the given instant. In other words, the normal component acts
parallel to the link.
r
alink
2 Length of the link
2
vlink
Length of the link
52
When the axes of the first gear (i.e., first driver) and the last gear (i.e., last driven or
follower) are co-axial, then the gear train is known as reverted gear train. Refer Fig.2.
0.3 ; 165
Given Data :
Solution :
T1
e .
T
We know that, 2
3000
e0.3 2.879
T2
or
53
or
T2 1264.49 N
54
ANNA UNIVERSITY
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ME 232 KINEMATICS OF MACHINES
2 MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER
23.State at least one similarity and one difference between a helical pair and a cylindric
pair.
Similarity
Difference :
Define transmission angle of a four- bar mechanism. What are the worst
n n 1
, where n Number of links
2
26.In a revolving stage with a speed of 3rpm, a person is walking with a speed of
0.5m/sec along a radial path. Determine the magnitude of the coriolis component of
acceleration in this motion.
Given Data: N = 3rpm;
2 (3)
0.314 rad / s; v 0.5 m / s.
60
c
Solution: Coriolis acceleration, a 2.v.
55
27.Define pressure angle of a cam mechanism and state the best value of the pressure
angle.
Definition: It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a
normal to the pitch curve.
Best value of the pressure angle is 30.
28. State the advantages of tangent cam and
Tangent cams are symmetrical and easy to manufacture.
They are less costly to manufacture.
They are used for operating the inlet and exhaust valves of I.C. engine.
29.Prove or disprove that in a spur gear pair, pure rolling occurs only at one point along
the path of contact.
We know that in a spur gear pair, at the pitch point there is no sliding. The action is
pure rolling. We also know that the path of contact should always pass through the pitch
point. Thus the pure rolling occurs only at one point along the path of contact.
bar
Pitch
curve
31.Prove or disprove that the efficiency of a screw jack is independent of load raised.
screw jack
Ideal effort P0
W tan
tan
vmax
57
T
3m
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ME 232 KINEMATICS OF MACHINES
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33. State any four types of kinematic pairs according to the types of relative motion
between them.
i) Sliding pair;
(iii) Rolling pair; and
34.Explain with a neat sketch, the space centrode and body centrode.
The locus of the instantaneous centre in space during a definite motion of the
body is called the space centrode.
The locus of the instantaneous centre relative to the body itself is called the body
centrode.
The space and body centrodes are illustrated in Fig.l.
35.Define rubbing velocity at a pin joint. What will be the rubbing velocity at pin joint
when the two links move in the opposite direction?
Definition: The rubbing velocity is defined as the algebraic sum between the
angular velocities of the two links which are connected by pin joints, multiplied
by the radius of the pin.
Rubbing velocity at pin joint when
= (1 2 ) r
(iii) Mushroom or flad faced follower ; and (iv) Spherical faced follower
41.Obtain an expression for length of an open belt drive
d d
d1 d 2 2 x 1 2
4x
2
Lopen
Where d1 and d2
42.What is the minimum force required to slide a body on a rough horizontal plane ?
Refer Fig.2. The minimum force required to slide a body on a rough horizontal
plane is
W sin ( )
sin ( )
59
Fig.2.
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43. What is a machine? Give two examples. Also differentiate between a machine and a
structure.
A machine is a device which receives energy and transforms it into some useful
work.
Where
l
60
Fixed instantaneous centres: From the Fig.1, I12 and I14 are called the fixed
instantaneous centres as they remain in the same place for all configurations of
the mechanism.
Permanent instantaneous centres: I23 and I34 are called the permanent
instantaneous centres as they move when the mechanism moves, but the joints
are of permanent nature.
Neither fixed nor permanent centres: I13 and I23 are neither fixed nor permanent
instantaneous centres as they vary with the configuration of the mechanism.
46.What type of link will have only centripetal component of acceleration and what
types of link will have only linear acceleration?
The link which rotates at a constant velocity will have only centripetal i.e., radial
component of acceleration.
The link which moves in a linear direction will have only linear i.e., tangential
component of acceleration.
