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(PCV).
PSD - Pressure transmitters, logic, shutoff valves
(SDV).
ESD - Shutoff valves (SDV).
F&G - Fire and gas detectors, logic, alerting,
sprinkler systems, shutdown (SDV).
Pressure relief - valve (BDV), flare. In addition
mechanical pressure relief with pressure
depreciation load valve (PSV)
Typical safety systems on offshore installations are:
ESD (Emergency Shutdown system): typically
centralized in relation to the other, which are
distributed. Always going to work and be
functionally independent of the other systems.
PSD (Process Shutdown system). The same
function as a ESD. Can share the actuators with the
ESD. To have different/separate the control signals.
F&G (fire and gas system). Provide for the
detection of gas, smoke, fire and stands for fighting
BD (Pressure Relief). In case of high pressure the
excess gas is sent to the flare for burning off
PCS (Process Control System). Work with the
other systems.
On an offshore facility, you will usually find the
following safety systems/functions
The emergency shutdown system, "Emergency
Shutdown System" (ESD)
Fire and gas systems, "Fire and Gas" (F&G)
Process shutdown system, "Process Shutdown
System" (PSD)
Automatic or mechanical over pressure
2. Logic Solver
3. Shutdown valves (SDV), Fail to Close type, the purpose of this
valve is to isolate.
4. Blow down valves (BDV), Fail to Open type. The purpose of
this valve is to depressurize.
In practice the plant is usually divided into several isolable units that can
be depressurized and isolated.
The main objectives of the fire and gas system are to protect
personnel, environment, and plant (including equipment and
structures). The FGS shall achieve these objectives by:
Process shutdown (PSD) is defined as the automatic isolation and deactivation of all or part of a process. During a PSD the process remains
pressurized. Basically PSD consists of field-mounted sensors, valves
and trip relays, a system logic unit for processing of incoming signals,
alarm and HMI units. The system is able to process all input signals and
activating outputs in accordance with the applicable Cause and Effect
charts.
Typical actions from PSD systems are:
Shutdown the whole process;
Shutdown parts of the process;
Depressurize / Blow down parts of the process.
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) is shutdown to minimize the
consequences during emergency. ESD can be automatically initiated by
load shedding functions or manually by the operator through push
button on the panel. ESD will shutdown and isolate all designated
process related equipment, including inlet and outlet ESD valves.
Depends on each project some plant will allow the power generation,
utilities, and fuel gas system keep running during this condition.
Typical actions from ESD systems are:
Shutdown of part systems and equipment;
Isolate hydrocarbon inventories;
Resetting philosophy
Further to a shutdown, the related ESD levels need to be
individually and manually reset by the Operation Console operator.
The ESD level can be reset only if the upper ESD level is in normal
condition.
Resetting sequence is as follows :
The operator is informed on the ESD and process displays
that the ESD level can be reset
ESD level alarm return to normal conditions only when all ESD
causes have disappeared or have been inhibited and the ESD
level reset is carried out on the ESD display of theOperation
Console
Field equipment reset
StartupandMaintenanceinhibit/Override
In order to be able to start-up equipment or sections process, it is
necessary to inhibit some inputs to the ESD system, as sensor signal
may be in abnormal state prior to start-up and could cause a shutdown.
Such inhibits are designated as "start-up inhibits".
While Maintenanceinhibitsaresetfromthemaintenance/inhibitconsolefor
maintenancepurpose
1.
1.
2.
This type of logic usually have 1 signals output and 3 input status that
are shown in the control room,
Input:
keyswitch Maintenance Override "Enable"
Maintenance Override Command "Changed"
Output:
Maintenance Override Status "Accepted"
The logic are:
Maintenance Override Status "Accepted" activated if Keyswitch
maintenance override and Override Command is activated
Maintenance Override Status "Accepted"is deactivated. If Keyswitch
maintenance override is deactivated and Master Reset is activated
Sample of the logic is shown below: