8) The P-value is greater than any acceptable significance level .

Therefore, we do not reject the null

hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the standard deviation is less than
20 microamps.
b) 7) n = 51, s = 20

20 =

50(15.7) 2
= 30.81
400

P-value = P 2 < 30.81 ;

0.01 < P value < 0.025

8) The P-value is less than 0.05, therefore we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the standard
deviation is significantly less than 20 microamps.
c) Increasing the sample size increases the test statistic 20 and therefore decreases the P-value, providing
more evidence against the null hypothesis.

Mind Expanding Exercises

9-126

The parameter of interest is the true,.

H0 : = 0
H1 0

9-127

a) Reject H0 if z0 < -z- or z0 > z

X 0
X 0
X 0 X 0
<
= | = 0 ) + P(
>
| = 0 ) P
/ n
/ n
/ n / n
P( z0 < z ) + P( z0 > z ) = ( z ) + 1 ( z )
P(

= (( )) + (1 (1 )) =
b) = P(z

z when

1 = 0 + d )

or = P( z < Z 0 < z | 1 = 0 + )
= P( z <

x0

< z | 1 = 0 + )
2 /n

= P( z
< Z < z
)
2
/n
2 /n

= ( z
) ( z
)
2
/n
2 /n

9-128

1) The parameter of interest is the true mean number of open circuits, .

2) H0 : = 2
3) H1 : > 2
4) = 0.05
5) Since n>30 we can use the normal distribution
z0 =

/n

6) Reject H0 if z0 > z where z0.05 =1.65

7) x = 1038/500=2.076 n = 500

9-65

z0 =

2.076 2
2 / 500

= 1.202

8) Because 1.202 < 1.65, do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is insufficient evidence to
indicate that the true mean number of open circuits is greater than 2 at = 0.01

9-129 a) 1) The parameter of interest is the true standard deviation of the golf ball distance .
2) H0: = 10
3) H1: < 10
4) =0.05
5) Because n > 30 we can use the normal distribution
z0 =

S 0

02 /(2n)

6) Reject H0 if z0 < z where z0.05 =-1.65

7) s = 13.41 n = 100
z0 =

13.41 10
10 2 /(200)

= 4.82

8) Since 4.82 > -1.65, do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is insufficient evidence to indicate
that the true standard deviation is less than 10 at = 0.05

b) 95% percentile: =

+ 1.645
95% percentile estimator: = X + 1.645S

From the independence

SE () 2 / n + 1.645 2 2 /(2n)
The statistic S can be used as an estimator for in the standard error formula.
c) 1) The parameter of interest is the true 95th percentile of the golf ball distance .
2) H0: = 285
3) H1: < 285
4) = 0.05
5) Since n > 30 we can use the normal distribution
z0 =

0
SE ()

6) Reject H0 if z0 < -1.65

7)

= 282.36 , s = 13.41, n = 100

z0 =

282.36 285
13.412 / 100 + 1.645 213.412 / 200

= 1.283

8) Because -1.283 > -1.65, do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence to indicate that
the true is less than 285 at = 0.05

9-130

1) The parameter of interest is the true mean number of open circuits, .

2) H0 : = 0
3) H1 : 0
4) = 0.05
5) test statistic

9-66

02 =

2 X i 0
i =1

2 X i
i =1

6) Reject H0 if

>
2
0

2
a / 2, 2 n

or

02 < 12 a / 2, 2 n

7) compute

2 X i

and plug into

i =1

02 =

2 X i 0
i =1

2 X i
i =1

8) make conclusions

alternative hypotheses
1) H0 : = 0
H1 : > 0

Reject H0 if
2) H0 : = 0
H1 : < 0

Reject H0 if

02 > a2, 2 n

02 < a2, 2 n

9-67