47.Sketch a cylindrical cam, the follower reciprocates in a direction parallel to the cam
axis and also a cylindrical cam with oscillation follower.
A cylindrical cam with a follower reciprocates in a direction parallel to the cam
axis is shown in Fig.2(a).
A cylindrical cam with oscillating follower is shown in Fig.2 (b).
61
48.Derive the equation to determine the maximum velocity and the maximum
acceleration when the follower has simple harmonic motion.
v0 max S ;
vR max S ;
0 max
R max
2 0
2 S
;
2 02
2 R
2 S
;
2 R2
49.What is meant by contact ratio in gear? And write the equation to determine this
value.
Contact ratio in gear refers to the number of teeth in contact.
Length of are of contact
Circular pitch
Contact ratio =
50.How to change the direction of rotation of the output gear in simple gear train
without changing the direction of rotation of input gear?
By using intermediate idle gears.
51.What is the condition for self locking in screws?
A screw will be self locking if the friction angle () is greater than helix angle
() or coefficient of friction () is greater than tangent of helix angle (tan ).
62
52. Find the power transmitted by a flat belt over a pulley of 600 mm in diameter at 200
revolutions per minute. The maximum and minimum tensions in the belt are 2500 N
and 124 N.
Given Data : D = 600 mm;
Solution:
N = 200 rpm;
T1 = 2500N;
D N (0.6) 200
6.28 m / s
60
60
Power transmitted,
63
T2 = 124 N.
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53. Define kinematic chain
A kinematic chain may be defined as a combination of kinematic pairs, joined in such a
way that the relative motion between the links or elements is completely of successfully
constrained.
54.Define lower pair and higher pair, give two examples for each pairs.
Lower pair : If a pair in motion has a surface contact between the two elements, it
is called a lower pair.
Examples: Nut and bolt; Bolt and socket joint.
Higher pair : If a pair in motion has a line or point contact between the two
elements, it is called a higher pair.
Examples: Belt, rope and chain drives; Gear, cam and follower.
Where
l
64
56.
Define rubbing velocity. What will be the rubbing velocity at a pin joint
Definition: The rubbing velocity is defined as the algebraic sum between the angular
velocities of the two links which are connected by pin joints, multiplied by the radius of
the pin.
Rubbing velocity at a pin joint when the two links move in the opposite directions
= 1 2 r
Where 1 and 2
r
57.Sketch displacement, velocity and acceleration diagram for simple harmonic motion
and indicate the maximum velocity and maximum acceleration position.
Fig.3. Displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams when the follower moves with
SHM
58.Sketch any four types of follower with cam arrangement.
65
66
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63. Draw a four bar mechanism and show that it has one degree of freedom as per
Kutzbach criterion.
The four bar mechanism is shown in Fig.1. it has four links and four binary
joints, ie., l = 4 and j =4.
Kutzbach criterion, n 3 (l 1) 2 j h
3 (4 1) 2 (4) 0 1
67
Neither fixed nor permanent centres: I13 and I23 are neither fixed nor permanent
instantaneous centres as they vary with the configuration of the mechanism.
68.State the expressions to determine the maximum velocity and acceleration when the
follower moves with simple harmonic motion.
v0 max S ;
vR max S ;
0 max
R max
2 0
Maximum velocity :
Maximum acceleration :
2 R
2 S
;
2 02
2 S
;
2 R2
68
(b) Circular pitch : It is the distance measured along the circumference of the pitch
circle from a point on one tooth to the corresponding point on the adjacent tooth.
(c) Diameteral pitch : It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch circle diameter.
(d) Module : It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth.
70.Define the terms velocity ratio and sliding velocity in a spur gear pair.
Velocity ratio : It is the ratio of speed of driving gear to the speed of the driven gear.
Sliding velocity : It is the velocity of one tooth relative to its mating tooth along the
common tangent at the point of contact.
71.With a neat sketch show that angle of repose is equal to the limiting angle of
friction .
W sin
= F = . RN
= W cos
or tan
= = tan
Thus,
=.
