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GCSE in BIOLOGY
Contents
Page
Unit 1
Question Paper (Foundation Tier)
27
Mark Schemes
47
Assessment Grids
61
Unit 2
Question Paper (Foundation Tier)
65
81
Mark Schemes
97
Assessment Grids
111
Unit 3
Question Paper (Foundation Tier)
115
129
Mark Schemes
143
Assessment Grids
157
Controlled Assessment
161
Candidate Name
Centre Number
Candidate Number
0
GCSE
BIOLOGY
FOUNDATION TIER (Grades G-C)
BIOLOGY 1 Adaptation, evolution and body maintenance
SPECIMEN PAPER
(1 hour)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this
page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written
communication used in your answer to question 11.
1.
Lemmings are small mammals that are found in the Arctic. Their main predator is the
Arctic fox.
The graph shows the population of lemmings and Arctic foxes between 1988 and
2002.
(a)
What happened to the number of lemmings when the number of Arctic foxes
was at its lowest?
Suggest a reason.
[2]
Answer ........................................................................
Reason ..............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
State two reasons for lemming numbers decreasing naturally, other than
predation.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
2.
Carbon dioxide gas constantly passes into and out of the air.
(a)
Complete the boxes in the diagram of the carbon cycle by choosing the
correct terms from the list below.
feeding,
(b)
photosynthesis,
respiration,
[3]
burning.
Scientists think too much carbon dioxide is going into the atmosphere.
Suggest how humans can help to reduce this problem.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3.
The map shows the world distribution of both the Arctic and Fennec foxes and the
mean annual temperatures where these animals are found. The Arctic fox is found
throughout the Arctic and sub-Arctic tundra whilst the Fennec fox is found in the
Sahara and Arabian deserts.
Using the information given, compare the features of both the Arctic and Fennec
foxes and explain how the features allow them to survive in their environments.
[3]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
4.
(a)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Suggest two reasons why the plants showed variation in height after six
weeks.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
(i)
[1]
genetic
environmental
genetic and environmental
(ii)
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
5.
(a)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
British researchers are to carry out large scale trials of a new gene therapy for
cystic fibrosis.
The treatment involves inhaling a fine spray of liposomes into the airways of
the lungs.
The diagram below shows the process.
(i)
In early use of gene therapy for treating cystic fibrosis it was very
difficult to get the normal gene into the cells lining the lungs. How
does this new method overcome this problem?
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(ii)
6.
The diagram below (not drawn to scale) shows how soya bean plants have been
genetically modified (GM) so that they are resistant to a herbicide (weedkiller) called
'Roundup'.
(a)
State why the GM soya plant develops resistance to the weedkiller 'Roundup'.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
GM winter rape
GM beet
GM maize
fewer
fewer
more
more
more
more
Wildlife
(i)
(ii)
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
7.
An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of alcohol on reaction times.
A 100cm rule was placed above the finger and thumb of an adult volunteer as shown.
When released, the rule fell downwards between the finger and thumb. The
volunteer was asked to catch the rule as soon as possible after its release. The
distance travelled by the rule before it was caught was recorded. Just before each
test, except for the last one, the volunteer drank one unit of alcohol. The maximum
amount of alcohol the body can get rid of is one unit per hour.
Here are the results:
Time from start / minutes
20
11
40
15
60
23
80
30
100
42
120
75
(a)
Explain how the results show that drinking alcohol before driving could be
dangerous.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Sima said that if the volunteer had drunk the same units spread equally over
a 6 hour period then there would not have been any effect. Do you agree
with Sima? Explain your answer.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
Suggest one improvement to the method which would have increased the
confidence in the results.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
8.
In North Wales there is a lake which is used for leisure activities such as fishing and
water sports. The surrounding land had nitrate-based fertiliser added to it. As a
result, the natural ecosystem has altered. It led to an increased population of insects
called midges which breed in the lake and feed on water plants.
The insects were sprayed with a pesticide which killed 99% of them. The population
recovered within 3 years. Now the pesticide has no effect on them.
Small fish ate the midges and were found to have 200 parts per million (p.p.m.) of
pesticide in their bodies. Eventually it resulted in the deaths of over 1000 birds which
ate small fish in the area. The birds had 1600 p.p.m. of the pesticide in their bodies.
(a)
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
The amount of dissolved oxygen in the lake has decreased over the last few
years. If this continues, suggest how leisure activities on the lake would be
affected.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
Explain the difference in the level of pesticides in the fish and the birds.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
9.
In 2008 some year 11 students investigated the level of pollution in a stream running
through a small town in South Wales. They had the information in Table A.
They sampled a 10 m length of the stream for the presence of four indicator species.
Their results are shown in the bar chart below, along with earlier results from the
same stream.
Table A
Indicator species
Pollution Level
Mayfly nymph
Clean
Low
Water louse
High
Sludgeworm
Very high
2000
(a)
2004
2008
Year
What can you conclude from the results about the level of pollution in the
stream? Give your reasons.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Sludgeworm
Water louse
Mayfly nymph
Sludgeworm
Water louse
Sludgeworm
10
15
Mayfly nymph
Number
Water
louse
20
(b)
Nona said that these samples should be taken at the same time each year
but Rhys said it doesnt matter.
State who you think is right, giving a reason.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
State one other non-biological factor that could be measured and used as
an indicator of the level of pollution in the stream.
[1]
....................................................................
10.
Seven types of foxes are listed below. Their scientific names are given next to their
common names.
(a)
Common name
Scientific name
Arctic fox
Alopex lagopus
European fox
Vulpes vulpes
Bat-eared fox
Otocyon megalotis
Fennec fox
Fennecus zerda
Sand fox
Vulpes velox
Grey fox
Urocyon cinereoargentus
Kit fox
Vulpes ruppelli
State three foxes which you would expect to have the most similar DNA.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
In the 18th century Carl Linnaeus developed the system of giving all living
organisms a two word scientific name.
How does this system help scientists in different countries who are studying
these animals?
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
11.
Describe and explain how the blood vessels and sweat glands help to control body
temperature in hot conditions.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
12.
An investigation was carried out into the energy content of three different types of
foods using apparatus A and apparatus B. The change in temperature of the water
was measured using a thermometer in A and B. The rise in temperature was used to
calculate the energy released by the food, in kilojoules.
(a)
Apparatus A
Apparatus B
Carbohydrate
10.3
19.3
Fat
21.0
28.0
Protein
10.4
19.3
Use the diagram to explain the higher numbers in the results for apparatus B.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Why is it important to the health of people that the labels on food containers
give information about energy content?
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
13.
The result of this cross were plants (F1) that only produced round coated seeds.
Mendel explained this by saying that pea plants passed on factors (alleles) from one
generation to the next. He also said the factor for round seeds is dominant over the
factor for wrinkled seeds.
Use the information in the passage and your knowledge to answer the following
questions.
(a)
Complete the Punnett square to show the genotypes produced in this cross.
F1
gametes
[2]
(b)
(i)
Mendel then crossed two of these F1 plants together. Draw your own
Punnett square and complete it to show the genotypes of the offspring
that would be produced.
[2]
(ii)
[1]
When Mendel carried out the cross shown on the previous page he repeated
the experiment hundreds of times. These are some of the results he
obtained:
Number of seeds obtained
Experiment
number
Round
Wrinkled
27
24
32
11
74
24
17
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Candidate Name
Centre Number
Candidate Number
0
GCSE
BIOLOGY
HIGHER TIER (Grades D-A*)
BIOLOGY 1 Adaptation, evolution and body maintenance
SPECIMEN PAPER
(1 hour)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this
page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written
communication used in your answers to questions 3 and 11.
1.
In 2008 some year 11 students investigated the level of pollution in a stream running
through a small town in South Wales. They had the information in Table A.
They sampled a 10 m length of the stream for the presence of four indicator species.
Their results are shown in the bar chart below, along with earlier results from the
same stream.
Table A
Indicator species
Pollution Level
Mayfly nymph
Clean
Low
Water louse
High
Sludgeworm
Very high
2000
(a)
2004
Year
Sludgeworm
Water louse
Mayfly nymph
Sludgeworm
Water louse
10
Sludgeworm
15
Mayfly nymph
Number
Water
louse
20
2008
What can you conclude from the results about the level of pollution in the
stream? Give your reasons.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Nona said that these samples should be taken at the same time each year
but Rhys said it doesnt matter.
State who you think is right, giving a reason.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
State one other non-biological factor that could be measured and used as
an indicator of the level of pollution in the stream.
[1]
....................................................................
2.
Seven types of foxes are listed below. Their scientific names are given next to their
common names.
(a)
Common name
Scientific name
Arctic fox
Alopex lagopus
European fox
Vulpes vulpes
Bat-eared fox
Otocyon megalotis
Fennec fox
Fennecus zerda
Sand fox
Vulpes velox
Grey fox
Urocyon cinereoargentus
Kit fox
Vulpes ruppelli
State three foxes which you would expect to have the most similar DNA.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
In the 18th century Carl Linnaeus developed the system of giving all living
organisms a two word scientific name.
How does this system help scientists in different countries who are studying
these animals?
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3.
Describe and explain how the blood vessels and sweat glands help to control body
temperature in hot conditions.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
4.
An investigation was carried out into the energy content of three different types of
foods using apparatus A and apparatus B. The change in temperature of the water
was measured using a thermometer in A and B. The rise in temperature was used to
calculate the energy released by the food, in kilojoules.
(a)
Apparatus A
Apparatus B
Carbohydrate
10.3
19.3
Fat
21.0
28.0
Protein
10.4
19.3
Use the diagram to explain the higher numbers in the results for apparatus B.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Why is it important to the health of people that the labels on food containers
give information about energy content?
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
5.
The result of this cross were plants (F1) that only produced round coated seeds.
Mendel explained this by saying that pea plants passed on factors (alleles) from one
generation to the next. He also said the factor for round seeds is dominant over the
factor for wrinkled seeds.
Use the information in the passage and your knowledge to answer the following
questions.
(a)
Complete the Punnett square to show the genotypes produced in this cross.
F1
gametes
[2]
(b)
(i)
Mendel then crossed two of these F1 plants together. Draw your own
Punnett square and complete it to show the genotypes of the offspring
that would be produced.
[2]
(ii)
[1]
When Mendel carried out the cross shown on the previous page he repeated
the experiment hundreds of times. These are some of the results he
obtained:
Number of seeds obtained
Experiment
number
Round
Wrinkled
27
24
32
11
74
24
17
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
6.
The Government asked scientists to investigate whether the culling (controlled killing)
of badgers would reduce the number of cases of bTB in cattle herds.
These are the conclusions of two of the reports:
"badger culling can make no meaningful contribution to bTB control in Britain"
(Bourne Report 2007)
"the removal of badgers could make a significant contribution to the control of bTB ..."
(King Report 2007)
the Bourne report concluded that culling badgers would have no effect on
bTB control;
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
the King report concluded that culling badgers would have an effect on bTB
control.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
Using the information, suggest why some organisations object to the culling of
badgers in an attempt to control bTB.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
7.
The map shows the main pollution levels in some rivers which enter the North Sea.
(a)
Use the data on the map to suggest how agriculture and industry cause water
pollution.
(i)
Agriculture
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(ii)
Industry
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Explain, in detail, why this river would have the lowest concentration of
oxygen.
[4]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(c)
It was noted that many birds that eat fish have been found dead near the
mouth of the rivers Elbe and Rhine.
Suggest two possible reasons for the death of these birds.
[2]
(i)
................................................................................................................
(ii)
................................................................................................................
8.
The diagram shows the flow of energy through a food chain in kilojoules per square
metre per year.
(a)
(b)
Some energy is lost at points A and B. State two ways in which this energy
could be lost.
[2]
(i)
................................................................................................................
(ii)
................................................................................................................
Energy received
(kJm-2y-1)
Energy passed on
(kJm-2y-1)
Percentage
efficiency of energy
transferred
Barley
1 000 000
3000
0.3
Cow
[1]
(c)
Explain why it would be more efficient for humans to eat barley rather than
meat from cows.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
9.
Warfarin has been used as a poison to kill rats which compete with humans for
stored grain.
(a)
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
10.
Some plants, like the pitcher plant shown below, collect rain water in their modified
cup-like leaves.
Insects and small frogs collect in the water.
The dead and decaying insects and other animals contain protein. The frogs which
live in the water excrete urea.
(a)
Use your knowledge of the nitrogen cycle to explain how nitrate, used by the
plant, can be produced in the water in the cup-like leaves.
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Scientists have investigated the processes taking place in the cup-like leaves.
They took samples of liquid from the cup-like leaves and added them to urea
in two specimen tubes as shown in the diagrams.
The specimen tubes were kept at 25C for 12 hours.
At the start of the investigation the indicator paper in both specimen tubes
was yellow. After 12 hours, the indicator paper in A was green, but in B it
was still yellow.
(i)
Explain how the results for tube B suggest that an enzyme was
responsible for the change in tube A.
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(ii)
Suggest the type of organism which could produce the enzyme which
acted on the urea.
[1]
................................................................
11.
Describe and explain how negative feedback mechanisms regulate the level of
glucose in the blood.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
MARK SCHEMES
2.
Phonetic spelling is allowed except where there is a possibility that scientific terms
might be confused.
3.
When candidates list alternative answers to short answer questions, the general
principle to be followed is: right + wrong = no mark. In a question requiring a set
number of responses, where a candidate has supplied extra responses above the
required number each error/contradiction negates one correct response, however
responses considered neutral (ie not incorrect) are not penalised.
4.
The principle of error carried forward is generally applied where an incorrect value
calculated in one part of a question is treated as being correct for the purposes of
subsequent parts.
5.
When marking calculations, substitution into an incorrect equation is not credited and
hence subsequent calculations within that section will score zero.
6.
Alternative answers are accepted even if not noted on the marking scheme as long
as they are appropriate, correct and valid in the context of the science. Note that in
some cases specific terms are a requirement. Any uncertainty about the acceptability
of an answer is clarified by consultation with the Principal examiner or Team Leader.
7.
Marking Quality of Written Communication: The marking scheme for these questions
includes indicative content which gives the outline of the content of a good answer.
Candidates should generally cover most, if not quite all, of the points in the indicative
content to achieve the highest mark band on these questions and if candidates
present alternative valid approaches these are equally acceptable. The tests to be
applied are coherence, which is expressed well scientifically, as well as
completeness and correct science at an appropriate level.
8.
(a)
(b)
2.
(a)
(b)
[1]
[1]
[2]
Question Total
[4]
[3]
less deforestation
or use alternative energy generation/fewer flights or equivalent valid point
e.g. use cars less often/less fuel.
[1]
Question Total
3.
[4]
Reference to:
Ear length smaller the ears the less heat lost through them.
[1]
[3]
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
[1]
plants nearest the wall/some plants had less sun or light/more shade
less water
cooler temperature or converse
(not: nutrients/chemicals) (i.e. two from light/water/temperature)
[2]
(i)
environmental
[1]
(ii)
they had the same genes/DNA (or similar statement) / they are a
clone (not: ref. to growth conditions unqual.)
[1]
Question Total
5.
(a)
(b)
(ii)
6.
[5]
[1]
[1]
[1]
Question Total
[3]
(a)
because it now contains/has the gene for herbicide resistance from the weed
(not: have inherited gene from weed)
[1]
(b)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
can spray the soya without harming it to reduce weeds
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
there would be greater yield of crop because there is less competition (from
weeds)
[1]
allow: ref. to finance/ probably uses less herbicide
(not: doesn't damage environment unqual)
(c)
(i)
(GM) winter rape and (GM) beet (both needed for mark)
[1]
(ii)
[1]
Question Total
[5]
7.
(a)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
alcohol increases reaction time/reactions become slower as more alcohol
is taken
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
leading to impairment of judgement/reduced concentration so increasing risk
of accidents
[1]
(not: reaction time becomes slower)
(b)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
(Agree with Sima because)
in the experiment 6 units were consumed but the body can get rid of one unit
per hour
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
therefore if 6 units were taken over 6 hours then no effect would be shown as
6 units would be got rid of in this time/owtte
[1]
(c)
[1]
Question Total
8.
(a)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
nutrients/nitrates from fertiliser
[5]
[1]
The second and third marks can only be awarded if the candidate coherently
and correctly links each consequence to the point above it e.g.
which caused more plant growth
[1]
therefore more food for midges
[1]
(b)
(c)
[1]
Two marks can be awarded for two correct and relevant points e.g.
pesticide not broken down/excreted/persistent in body
it enters food chain/food web or description of chain/web
[1]
[1]
The third mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and correctly
links the consequence to the point above it e.g.
so becomes more concentrated/builds up/increases in body more so
[1]
in birds which are further up the food chain
Question Total
9.
[7]
(a)
(b)
(c)
[1]
[5]
10.
(a)
European fox, Sand fox and Kit fox (or scientific names)
[1]
(b)
[1]
Question Total
11.
Indicative content:
In hot conditions the blood vessels get wider/dilate (or vasodilation occurs), so the
vessels carry more blood and therefore carry more heat. Sweat glands produce
more sweat which evaporates which takes energy. Therefore more energy / heat is
lost / heat lost faster / radiated which cools the body.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
The candidate does not make any attempt or give a relevant answer
worthy of credit.
Question Total
12.
[2]
[6]
(a)
Three features in the diagrams plus a correct reason clearly linked to each.
the results are higher in B because:
insulation is present which reduces heat loss (not: no heat loss)
[1]
the stirrer gives an even distribution of heat
[1]
any other suitable e.g. more complete burning of food because oxygen
is fed in; crumbling increases surface area so more complete burning takes
place
[1]
(b)
[4]
13.
(a)
gametes
r
r
R
Rr
Rr
R
Rr
Rr
Gametes correct
Genotypes correct using gametes given by candidate.
(b)
(c)
(i)
gametes
R
r
R
RR
Rr
[1]
[1]
r
Rr
rr
Gametes correct
Genotypes correct using gametes given by candidate.
(Allow consequential error)
[1]
[1]
(ii)
[1]
(iii)
[1]
[1]
[7]
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
2.
(a)
(i)
European fox, Sand fox and Kit fox (or scientific names)
(b)
3.
[1]
[5]
[1]
[1]
[2]
Indicative content:
In hot conditions the blood vessels get wider/dilate (or vasodilation occurs), so the
vessels carry more blood and therefore carry more heat. Sweat glands produce
more sweat which evaporates which takes energy. Therefore more energy / heat is
lost / heat lost faster / radiated which cools the body.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
The candidate does not make any attempt or give a relevant answer
worthy of credit.
Question Total
[6]
4.
(a)
Three features in the diagrams plus a correct reason clearly linked to each.
The results are higher in B because:
Insulation is present which reduces heat loss (not: no heat loss).
[1]
The stirrer gives an even distribution of heat.
[1]
Any other suitable e.g. more complete burning of food because oxygen
is fed in; crumbling increases surface area so more complete burning takes
place
[1]
(b)
5.
(a)
gametes
r
r
R
Rr
Rr
R
Rr
Rr
Gametes correct
Genotypes correct using gametes given by candidate.
(b)
(c)
(i)
gametes
R
r
R
RR
Rr
[4]
[1]
[1]
r
Rr
rr
Gametes correct
Genotypes correct using gametes given by candidate.
(Allow consequential error)
[1]
[1]
(ii)
[1]
(iii)
[1]
[1]
[7]
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
[1]
[1]
[1]
Question Total
7.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
[3]
[1]
[1]
(i)
Rhine
[1]
(ii)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
it has the most/highest nitrate/nitrogen OR phosphate
[1]
8.
[1]
[1]
[9]
(a)
(b)
[1]
(c)
[1]
The other two marks can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links each consequence to the point above it e.g.
by eating barley there are fewer steps/stages compared to eating meat;
[1]
so more energy/food available/ ref. figures.
[1]
(d)
[1]
[7]
9.
(a)
Three marks can be awarded for three correct and relevant points e.g.
a mutation occurred/was present
[1]
which allowed some rats to resist the effects of/were not killed by warfarin [1]
these survived to reproduce
[1]
The fourth mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above it e.g.
therefore pass on genes/mutation to their offspring which continued to have
an advantage in the population
[1]
(b)
10.
(a)
[1]
[1]
[6]
[1]
The second and third marks can only be awarded if the candidate coherently
and correctly links each process to the point above it e.g.
which change protein/urea from animals in the water to ammonium
compounds
(allow: ammonia/ amino acids)
[1]
which are changed to nitrates (by (nitrifying) bacteria)
[1]
(b)
(i)
[1]
(ii)
Bacteria/decomposers
(not: ref. nitrifying/denitrifying)
[1]
Question Total
[5]
11.
Indicative content:
A rise in glucose concentration in the blood causes the pancreas to secrete more
insulin. The insulin increases the uptake of glucose by the cells and causes the liver
to convert glucose to glycogen. This reduces the level of glucose in the blood.
When the glucose level falls too low there is a decrease in insulin production by the
pancreas. The pancreas releases glucagon which stimulates the breakdown of
glycogen. These effects increase the level of glucose in the blood. The balance
between these effects keeps the concentration of glucose in the blood within
normal/optimum limits.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
The candidate does not make any attempt or give a relevant answer
worthy of credit.
Question Total
[6]
ASSESSMENT GRIDS
Specimen assessment
FOUNDATION TIER
B1 - Adaptation, evolution and
body maintenance
Question
Number
1. (a)
(b)
2. (a)
(b)
3.
Assessment Objective
AO1
AO2
AO3
24
21
15
2
3
1
(c)
5. (a)
4. (a)
60
1 (c)
Total
Mark
(b)
4 (a)
(b) (i)
4 (d), 7 (f)
(ii)
6. (a)
(b)
(c) (i)
3 (i) (j)
(ii)
7. (a)
(b)
6 (b), 7 (c)
(c)
8. (a)
(b)
2 (b) (d)
(c)
9. (a)
1
2
(b)
1
1
2 (c)
(c)
10. (a)
1 (b)
(b)
11.
6 (g)
12. (a)
7 (a) (b)
(b)
1
4
2
1
6
2
13. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
2
1
3 (g) (h)
(iii)
(c)
1
Raw Totals:
23
23
14
60
HSW
QWC
Question
Number
1. (a)
(b)
(c)
2. (a)
(b)
3.
4. (a)
(b)
5. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
6. (a)
(b)
(c)
7. (a) (i)
(ii)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c)
8. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
9. (a)
(b)
10. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
11.
Assessment Objective
AO1
24
AO2
21
AO3
15
1
1
2 (c)
Total
Mark
60
1
1 (b)
6 (g)
7 (a) (b)
1
1
4
2
1
2
6
2
2
2
3 (g) (h)
1
1
1
1
1
2 (b)
1
1
2 (d)(e)
2
1
2
2 (f) (g)
5 (c)(d)
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
2
1
2 (l) (m)
6(h)
1
5
Raw Totals:
26
21
5
6
13
60
HSW
QWC
Candidate Name
Centre Number
Candidate Number
0
GCSE
BIOLOGY
FOUNDATION TIER (Grades G-C)
BIOLOGY 2 Cells and metabolism, digestion and respiration,
biodiversity
SPECIMEN PAPER
(1 hour)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this
page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written
communication used in your answers to question 9(b).
1.
(a)
[1]
...........................................
(b)
Apart from numbers of chromosomes, give one other benefit of meiosis for
the production of gametes.
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
2.
(a)
(b)
State three factors, other than time, which should be kept constant in this
investigation.
[3]
(i)
...........................................................
(ii)
...........................................................
(iii)
..........................................................
(i)
From the results, which temperature would you recommend for use
with this washing powder?
[1]
...........................................
(ii)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(iii)
Give two ways in which you could improve the level of confidence that
this is the best temperature to use.
[2]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
3.
The apparatus below is used to show that heat energy is produced by germinating
peas.
(a)
Three thermos flasks, A, B, and C, were set up as shown in the table below.
The temperature of each flask was noted over 5 days.
Temperature in C
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Flask A - live
germinating peas
20.0
20.5
23.5
23.7
24.2
Flask B - dead
peas
20.0
20.0
28.5
31.0
38.0
Flask C - dead,
disinfected peas
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
(i)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(ii)
The peas in flask B were dead so why did the temperature increase?
[2]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(b)
(i)
(ii)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
4.
Green leaves of four different sizes were placed in tubes, as shown in the diagram,
and left in the light. Each tube contained an equal quantity of an indicator which
changes from red to purple when it becomes less acidic. The presence of carbon
dioxide increases acidity.
The time taken for the indicator to change from red to purple in each tube is recorded
in the table below.
(a)
Leaf size
Small
63
Medium
47
Large
26
Very large
18
Explain how a biological process in the leaves caused the indicator to change
from red to purple.
[3]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(b)
Give a reason why the indicator in the tube with the largest leaf changed
colour the quickest.
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
(c)
After 60 minutes which tube would be expected to contain the most oxygen?
Underline the correct answer.
[1]
The tube with the:
small leaf
medium leaf
large leaf
very large leaf
(d)
If the apparatus was kept in the dark for several hours, which tube would
contain the most oxygen at the end of the period?
Underline the correct answer.
The tube with the:
small leaf
medium leaf
large leaf
very large leaf
[1]
5.
(a)
(b)
The table below shows some of the contents of inhaled and exhaled air.
Gas
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
(i)
[3]
20
15
0.03
[2]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(ii)
[2]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
6.
The kakapo is a flightless parrot found only in New Zealand. It lives and nests on the
ground.
In 2002 there were 86 kakapo alive in New Zealand. They were all under the
protective care of the Department of Conservation and the kakapo was classed as
extinct in the wild.
The diagram below shows the mammals introduced into New Zealand by people and
how these animals interact with the kakapo.
(a)
Using only the information given, state two reasons why the number of
kakapo fell before they were taken into protective care.
[2]
1. ......................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
(b)
[1]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(c)
[1]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
7.
The diagrams show two potato cylinders after they had been left for 24 hours in
different solutions. At the beginning of the experiment they both looked like
diagram A.
(a)
[4]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(b)
State how you could make the cylinder in B change back to the way it looked
at the beginning of the experiment.
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
8.
(a)
[1]
(b)
[3]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(c)
[4]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
9.
The activity of the enzyme carbohydrase on starch can be investigated using the
following apparatus which measures the amount of light passing through the
solution.
The solution in the boiling tube consisted of starch, carbohydrase and iodine.
The following graph appeared on the computer screen at the end of the investigation.
(a)
Iodine is used to test for starch. In the presence of starch, iodine changes
colour from
..................................................... to .....................................................
(b)
[1]
Describe and explain the results seen in the graph by referring to the
expected colour changes and reactions taking place in the boiling tube.
[6 QWC]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(c)
(d)
On the graph, draw a line to show what result you would expect if boiled,
cooled carbohydrase was used with a solution of starch and iodine.
[1]
Describe a test that you would carry out to show the end product of the
reaction taking place in the boiling tube.
[2]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
10.
(a)
[2]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(b)
(i)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(ii)
State one harmful effect that floating pennywort could have on native
wildlife.
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(c)
In Florida, the southern army worm is known to eat floating pennywort and in
Argentina there is a weevil (an insect) that only eats floating pennywort.
What advice would you give the Environment Agency about the dangers of
introducing these organisms into Britain as methods of biological control
against floating pennywort?
[2]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Candidate Name
Centre Number
Candidate Number
0
GCSE
BIOLOGY
HIGHER TIER (Grades D-A*)
BIOLOGY 2 Cells and metabolism, digestion and respiration,
biodiversity
SPECIMEN PAPER
(1 hour)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this
page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written
communication used in your answers to questions 2(b) and 7.
1.
(a)
[1]
(b)
[3]
..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(c)
[4]
..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
2.
The activity of the enzyme carbohydrase on starch can be investigated using the
following apparatus which measures the amount of light passing through the
solution.
The solution in the boiling tube consisted of starch, carbohydrase and iodine.
The following graph appeared on the computer screen at the end of the investigation.
(a)
Iodine is used to test for starch. In the presence of starch, iodine changes
colour from
..................................................... to .....................................................
(b)
[1]
Describe and explain the results seen in the graph by referring to the
expected colour changes and reactions taking place in the boiling tube.
[6 QWC]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(c)
(d)
On the graph, draw a line to show what result you would expect if boiled,
cooled carbohydrase was used with a solution of starch and iodine.
[1]
Describe a test that you would carry out to show the end product of the
reaction taking place in the boiling tube.
[2]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
3.
(a)
[2]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(b)
(i)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(ii)
State one harmful effect that floating pennywort could have on native
wildlife.
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(c)
In Florida, the southern army worm is known to eat floating pennywort and in
Argentina there is a weevil (an insect) that only eats floating pennywort.
What advice would you give the Environment Agency about the dangers of
introducing these organisms into Britain as methods of biological control
against floating pennywort?
[2]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4.
(a)
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(b)
Explain how the stem cells have helped to repair the tendon.
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(c)
The use of human embryonic stem cells is regulated because this kind of
stem cell comes from human embryos. Why are many people concerned
about using stem cells from human embryos whilst others are in favour.
Give one reason for using embryos and one reason against.
[2]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
5.
Maple leaves were analysed for their sugar and starch content over a 24 hour period.
The data, together with the light intensity readings, are shown in the chart below.
Time
(a)
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(b)
Sugar and starch are products of photosynthesis. Suggest why the level of
sugar in the leaf is highest at night.
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(c)
(i)
Choose the time you would expect to find the highest concentration of
oxygen in the air at the surface of the leaf.
Tick ( ) one box only.
[1]
Time
Tick
Midnight
4 am
8 am
12 Noon
4 pm
8 pm
(ii)
[3]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
6.
The following experiment was carried out to show the effect of ethanol (alcohol) on
yeast when it fermented glucose anaerobically.
The sterile syringes were prepared as shown in the diagram and left for 1 hour. At
the end of the hour, the distance the liquid in the glass tube moved in each syringe
was measured.
(a)
Explain
(i)
[2]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(ii)
(iii)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(b)
Syringe 1
Syringe 2
40
30
10
50
100
16
60
220
20
[1]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7.
The following advert for Joy's cigarettes appeared in a newspaper more than 100
years ago.
This advert would not appear in modern newspapers. Describe how and why
attitudes to smoking have changed.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
8.
The first contact lenses to be developed were made of glass. The diagram shows
what happened when a glass contact lens was put on the eye.
The diagram shows water entering the cornea of the eye by osmosis.
Define osmosis.
[2]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(b)
[4]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
9.
There are several methods of sampling animals or plants in their natural habitats.
(a)
[2]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(b)
In this investigation, what data would you need to record and how
could it be used to estimate the size of the trout population?
[4]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(ii)
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(II) movement of individuals into the area studied?
[1]
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
MARK SCHEMES
2.
Phonetic spelling is allowed except where there is a possibility that scientific terms
might be confused.
3.
When candidates list alternative answers to short answer questions, the general
principle to be followed is: right + wrong = no mark. In a question requiring a set
number of responses, where a candidate has supplied extra responses above the
required number each error/contradiction negates one correct response, however
responses considered neutral (ie not incorrect) are not penalised.
4.
The principle of error carried forward is generally applied where an incorrect value
calculated in one part of a question is treated as being correct for the purposes of
subsequent parts.
5.
When marking calculations, substitution into an incorrect equation is not credited and
hence subsequent calculations within that section will score zero.
6.
Alternative answers are accepted even if not noted on the marking scheme as long
as they are appropriate, correct and valid in the context of the science. Note that in
some cases specific terms are a requirement. Any uncertainty about the acceptability
of an answer is clarified by consultation with the Principal examiner or Team Leader.
7.
Marking Quality of Written Communication: The marking scheme for these questions
includes indicative content which gives the outline of the content of a good answer.
Candidates should generally cover most, if not quite all, of the points in the indicative
content to achieve the highest mark band on these questions and if candidates
present alternative valid approaches these are equally acceptable. The tests to be
applied are coherence, which is expressed well scientifically, as well as
completeness and correct science at an appropriate level.
8.
(a)
34
[1]
(b)
genetic composition of daughter cells is not identical to mother cell/ owtte [1]
Question total
2.
(a)
same material
concentration of solution/volume or quantity of powder or enzyme or water;
pH/acidity/alkalinity
quantity/thickness/area of stain
[3]
(Any 3)
(b)
(i)
35oC
[1]
(ii)
[1]
[1]
[1]
(iii)
Question total
3.
[2]
(a)
(b)
[7]
(i)
the peas are carrying out respiration and so are giving off heat
[1]
(ii)
[1]
[1]
(i)
[1]
(ii)
Question total
[5]
4.
(a)
Two marks can be awarded for two correct and relevant points e.g.
photosynthesis (is taking place)
which removes / absorbs / uses CO2
(not: ref. to respiration)
[1]
[1]
The third mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and correctly
links the consequence to the point above e.g.
so less acidity / more alkaline/owtte.
[1]
(b)
(c)
[1]
(d)
small leaf
[1]
Question total
5.
