Sistem TelekomunikasiSatelit

Telekomunikasi Satelit
MODUL 1
MODUL1

PENGENALANSISKOMSAT
EddySetiawan,MSTAS
Email:eddy.setiawan@iicf.or.id
Jurusan Teknik Ekektro
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Sain dan Teknologi Nasional

Materi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
6.
7.
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8.

DasarDasar
Sejarah dan PrinsipPrinsip
Topologi dan Elemen Jaringan
Misi Siskomsat
Aplikasi
Jenisjenis
Jenis
jenis orbit
Jenisjenis pitafrekuensi
Tata kelola dan regulasi
Tatakelola

Telekomunikasi
Telekomunikasiadalah setiap pemancaran,pengiriman,dan atau
penerimaan dari setiap informasi dalam bentuk tandatanda,isyarat,
tulisan,gambar,suara,dan bunyi melalui sistem kawat,optik,radio,
atau sistem elektromagnetik Iainnya;(Ref.:UUTelNo.:36thn
Iainnya; (Ref.: UU Tel No.:36 thn 1999)
ThewordtelecommunicationwasadaptedfromtheSpanishword
Telecom.ItisacompoundoftheGreekprefixtele (),meaning
"faroff",andtheLatincommunicare,meaning"toshare".[12]The
Frenchwordtlcommunication
h
d l
i i wasfirstinventedintheFrench
fi i
di h
h
GrandeEcole "TelecomParisTech"formerlyknownas"Ecole nationale
superieure destelecommunications"in1904bytheFrenchengineer
and novelist douard Estauni.
andnovelistdouard
Estauni.
(Ref.:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication)

TelekomunikasiModern
Telekomunikasimodernadalah bentuk telekomunikasi
yangmemanfaatkan gelombang E.M:gelombang radio
dan cahaya.
Bentukbentuk telekomunikasi tersebut:
Transmisi
Akses
Node/switch

Teknologi:
Kabel
Wireless
Circuitdan
Circuit dan Paket
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Telegraphy
Telegraphy(fromGreek:tele "atadistance",andgraphein
"towrite")isthelongdistancetransmissionoftextual
(as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical
(asopposedtoverbaloraudio)messageswithoutthephysical
exchangeofanobjectbearingthemessage.
Theearliestinstanceofsendinganelectricalsignalacrossa
conductivewiretoberegisteredataremotelocationwas
patentedinLondonin1750byBenjaminFranklin

Telephone
Firstpatentedin1876byAlexanderGraham
Bellandfurtherdevelopedbymanyothers,the
telephonewasthefirstdeviceinhistorythat
enabledpeopletotalkdirectlywitheachother
acrosslargedistances.

RadioTelegraph
By1896,MarconiintroducedtothepublicadeviceinLondon,
assertingitwashisinvention.DespiteMarconi'sstatementsto
the contrary, though, the apparatus resembles Tesla'ss
thecontrary,though,theapparatusresemblesTesla
descriptionsinhisresearch,demonstrationsand
patents.[69][70]Marconi'slaterpracticalfourtunedsystemwas
predatedbyN.Tesla,OliverLodge,andJ.S.Stone.[71]Hefiled
d t d b N T l Oli
L d
d J S St
[71] H fil d
apatentonhisearliestsystemwiththeBritishPatentOfficeon
June2,1896.
In1897,MarconiwasawardedapatentforradiowithBritish
patentNo.12,039

Sejarah dan PrinsipPrinsip

Konsep
p ggeostationarysatellitesdijelaskan
y
j
Hermann
Oberth's 1923dalam bukuk DieRakete zu den
Planetenrumen (TheRocketintoInterplanetary
Space)
Radiocommunicationdgn satellitesoleh Herman
Potonik's di thn 1928dlm buku DasProblemder
Befahrung desWeltraums der RaketenMotor
( h
(TheProblemofSpaceTravel
bl
f
l TheRocketMotor),
h
k
)
ArthurC.Clarkedgn ide geostationarysatellites
sebagai telecommunicationsrelaysdi thn
1945dijelaskandalam ExtraTerrestrialRelays Can
RocketStationsGiveWorldwideRadioCoverage
(1945).