69
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73. Identify the possible motion (s) and name of the kinematic pairs of the following
combinations: (a) Members of a scissor. (b) A two pin plug inserted in a two pin
socket.
(c) Incompletely constrained motion and closed pair (also known as self closed pair)
or lower pair.
(d) Completely constrained motion and unclosed pair (also known as open pair or force
closed pair) or lower pair.
74.State the differences between a crank rocker mechanism and a drag link
mechanism.
In a crank rocker mechanism, one link oscillates while the other link rotates
about the fixed link, as shown in Fig.1.
If the shortest link, i.e., link 1 (crank) is fixed, the adjacent links 2 and 4 would
complete revolutions, as shown if Fig.2. The mechanism thus obtained is known
as drag-link mechanism or double-crank mechanism.
75.A four-bar mechanism has coupler pin centres at A and B, and fixed pivot centres at
A0 and B0 Write the two vector equations involving the output velocity vector of B.
v BA BA . BA
vBB 0 v A v BA
76. How will you determine the total acceleration of a point on a link, when the normal
component of acceleration and the tangential component of acceleration are known?
The total acceleration of a point on a link is the vector sum of their components of the
radial acceleration and tangential acceleration.
77. State, atleast, one disadvantage of flat faced follower over roller follower in a cam
mechanism.
71
Non -reverted gear train : If the axes of the first and the last wheels of a compound
gear do not coincide, it is called a non- reverted gear train. Refer Fig.5.
81.In a screw jack, the coefficient of friction between screw and nut is 0.1 and the helix
angle of the screw thread is 3.5. Find the efficiency of the screw jack.
Given Data : = 0.1; = 3.5
Solution : = tan = 0.1 or = tan -1 (0.1) = 5.71
tan
tan 3.5
37.72 %
tan ( ) tan (3.5 5.71)
82.A force of 80 N is applied to the brake of a bicycle rear wheel and the distance
covered by the bicycle before coming to rest is 12.5 metres. If the coefficient of
friction is 0.6, find the work done against the friction.
Given Data : F = 80 N; S = 12.5m; = 0.6.
Solution : F = RN or RN = 80/0.6 = 133.33 N
Workdone = RN x S = 133.33 x 12.5
= 1666.6 N.M
72
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83. Define kinematic pair and illustrate any two types of constrained pair.
When any two links or elements are connected in such a way that their relative motion
is completely or successfully constrained, they form a kinematic pair.
Examples :
(iii)
(iv)
A shaft with collars at its ends moving in a round hole (Refer Fig. 2).
84.Explain Kutzbach criterion for the movability of a mechanism having plane notion.
A kinematic chain having l links and j binary joints then the mobility
according to Kutzbach criterion, is n = 3(l-1) -2j.
85.Illustrate the space centrode and body centrode.
The locus of the instantaneous centre in space during a definite motion of the
body is called the space centrode.
The locus of the instantaneous centre relative to the body itself is called the body
centrode.
The space and body centrodes are illustrated in Fig.l.
73
91.Derive the minimum force required to slide a body on a rough horizontal surface.
.
92. Write the equation to determine the efficiency of a screw jack.
screw jack
tan
tan ( )
75
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70.What is Kutzbach criterion for planar mechanism?
A kinematic chain having l links and j binary joints then the mobility according
to Kutzbach criterion, is n = 3(l-1) -2j.
71.Sketch an exact straight line mechanism, with link proportions.
76
for the entire motion cycle. No discontinuities should be allowed at the boundaries of
different sections of the cam.
76.Define module of gears and its relation to circular pitch.
Module is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth.
Pitch circle, Pc = x Module
77.Explain briefly the use of differential in an automobile.
The function of a differential gear in an automobile is to :
(i) Transmit motion from engine to rear wheels, and
(ii)Rotate the rear wheels at different speeds while the automobile is taking a turn.
78.What are timing belts?
Timing belts provide a precise speed ratio. They have teeth that mesh with
grooves in the sheaves in such a way that no slippage occurs.
79. Explain briefly significance of friction in braking.
77
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80.Write expression governing Kutzbach criterion for mobility of a planer mechanism.