[6]
(a)
A.
B.
C.
rib
bronchus
alveolus
[1]
[1]
[1]
(b)
(i)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
oxygen diffuses from alveoli/ lung
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
into blood so less is in air breathed out
[1]
(allow: used for (1) respiration (1))
(ii)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
carbon dioxide diffuses from blood
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
into alveoli/lung so more is in air breathed out
[1]
(allow: CO2 produced (1) in respiration (1))
Question total
6.
(a)
[7]
[1]
[1]
(b)
[1]
(c)
[1]
Question total
[4]
7.
(a)
(b)
Three marks can be awarded for three correct and relevant points e.g.
water passes out of the cells (not: ref. to solution or liquid)
from high water potential to low or correct description e.g. from where
it is in high concentration to where it is in low concentration/water passes
down a concentration gradient
through a selectively permeable membrane
[1]
[1]
The fourth mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the points above e.g.
this causes a loss of support/potato becomes less firm /flaccid/becomes
soft so it bends
[1]
[1]
Question total
8.
(a)
pancreas
large intestine
[1]
[5]
[1]
(b)
[1]
[1]
[1]
(c)
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
Question total
[8]
9.
(a)
(b)
Indicative content:
[1]
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
(c)
(d)
[1]
Add Benedicts
[1]
[1]
[10]
10.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[6]
(a)
pancreas
large intestine
[1]
(b)
[1]
[1]
[1]
(b)
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
Question total
2.
(a)
(b)
Indicative content:
[8]
[1]
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
The candidate does not make any attempt or give a relevant answer
worthy of credit.
[6]
(c)
(d)
Straight horizontal line starting where line on graph starts and continuing to
near end of axis
[1]
Add Benedicts
[1]
[1]
[10]
3.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
[1]
[1]
[1]
4.
(a)
[1]
(b)
[1]
(c)
[4]
5.
(a)
(b)
[1]
(c)
(i)
(12) noon.
[1]
(ii)
Two marks can be awarded for two correct and relevant points e.g.
oxygen is produced by photosynthesis
[1]
from the graph most light/maximum light is at noon
[1]
The third mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
therefore maximum rate of photosynthesis and oxygen
production is at noon
[1]
Question total
6.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
[6]
[1]
[1]
[1]
by respiration
[1]
[1]
[1]
Question total
[6]
7.
Indicative content:
The advert encouraged people to smoke by promising relief from some
illnesses/conditions; however, the links between smoking and some illnesses are
now recognised and scientifically understood e.g. tar and cancer, infections due to
mucus accumulation as the cilia no longer function. It is also known that there is
addiction due to nicotine. The beneficial claims in the advertisement are now known
to be untrue e.g. relief of asthma/doesnt cure diseases and doesnt cause influenza.
As a result of recent knowledge about such health issues, there has been a change
in attitudes to smoking e.g. less smoking now/people trying to give up/ smoking
socially unacceptable/less advertising now / less sponsorship. There is now more
active discouragement and more regulation e.g. warnings on packets/restriction on
under-age sales/smoking-free zones imposed by law/ ban in public places.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
The candidate does not make any attempt or give a relevant answer
worthy of credit.
Question total
[6]
8.
(a)
(b)
[1]
[1]
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
modern lenses allow oxygen to pass through/reach cornea
so allows respiration to continue aerobically
[1]
Mark points 2, 3 and 4 can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequences e.g.
therefore no build up/production of lactic acid occurs (not: anaerobic
respiration)
[1]
so no/little osmosis/less water entering cornea
[1]
which means there is no pressure build up (not: ref. pain)
[1]
(not: water cant get through glass)
Answer only to refer to why modern lenses are suitable i.e. no reverse
argument
Question total
9.
(a)
(b)
Does not account for clumping / may miss a species / some areas left
unsampled or sampled more than once. (Any 2)
[6]
[2]
(i)
Record: the number of trout captured and marked in the first sample/
initially; (x)
[1]
the total number of trout caught in the second sample/recaptured;
(y)
[1]
the number of trout recaptured/in the second sample which were
marked. (z)
[1]
Appropriate formula for calculating estimate of population e.g.
xy
[1]
z
(ii)
[1]
Question total
[8]
[1]
ASSESSMENT GRIDS
Question
Number
1. (a)
(b)
2. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
3. (a) (i)
(ii)
(b) (i)
(ii)
4. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
5. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
6. (a)
(b)
(c)
7. (a)
(b)
8. (a)
(b)
(c)
9. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
10. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c)
Assessment Objective
AO1
AO2
AO3
24
24
12
Total
Mark
60
3
1
1 (i)
4 (a)(b)
1
2
1
3 (b)(c)
6 (a) (d)
3
1
1
2 (d) (e)
5 (d) (e)
5 (b) (d)
7 (d) (e)
Raw Totals:
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
7 (d) (e)
1
3
3
1
2
2
1
4
5
8
1
3
1
1
24
10
2
1
1
25
1
1
2
7
3
2
1
1
1
HSW
1
1
11
6
60
QWC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Question
Number
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(a) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
7.
8. (a)
(b)
9. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
5(b) (d)
7(d) (e)
Assessment Objective
AO1
AO2
AO3
24
24
12
1
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
4(d), 1(h)
7(c)
Raw Totals:
2
2
2
3
1
26
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
23
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
10
6(f), (g)
1
1
1
1
1
60
2
1
1(o)
Total
Mark
6
6
8
11
60
HSW
QWC
Candidate Name
Centre Number
Candidate Number
0
GCSE
BIOLOGY
FOUNDATION TIER (Grades G-C)
BIOLOGY 3: Transport in plants and animals, homeostasis,
microorganisms and disease
SPECIMEN PAPER
(1 hour)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this
page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written
communication used in your answers to question 12.
1.
Importance in plant
Nitrate
Phosphate
Potassium
[2]
Evidence
2.
(a)
(i)
[1]
Cell A .................................................................
Cell B .................................................................
(ii)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Complete the table below by listing two differences between cells A and B,
which you can see in the diagram.
[2]
Cell A
Cell B
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
3.
(a)
(b)
(c)
cornea,
optic nerve,
lens,
[3]
sclera.
Using the letters given in the diagram indicate which part of the eye
(i)
...........................
(ii)
...........................
(iii)
...........................
[3]
Thomas noticed that shining a bright light into Ffions eyes caused the pupil to
become smaller.
The change in Ffions eye is due to a reflex action.
Give two reasons why it is a reflex action.
I.
......................................................................
II.
......................................................................
[2]
4.
The following diagram shows the structure of the human excretory system.
(a)
[1]
..........................................
(b)
The table shows the substances present in the blood entering and leaving the
kidney.
Use the information to answer the questions which follow.