Topologi Siskomsat Umum

RUASANGKASA
SATELIT

RUASBUMI
UPLINK
DOWNLINK

TT&C

UPLINK
DOWNLINK

STASIUNBUMI
TRANSCEIVER

TRANSCEIVER

Topologi Siskomsat Umum

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Packet Switched Service

Basic service, Duoplay, Tripleplay, Quadplay

Satellite-based Content

Satellite Infrastructure

28

Topology

29

VSAT on Board Vessel

VSATonBoardVessel
z

Maritimeapplications

30

Basic Concept of SDMB

BasicConceptofSDMB

JenisJenis OrbitSatelit
LowEarthOrbit,altitude
Low Earth Orbit altitude
<2000km(Polar)
MediumEarthOrbit,
2000km<altitude<36
000km.
GeoEarthOrbit/Geo
/
SynchronousEarthOrbit,
altitude=36000km
Helio EarthOrbit,
Earth Orbit
altitude>36000km

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Orbit
NonGeostationaryOrbit(NGSO):LowEarthOrbit,
Non Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) Low Earth Orbit
MediumEarthOrbit(MEO)
GeostationaryOrbit(GSO)
Geostationary Orbit (GSO)

NGSO LEOMSS
NGSO
LEO MSS

GSO MSS
GSOMSS
NGSO MEOMSS
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NGSO MSS LEO

NGSOMSS
Altitudeofaround2001400kmfromEarthsurface.
Earthcycleperiodof90min/cycle
Smallsatellitedimensionandlightweight,easytolaunchand
costless.
Delaytimeislow,itissuitablefortelephonyorinteractive
applications.
applications
Variance:BigLEO,LittleLEO,equatorialorbit,polarorbitetc.
Applications:remotesensing,telephony,packetdata.
pp
g,
p
y, p
Constraints:lowcapacity,shortlifetime,needmorethan1
satellitefor7/24services.
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NGSO MSS MEO

NGSOMSS
Altitudeofaround5000
Altit
d f
d 5 000 10000kmfromEarthsurface.
10 000 k f
E th f
DelaytimeishigherthanLEOstillsuitablefortelephony.
Earth cycle periode ishighr
Earthcycleperiode
is highr thanLEO,ofaround6hours/cycle.
than LEO of around 6 hours/cycle
Applications:remotesensing,telephony,packetdata,
p
positioning.
g
Constraints:mediumcapacity,betterviewtimeduration,
needsmorethan1satellitefor7/24service.

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NGSO Orbital Model

NGSOOrbitalModel
Ellips :asatellite'sorbittrajectorythatmakesanangleofinclinationtothe
Earth'sequatorwithaccentricity sometimescalledHEO/HIO;
Circular:asatellite'sorbittrajectoryaroundtheEarththatmakesanangleof
inclinationtotheEarth'sequatorwithoutaccentricity;
Polar:asatellite'sorbittrajectorythatmakesanangleofinclinationtothe
Earth'sequatorataround90degreewithoutaccentricity.

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OrbitLEOMultiSat

37

Jenis Layanan Satelit

DefinitionofsatelliteservicesisdonebyITU
throughWRC(WARC)mechanism
SatelliteServices:
Satellite
Services:
FIXEDSATELLITESERVICES
BROADCASTINGSATELLITSERVICES
BROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICES
MOBILESATELLITESERVICES
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FIXED SATELLITE SERVICES

FIXEDSATELLITESERVICES
FIXEDSATELLITESERVICES
FIXED
SATELLITE SERVICES
AccordingtoITURR:
1.21
1
21 fixedsatelliteservice:Aradiocommunication
fi d t llit
i A di
i ti service
i
betweenearthstationsatgivenpositions,whenoneormore
satellitesareused;thegivenpositionmaybeaspecifiedfixed
pointoranyfixedpointwithinspecifiedareas;insomecases
thisserviceincludessatelliteto satellitelinks,whichmayalso
be operated in the inter satellite service; the fixed satellite
beoperatedintheintersatelliteservice;thefixedsatellite
servicemayalsoincludefeederlinksforotherspace
radiocommunication services.
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BROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICES

BROADCASTINGSATELLITSERVICES
BROADCASTINGSATELLITSERVICES
BROADCASTING
SATELLIT SERVICES
AccordingtoITURR:
1 39 broadcastingsatelliteservice:A
1.39
broadcasting satellite service: A
radiocommunication serviceinwhichsignals
transmittedorretransmittedbyspacestationsare
y p
intendedfordirectreceptionbythegeneralpublic.
Inthebroadcastingsatelliteservice,theterm
directreceptionshallencompassbothindividual
receptionandcommunityreception.
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Mobile Satellite Service

MobileSatelliteService
DefinitionbyITURadiocommunication
Definition
by ITU Radiocommunication
Regulations(RR)edition2008:
1.25mobilesatelliteservice:Aradiocommunication service:
betweenmobileearthstationsandoneormorespacestations,
orbetweenspacestationsusedbythisservice;or
b
i
d b hi
i
betweenmobileearthstationsbymeansofoneormorespace
stations.
Thisservicemayalsoincludefeederlinksnecessaryforits
operation.