A kinematic chain having l links and j binary joints then the mobility according
to Kutzbach criterion, is n = 3(l-1) -2j.
81.Name any four common mechanism with specific application.
SI .No.
Mechanism
1.
Crank and lever mechanism
Application
Beam engine
2.
3.
4.
82.What is the speciality of a planar four bar linkage with regard to coupler curve?
The connecting rod of a four bar linkage is also
known as the coupler and the points belonging to it are
called coupler points the following figure shows part of
a coupler curve S, traced by the coupler point C.
The shape and state of the coupler curves changes
with the changing positions of the coupler point C. some
of the important characteristics of these curves are known as double points, cusps and
symmetry.
83.Define instantaneous centre of velocity?
Instantaneous centre of a moving body is defined as the centre which goes on
changing from one instant to another.
84.What are high speed cams? Give examples.
..
78
79
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90.Enumerate the difference between a machine and a structure.
SI. No
Machine
Structure
No relative motion exists
between its members.
It does not convert the available
energy into work.
Members are meant for
carrying loads having straining
action.
3) Oldhams Coupling.
Where
l
The Grublers criterion applies to mechanisms with only single degree of freedom
joints and the overall mobility of the mechanism is unity.
93.Define Coriolis component of acceleration.
Coriolis component of acceleration occur when a point on one link is sliding
along another rotation link, such as in quick return mechanism.
94.State the expressions for maximum velocity and acceleration of a follower moves
with cycloidal motion.
vC max
2 S
2 S
2 2 S
2 2 S
; vR max
; O max
; R max
0
R
( 0 ) 2
( R ) 2
80
95.What is prime circle of a cam? What is the radial distance between the prime circle
and base circle for a cam with knife edge follower?
The smallest circle drawn tangent to the pitch curve is known as the prime circle.
The radial distance between the prime circle and base circle for a cam with knife
edge follower is zero.
96.What is axial pitch of a helical gear?
It is the distance measure parallel to the axis, between similar faces of adjacent
teeth.
97.List out the applications of epicyclic gear train.
Differential gears of automobile, back gear of lathe, wrist watches, etc.
98.What is the condition of maximum efficiency of a screw jack?
For efficiency to tbe maximum sin (2+) = 0,
45
1 sin
2 90 or
; max
2
1 sin
or
81
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100.
Define Degree of Freedom and give the DOF for a shaft in a circular hole.
greater than the sum of the remaining two links lengths, if there is to be continuous
relative motion between two members.
102.
l
k2 1 ;
l4
k3
Where l1 l3 and l4 represent the length of the four links of four bar mechanism
respectively. k1 , k2 and k3 are the three length ratios.
104.
When the flanks of the cam connecting the base circle and nose are of convex circular
arcs, then the cam is known as circular arc cam.
82
105.State the expressions for maximum velocity and acceleration of a follower moves
with cycloidal motion.
vC max
106.
2 S
2 S
2 2 S
2 2 S
; vR max
; O max
; R max
0
R
( 0 ) 2
( R ) 2
Pitch circle : It is an imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, would give the
same motion as the actual gear.
Circular pitch : It is the distance measured along the circumference of the pitch circle
from a point on one tooth to the corresponding point on the adjacent tooth.
107.
109.
83
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110.
greater than the sum of the remaining two links lengths, if there is to be continuous
relative motion between two members.
112.
where
113.
115.
gear is more than the limiting value, it interferes with the dedendum of the pinion and
the two gears are locked. (Refer Fig.1(a))
84
Now, instead of the gear mating with the pinion, a cutting rack is used to cut the
teeth in the pinion. Then the portion of the pinion tooth will be removed as shown in
Fig.1(b).
A gear having its material removed in this manner is said to be undercut and
the process is known as undercutting.
Undercutting will not take place if the teeth are designed to avoid interference.
However, when the actual gear meshes with the undercut pinion, no interference
occurs.
116.
The phenomenon when the tip of tooth undercuts the roots on its mating gear is known
as interference.
117.
Define pressure angle and explain the effect of different pressure angle.
It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the
pitch curve. This angle is very important in designing a cam profile. If the pressure
angle is too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings.