Substance
urea
35
protein
30
30
glucose
85
85
water
120
100
salts
300
280
(i)
(ii)
[2]
(c)
Discuss the problem suggested by the graph and two ethical issues relating
to transplants.
[3]
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(d)
Suggest one way in which a person who has had a kidney transplant has a
better quality of life than a person who is receiving dialysis treatment.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
5.
(a)
Use the diagrams below to describe and explain how this method is used to
produce an uncontaminated culture of bacteria in dish A.
[4]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
6.
The diagram below shows a plan of the circulatory system in a human. The blood
vessels are labelled with letters.
(a)
Complete the table below using letters from the diagram. You may use a
letter more than once.
[3]
Blood vessel
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
At highest pressure
(b)
Letter
................
................
................
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
7.
The graph shows the death rate in England and Wales from MRSA between 1993
and 2005 (Death rate = number of deaths per 100 000 of the population)
(a)
[1]
..............................................................
(b)
Explain the increase in infection resulting in death from MRSA between 1993
and 2005.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
Over the last few years the number of reported cases of MRSA in the UK has
started to fall. Explain the decrease.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
8.
(a)
[1]
(b)
[2]
Letter
9.
The potometer shown below was set up to measure water uptake by a cut, leafy
shoot. It was placed on a laboratory bench near an open window.
(a)
Describe how the potometer, when set up, can be used to measure the rate
of water uptake by the leafy shoot.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
(c)
Adil said that if the leaves were coated with Vaseline and the experiment was
repeated, the rate of water uptake would be reduced. Do you agree with
Adil? Give a reason for your answer.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
10.
The diagram below shows a small blood vessel found in the body.
(a)
[1]
..............................................................................
(b)
[4]
11.
Bacteria cause milk to go sour. During the souring of the milk, the oxygen in it
decreases.
Cows milk can be treated in two main ways to increase the length of time that it can
be stored safely.
In an experiment to compare the freshness of different kinds of milk, tubes were set
up as shown in the table.
Time/min
UHT milk
1 day old
pasteurised milk
3 day old
pasteurised milk
untreated milk
blue
blue
blue
blue
30
blue
blue
blue
pink
60
blue
blue
pink
white
90
blue
pink
white
white
120
blue
pink
white
white
(a)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
[1]
.............................................................
(c)
(i)
[1]
.....................................
(ii)
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d)
What can you conclude from the results about the effect of pasteurisation
compared to untreated milk?
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
12.
Use the information shown in the diagram and your knowledge of the defence
mechanisms in the body to describe and explain how the body protects itself from
infection.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Candidate Name
Centre Number
Candidate Number
0
GCSE
BIOLOGY
HIGHER TIER (Grades D-A*)
BIOLOGY 3: Transport in plants and animals, homeostasis,
microorganisms and disease
SPECIMEN PAPER
(1 hour)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this
page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written
communication used in your answers to questions 5 and 9.
1.
(a)
[1]
(b)
[2]
Letter
2.
The potometer shown below was set up to measure water uptake by a cut, leafy
shoot. It was placed on a laboratory bench near an open window.
(a)
Describe how the potometer, when set up, can be used to measure the rate
of water uptake by the leafy shoot.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
(c)
Adil said that if the leaves were coated with Vaseline and the experiment was
repeated, the rate of water uptake would be reduced. Do you agree with
Adil? Give a reason for your answer.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3.
The diagram below shows a small blood vessel found in the body.
(a)
[1]
..............................................................................
(b)
[4]
As the blood flows through the body organs, cells need ..................................,
which passes out of the blood and cells produce ..................................., which
passes into the blood. These substances enter and leave by the process of
.................................... . The process is made easier because the walls of
blood vessel Y are ....................................
4.
Bacteria cause milk to go sour. During the souring of the milk, the oxygen in it
decreases.
Cows milk can be treated in two main ways to increase the length of time that it can
be stored safely.
In an experiment to compare the freshness of different kinds of milk, tubes were set
up as shown in the table.
Time/min
UHT Milk
1 day old
pasteurised milk
3 day old
pasteurised milk
untreated milk
blue
blue
blue
blue
30
blue
blue
blue
pink
60
blue
blue
pink
white
90
blue
pink
white
white
120
blue
pink
white
white
(a)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
(b)
[1]
.............................................................
(c)
(i)
[1]
.....................................
(ii)
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d)
What can you conclude from the results about the effect of pasteurisation
compared to untreated milk?
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
5.
Use the information shown in the diagram and your knowledge of the defence
mechanisms in the body to describe and explain how the body protects itself from
infection.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
6.
The diagram shows part of the nervous system involved in a withdrawal reflex action.
(a)
On the diagram, draw an arrow on each neurone to show the direction taken
by the nerve impulse.
[1]
(b)
Name the stimulus affecting the receptor when you touch a flame.
[1]
.............................................................
(c)
In some diseases the motor neurones are damaged. Explain how this would
affect reflex actions.
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
7.
The diagram below shows some of the stages which follow a first infection with
disease-causing microbes.
(a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Antibodies released
into blood stream
5.
Microbes destroyed
[3]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
With a second infection at a later date, a person may show no effect of the
disease.
Explain why this happens.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
The graph shows the effect of two injections of a vaccine on the level of
antibodies in the blood. The purpose of the injections was to give immunity
against a particular disease.
Describe and explain what the graph shows about the effect of the injections.
[4]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d)
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
(ii)
[1]
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
8.
A kidney dialysis machine is used by some people because their kidneys do not
function properly. The diagram shows the principles upon which a kidney dialysis
machine works.
(a)
(b)
an arrow at point Y to show the direction of flow of the dialysis fluid, [1]
(ii)
Explain why it is important for the fresh dialysis fluid to contain the same
concentration of glucose and amino acids as blood plasma.
[1]
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
9.
Describe the passage of the blood through the heart and organs starting at the
pulmonary artery and ending at the aorta, explaining why the blood flows in one
direction.
[6 QWC]
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
10.
The graphs below show the concentration of four substances (A, B, C and D) in
blood plasma. They also show the concentration of these substances as they pass
along a nephron (kidney tubule) and their final concentration in urine.
(a)
Use the information from the graphs to identify each substance. Write the
correct letter for each substance in the table below. One has been done for
you.
[2]
Substance
Letter
glucose
protein
salts
urea
(b)
[1]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(c)
The diagram below shows the structure of a nephron. Part of the diagram is
magnified to show the process of filtration.
Using the information in the graphs in part (a) and the diagram, explain the
processes of filtration and selective reabsorption in the functioning of the
kidney.
Filtration.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Selective re-absorption.
[2]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d)
Describe and explain how the water level is regulated when the body is short
of water.
[4]
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
MARK SCHEMES
2.
Phonetic spelling is allowed except where there is a possibility that scientific terms
might be confused.