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Mobile Satellite Service

MobileSatelliteService
DefinitionbySearchMobileComputing.com
(http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/
definition/mobilesatelliteservices):
Mobilesatelliteservices(MSS)referstonetworksof
M
bil
lli
i
(MSS) f
k f
communicationssatellitesintendedforusewithmobileand
portablewirelesstelephones.Therearethreemajortypes:
AMSS(aeronauticalMSS),LMSS(landMSS),andMMSS
(
i l
)
(l d
)
d
(maritimeMSS).
MSSrepeaterscanbeplacedongeostationary,mediumearthorbit(MEO),
orlowearthorbit(LEO)satellites.
l
h b (
)
ll
anMSScanlinkanytwowirelesstelephonesetsatanytime,nomatter
whereintheworldtheyarelocated.
MSSsystemsareinterconnectedwithlandbasedcellularnetworks.
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PitaPita
Pita
PitaFrekuensi
Frekuensi SISKOMSAT
SISKOMSAT
Umum
Alokasi pitafrekuensi siskomsat diatur oleh ITU
(InternationalTelecommunicationUnion)di
Radiocommunication Regulation(RR).
Regulation (RR).
MSS:1.6/1.4GHz(Lband)
FSS:

6/4GHz(Cbandtermasuk Ext.Cband))
8/7GHz(Xband)
14/12 GH (K b d)
14/12GHz(Kuband)
30/20GHz(Kaband)
40/30(Vband)
/ (
)

CurrentoperationalorbitalslotforIndonesia:
z

Notified:

107.7E(S,ExtCandXband)
108E(Cband)
113E(ExtC,C andKuband)
118E(ExtCandCband)
123 E (L Ext C band)
123E(L,ExtCband)
146E(C andKuband)
150.5E(C andKuband)

Coordinated:
80.5E,110E,143E
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ITU Regionalisasi Frekuensi

ITURegionalisasiFrekuensi

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SatelliteFootprint
Satellite
Footprint
I4(Inmarsat)

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SatelliteFootprint
Satellite
Footprint
Palapa D

Thereasonswhythereissucha
y
satellitecommunicationregulation.

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Whataretherelationshipbetweenthe
What
are the relationship between the
regulationandoperation.

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Case Study
CaseStudy
ThecollisionbetweenIridiumand
Russiansatellite.
2LEOsatellites.
IridiumsatelliteandtheRussian
Iridium satellite and the Russian
Kosmos 2251spacecraft
Tuesday,around12:00pmEST
y
p
(1700GMT)
at790kilometersaboveSiberia
Impact:debrismayaffectISS,
Hubble,Iridiumsatellites

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The Structure of ITU

TheStructureofITU

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ITUPrinciples

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Radio Frequency Interference

Model
NormallyRFIhappensbetween
:
EarthStationandneighbor
satelliteontheUL.
FS(fixedservices)andearth
stationontheDL.
Internalinterferencedueto
power,polarization.Thismay
be caused by the non
becausedbythenon
performedequipmentor
networkdesign.

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TypesofInterference
Types
of Interference
ITURRArt.1
1.166
interference: The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of
emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system,
manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which
could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy.
1.167
permissible interference3: Observed or predicted interference which complies
with quantitative interference and sharing criteria contained in these Regulations or in ITU-R
Recommendations or in special agreements as provided for in these Regulations.
1 168
1.168
accepted interference3: Interference at a higher level than that defined as
permissible interference and which has been agreed upon between two or more
administrations without prejudice to other administrations.
1.169
harmful interference: Interference which endangers the functioning of a
radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or
repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio
Regulations (CS).
3. 1.167.1 and 1.168.1 The terms permissible interference and accepted interference
are used in the coordination of frequency assignments between administrations
administrations.
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InterferenceMitigation
f

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Regulasi
l i Siskomsat
ik
Indonesia
d
i
- UU No.
N 36 Thn
Th 1999 ttg
tt Telekomunikasi
T l k
ik i
- PP No. 52 Thn 2000 ttg Penyelenggaraan Telekomunikasi
- PP No. 53 Thn 2000 ttg
g Penggunaan
gg
Spektrum
p
Frekuensi
Radio dan Orbit Satelit
- PerMen Kominfo No. 13/P/M.KOMINFO/8/2005, ttg
Penyelenggaraan Telekomunikasi Yang Menggunakan
S t lit
Satelit
- PerMen Kominfo No. 37/P/M.KOMINFO/12/2006 - ttg
Perubahan
Atas
PerMen
Kominfo
No 13/P/M KOMINFO/8/2005
No.13/P/M.KOMINFO/8/2005
- PerDirjen Postel No.357/DIRJEN/2006 ttg Penerbitan ISR
untuk
Penyelenggaraan
Telekomunikasi
yang
Menggunakan Satelit
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