118.
belt extends. And it contracts again when the belt passes from the tight side to slack
side. Due to these changes of length, there is a relative motion between the belt and the
pulley surfaces. This relative motion is termed as creep.
119.
85
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120.
122.
n 6 (l 1) 5 p1 4 p2 3 p3 2 p4 1 p5
where
p1
p2
123.
TB
TA
where TB
TA
Driving torque
for the two coincident points rotated at 90 in the direction of angular velocity of
rotation of link.
86
124.
125.
What are the different types of motion with which a follower can move?
Uniform velocity or uniform motion
simple harmonic motion SHM
Uniform acceleration and retardation, and
Cycloidal motion
126.
instant of teeth the common normal at each point of contact should always pass through
a pitch point (fixed point), situated on the line joining the centres of rotation of the pair
of mating gears.
127.
128.
self weight tends to lift the belt from the pulley surface. This reduces the normal
reaction and hence the frictional resistance. The centrifugal force produce additional
tension in the belt.
129.
87
The limiting angle of friction () is defined as the angle at which the resultant
reaction R makes with the normal reaction RN.
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1. Give any two inversions of a single slider chain.
Whitworth quick return mechanism
Crank and slotted lever mechanism.
Oscillating cylinder engine.
Gnome engine.
2. Write Grashoffs law for 4- bar mechanism.
According to Grashoffs law,
S l p q
ar 2 .r
ar
at .r
at
Fig.1
6. What is the follower motion used for high speed cams? Why?
Cycloidal motion because it results in lower jerks.
7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of involute gear tooth profile?
Advantages : Variable centre distance; Constant pressure angle; Easy manufacturing.
Disadvantages: Interference occurs; Weaker teeth; More wear and tear.
8. What are the applications of reverted gear trains?
The reverted gear trains are used in automobile gear boxes, lathe back gears,
industrial speed reducers, etc.
9. What is the apparent coefficient of friction in belt drives?
cosec in the tension ratio equation is known as the apparent coefficient of friction.
10. Distinguish between sliding and rolling friction.
Sliding friction occurs in between two sliding surfaces whereas rolling friction
occurs in between two rolling surfaces.
89
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1. State Grueblers criterion for spatial mechanism.
Grueblers criterion states that the overall mobility of the mechanism is unity.
The Grueblers equation for spatial mechanisms is given by
6 l 5 p1 7 0
where
p1
a pitch point (fixed point), situated on the line joining the centres of rotation of the pair
of mating gears.
8. Write the mobility of differential mechanism.
Mobility of differential mechanism is given by
n = 3(L-1)-2j-h
where
L = Number of links
j = Number of joints
h = Number of higher pairs.
9. What do you mean by self-locking screw,
d
T p 2 W tan ( )
2
91
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130.
Explain the term kinematic link. Give the classification of kinematic link
A link or an element is defined as that part of machine which has motion relative
to some other part.
There are three types of links as classified below:
131.
Lower pair : If a pair in motion has a surface contact between the two elements, it is
called a lower pair.
Examples: Nut and bolt; Bolt and socket joint.
Higher pair : If a pair in motion has a line or point contact between the two elements,
it is called a higher pair.
Examples: Belt, rope and chain drives; Gear, cam and follower.
132.
Define transmission angle of the four-bar mechanism. What is the worst value
of transmission angle?
Definition: The angle between the coupler and the follower is a four-bar
mechanism is called the transmission angle.
Worst value of transmission on angle is less than 45.
133.
93
134.
Define pressure angle of a cam mechanism and stat the best value of the
pressure angle.
Definition: It is the angle between the direction of the follower motion and a
normal to the pitch curve.
Best value of the pressure angle is below 30.
135.
136.
137.
What is the differential in automobile?
The function of a differential gear in an automobile is to:
(i) Transmit motion from engine to rear wheels, and
(ii) Rotate the rear wheels at different speeds while the automobile is taking a turn.
138.
What is the difference between sliding friction and rolling friction? Give
example.
Sliding friction occurs in between two sliding surfaces whereas rolling friction
occurs in between two rolling surfaces.
