Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
= 2.75 m
b. OD base ring
= 3.5 m
= 140 mph
= 120 psi
f. berat kosong
= 20000 lb
g. berat operasi
= 40000 lb
2.75 m
h1
hT
3.5 m
Pw 0.0025.(140) 2 lb / ft 2
Pw 49lb / ft 2
V Pw.D.H
lb
x3.5mx15m
ft 2
lb
V 49 2 x11.483 ftx 49.213 ft
ft
V 27690.531lb
V 49
b. Moment
H
15m
7.5m
2
2
h1 24.6 ft
h1
M Pw.D, H .h1
M V .h1
M 27690.531lbx 24.606 ft
M 681353.2075.lb. ft
M T M hT .(V 0.5.Pw.D.hT )
lb
.3.5m.2.m)
ft 2
lb
681353.2075.lbft 6.562. ft .(27690.531.lb 0.5.49 2 .11.483 ft.6.562 ft )
ft
681353.2075.lb. ft 6.562 ft .(27690.531.lb 1846.1104 .lb)
M T 681353.2075.lb. ft 169591.088.lb. ft
M T 511762 .12.lb. ft
12.M T
R 2 .S .E
we know that the type of material used for the vessel is carbon steel
SA 105, 500oF. The value of S (see page 149) is 17500 psi. Where R
= 0.5 x OD shell and E = 85%.
W (operating )
S .c
c .ODshell
c .108.268in
c 339.962.in
40000.lb
lb
17500 2 .339.962.in
in
t 6.7234 x10 3.in
t
3. Vibration
As a result of wind tall towers develop vibration. The period of the vibration
should be limited, for large natural periods of vibration can lead to fatigue
failure. The allowable period has been computed from the maximum
permissible deflection.
a. Determine the actual period of vibration
H
T 0.0000265.
w.D
.
t
12.M T
W (operating )
2
.D.S .E
R . .S .E
12.511762 .12.lbin
40000.lb
t
2
(54.134.in ) .17500.0.6 .108.268.in.17500 lb .0.6
in 2
t 0.06356.in 0.011206 .in
t 0.074766.in
t
W
40000.lb
40000.lb
lb
67.733
H
15.m
590.551.in
in
H
T 0.0000265.
15.m
T 0.0000265.
2.75.m
T 0.13503.s
w.D
t
2.
67.733
lb
.108.2677.in
in
0.25.in
we are in the second seismic zone, thus the seismic coefficient (C)
will become 0.1 for T less than 0.4 s.
b. The maximum allowable period of vibration
From the calculation above, we got 0.1 for the seismic coefficient, so
the value of shell will be : V C.W = 0.1. 40000 lb = 4000 lb
Ta 0.8
W .H
V .g
40000.lb.49.213. ft
ft
4000.lb.32.2 2
s
Ta 3.12753.s
Ta 0.8.
4. Deflection
Pw.D.H .(12.H ) 3
8.E.I
Where D is width of tower with insulation (OD base ring (in)), I is moment of
inertia ( R 3 . .t ) and E is modulus elasticity, psi. Based on the table ( see
page 148 ) the value of E at temperature 500 oF is 26.8 x 106 psi.
I 54.134 .in. .0.25.in
3
I 124531.73.in 4
Pw.D.H .(12.H ) 3
8.E.I
lb
49 2 11.483. ft.49.213. ft.(12.49.213.in) 3
ft
M
lb
8. 26.810 6 2 124531.73.in 4
in
M 0.2136.in
M
49.213. ft .6.in
2.953.in
100. ft
The actual deflection is less than the maximum deflection, thus the design
for the thickness of shell is satisfactory already.
5. determine the number and size of anchor bolt
Vertical vessel and towers must be fastened to the concentrate foundation,
skid or other structural frame by means of anchor bolts and ring. The
number of anchor bolts must be in multiple of four and for tall towers, it is
preferred to use minimum eight bolts.
These are the following specification of anchor bolts we have :
= SA-325
= 3 m (118.11 in)
The number of anchor bolts (N) are about 18. The area within bolt circle is :
1
. .D 2
4
1
2
AB . .118 .11 .in
4
AB 10950.7281.in 2
AB
12.M
W
AB
CB
12.681353.2075lb.in
20000.lb
2
370.8654.in
10950.7281.in
lb
T 692.71
in
T
T .C B
S B .N
Where SB is the maximum allowable stress value of bolt material , the value
is 15000 psi.
lb
692.71 .370.8654.in
in
BA
lb
15000 2 18
in
B A 0.9515.in 2
Use 1 3/8 in2 bolt root area (see page 69 table A). adding 0.125 in for
corrosion, thus the size of anchor bolt which should be use is (1 3/8 + 2x
0.125) in2 equal to 1.625 in2
Evaluate the stress at anchor bolt (SB).
SB
T .C B
B A .N
lb
692.71 .370.8654.in
in
SB
1.625.in 2 .18
S B 8782.98. psi
SB doesnt exceed the maximum allowable stress (15000 psi), thus the
number and size of anchor bolt used are already satisfactory.
6. The thick and width of base ring.
The bearing surface of the base ring shall be large enough to distribute the
load uniformly on the concentrate foundation and thus not to exceed the
allowable bearing load of the foundation. The thickness of the base ring shall
resist the bending stress induced by wind of earthquake.
From the previous calculation we already have the value of M (moment
based upon the wind load) is approximately 681353.2075 lb.ft.
1
. .OD 2 skirt
4
1
2
As . 2.765 m
4
1
As . .(108.268.in) 2
4
As 9201.7385.in 2
As
Circumference on OD of skirt :
Cs .ODskirt
Cs .2.75.m
Cs .108.268.in
Cs 339.96.in
As
Cs
12.681353.2075.lb.in
40000.lb
Pc
2
339
.96.in
9201.7385in
lb
Pc (888.554 117 .661)
in
lb
Pc 1006.215
in
Pc
Pc
fb
1006.215
lb
in
lb
in 2
l 2.01243.in
500
We have the size of anchor bolt is 1.625 in 2. The minimum dimension for l2
is 2 1/8 in and for l3 is 1 5/8 in (see table B page 69).
= 2.125 in
l3
= 1.625
= 0.25 in
toleration = 1 in
l
= 5 in