139.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of V-belt drive over flat belt
drive?
Power transmitted is more due to wedging action in the grooved pulleys.
V-belt is more compact, quiet and shock absorbing.
The V-belt drive is positive because of negligible slip between the belt and the
groove.
High velocity ratio (maximum 10) may be obtained.
94
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140.
141.
to another.
State the application of an offset slider-crank mechanism.
The offset slider crank mechanism is used to get reciprocating motion of the
95
143.
State the relationship between crank angle and connecting rod angle of
r
sin
sin sin
l
n
144.
145.
147.
96
Because they share load between several gear meshes, epicyclic trains take up less
space and have a lighter weight.
Because they share load between several meshes, epicyclic trains have smaller and
stiffer components that lead to reduced noise and vibration while increasing
efficiency.
The input and output shafts of epicyclic trains are concentric so no bending
moments or torques are created from radial forces that develop from the change of
the forces line of action.
The input and output shafts of epicyclic trains are concentric so driver and driven
equipment can be mounted in line, providing additional space savings.
148.
What is limiting angle of friction?
The limiting angle of friction () is defined as the angle at which the resultant
reaction R makes with the normal reaction RN.
149.
The functional difference between a clutch and a brake is that a clutch connects two
moving members of a machine, whereas a brake connects a moving member to a
stationary member.
97
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150.
greater than the sum of the remaining two links lengths, if there is to be continuous
relative motion between two members.
151.
Define rubbing velocity. What will be the expression for rubbing velocity at a
and
r
98
154.
Define rubbing velocity. What will be the expression for rubbing velocity at a
2 S 2
158.
tan
tan ( )
tan
tan tan (1 tan 2 ) 1 tan 2
tan ( ) tan 2
2 tan
2
2
2 tan
tan 2 1 tan 2
99
1
From this expression, we see that efficiency of self-locking screws is less than 2
or
50%
159.
What is meant by a self-locking and a self energised brake?
When the moment of frictional force helps to apply the brake, then the brake is said
to be self-energising brake.
When the frictional force is great enough to apply the brake with no external force,
then the brake is said to be self locking brake.
100
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160.
(the output). Usually the two slider operate in the same plane but in different directions.
161.
163.
n n 1
2
where
n = Number of links
What is low degree of complexity?
In a complex mechanism if only one radius of path curvature of one motion
transfer point is not known such a mechanism is called a mechanism with low degree of
complexity.
164.
Define pressure angle in gears.
Pressure angle is the angle between the common normal to two gear teeth at the
point of contact and the common tangent at the pitch point.
165.
Write the procedure to draw the cam profile.
166.
101
The gear ratio of a gear train is the ratio of the angular velocity of the input gear
to the angular velocity of the output gear.
167.
Write short notes on differentials.
The function of a differential gear of an automobile is:
(i) to transmit motion from engine to rear wheels, and
(ii) to rotate the rear wheels at different speeds while the automobile is taking a turn.
168.
Define anti friction bearing.
An antifriction bearing, also known as a rolling contact bearing, is used when
very little friction is needed for low differential surface speeds.
169.
Differentiate multiplate clutch and cone clutch.
A cone clutch serves the same purpose as a multiplate clutch. However, instead
of mating two or more spinning disks, the cone clutch uses two conical surfaces to
transmit torque by friction. The cone clutch transfers a higher torque than plate or disk
clutches of the same size due to the wedging action and increased surface area.
102
ANNA UNIVERSITY
B.E. Degree Examinations, May / June 2014
ME 2203 KINEMATICS OF MACHINES
2 MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWER
170.
SI. No
Machine
171.
Structure
No relative motion exists
between its members.
It does not convert the available
energy into work.
Members are meant for
carrying loads having straining
action.
where
V = Linear velocity of B.
174.
103
175.
Cycloidal motion
176.
instant of teeth the common normal at each point of contact should always pass through
a pitch point (fixed point), situated on the line joining the centres of rotation of the pair
of mating gears.
177.
178.
driven.
179.
max
1 sin
1 sin
1
Where tan
104