3.
When candidates list alternative answers to short answer questions, the general
principle to be followed is: right + wrong = no mark. In a question requiring a set
number of responses, where a candidate has supplied extra responses above the
required number each error/contradiction negates one correct response, however
responses considered neutral (ie not incorrect) are not penalised.
4.
The principle of error carried forward is generally applied where an incorrect value
calculated in one part of a question is treated as being correct for the purposes of
subsequent parts.
5.
When marking calculations, substitution into an incorrect equation is not credited and
hence subsequent calculations within that section will score zero.
6.
Alternative answers are accepted even if not noted on the marking scheme as long
as they are appropriate, correct and valid in the context of the science. Note that in
some cases specific terms are a requirement. Any uncertainty about the acceptability
of an answer is clarified by consultation with the Principal examiner or Team Leader.
7.
Marking Quality of Written Communication: The marking scheme for these questions
includes indicative content which gives the outline of the content of a good answer.
Candidates should generally cover most, if not quite all, of the points in the indicative
content to achieve the highest mark band on these questions and if candidates
present alternative valid approaches these are equally acceptable. The tests to be
applied are coherence, which is expressed well scientifically, as well as
completeness and correct science at an appropriate level.
8.
1.
Phosphate
[1]
Nitrate
[1]
Question total
2.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
[1]
[1]
[2]
Question total
3.
[2]
[4]
(a)
A
B
C
cornea
lens
retina
[1]
[1]
[1]
(b)
(i)
B (allow A)
[1]
(ii)
[1]
(iii)
[1]
happened immediately/automatically
without Ffion knowing
[1]
[1]
(c)
Question total
[8]
4.
(a)
(b)
[1]
(i)
Urea
[1]
(ii)
Protein;
[2]
(c)
The demand for kidneys is greater than the supply / not enough donors /
kidneys / waiting list increasing for transplant/difficulty finding sufficient
suitable matches/issues around consent before death or from relatives after
death/risks for living donors. AVP
[3]
(First point plus any two others)
(d)
5.
[8]
Reference to any of the following 4 ideas, however expressed. Marks can only be
awarded if clear reference to aseptic technique is linked to the correct process.
The wire is sterilised by being heated in the Bunsen flame.
[1]
The wire is used to transfer bacteria and spread them on the agar without touching
anything else.
[1]
The lid of the dish is not completely removed/ is replaced on the dish afterwards
so that organisms from the air are kept out.
[1]
Agar/equipment are sterilised before use.
[1]
Question total
6.
[1]
(a)
CEC
(b)
[4]
[3 x 1]
[1]
[1]
Question total
[5]
7.
(a)
(b)
(c)
bacteria/bacterium/staphylococcus
(not: microbe/pathogen)
[1]
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
ref to:
Deaths due to antibiotics not being effective/
over prescribing/over use of antibiotics (methicillin) /
courses of antibiotics not being completed by patients
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
so that bacteria (S. aureus) becomes (increasingly) resistant / builds up
(more) resistance in bacterial population/more widespread
(allow: ref. bacteria becoming immune; not: ref. body and immune)
[1]
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
ref to: More awareness of the issue
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
lead to changes such as more rigorous/better hygiene (regimes in hospitals)
(however expressed) /
ref. more handwashing/antibacterial handwash /
more controlled prescription of antibiotics/Drs not prepared to routinely
prescribe antibiotics /
testing patients before admission to hospital to see if they are carriers (1 in 3
of the population) /
development of new antibiotics/used in combination.
(Any 1)
(not: ref. stronger antibiotics)
[1]
Question total
8.
[5]
(a)
xylem
[1]
(b)
CX
[2]
Question total
[3]
9.
(a)
Reference to:
Recording a measured distance of travel of the air bubble
in a given/set/stated time
[1]
[1]
(b)
[1]
(c)
(Agree because) the Vaseline would stop the water passing out through
the stomata/prevent transpiration.
[1]
Question total
10.
(a)
capillary
(b)
[1]
Question total
11.
[4]
[4x1]
[5]
(a)
[1]
(b)
Untreated (milk)
[1]
(c)
(i)
UHT
[1]
(ii)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
it had the most amount of oxygen/oxygen not used up
(not: ref. colour)
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the conclusion to the point above.
therefore the least number of/no bacteria
[1]
(not: ref. enzymes)
(d)
[1]
[6]
12.
Indicative content:
The blood platelets form blood clots to seal the wound forming scabs which
prevent bacteria from entering. White cells engulf/ingest any bacteria
present. White cells also produce antibodies which inactivate/kill/surround
bacteria which do enter, so preventing infection. White cells also produce
antitoxins which neutralise toxins/poisons formed by bacteria which may be
harmful.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
[6]
(a)
xylem
[1]
(b)
CX
[2]
Question total
2.
(a)
Reference to:
Recording a measured distance of travel of the air bubble
in a given/set/stated time
[1]
[1]
(b)
[1]
(c)
(Agree because) the Vaseline would stop water passing out through the
stomata/prevent transpiration.
[1]
Question total
3.
(a)
capillary
(b)
[4]
[1]
Question total
4.
[3]
[4x1]
[5]
(a)
[1]
(b)
Untreated (milk)
[1]
(c)
(i)
UHT
[1]
(ii)
(d)
[1]
[6]
5.
Indicative content:
The blood platelets form blood clots to seal the wound forming scabs which
prevent bacteria from entering. White cells engulf/ingest any bacteria
present. White cells also produce antibodies which inactivate/kill/surround
bacteria which do enter, so preventing infection. White cells also produce
antitoxins which neutralise toxins/poisons formed by bacteria which may be
harmful.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
6.
(a)
[6]
[1]
Temperature/heat
(not: flame)
[1]
(c)
[3]
7.
(a)
Reference to:
antigens on microorganism
cause antibody production (not: triggers immune system)
by white cells
(b)
[3x1]
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
after the first infection memory cells produced
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
therefore antibodies are produced very quickly/rapid response/immediately
[1]
(c)
One mark can be awarded for describing antibody levels shown in the graph.
After 1st injection antibodies soon decrease/increase then decrease
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the consequence is clearly stated.
stays below level to/does not give full immunity owtte
[1]
One mark can be awarded for describing antibody levels shown in the graph.
After 2nd injection antibodies do not decrease / increase for longer/decrease
then increase
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the consequence is clearly stated.
goes above level needed for full immunity
[1]
(d)
(i)
(ii)
8.
[1]
[1]
[11]
(a)
[2]
(b)
One mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point e.g.
glucose will not be lost from blood
[1]
The second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and
correctly links the consequence to the point above e.g.
because movement in both directions will be equal/no diffusion will occur
overall/no concentration gradient
[1]
(c)
[5]
9.
Indicative content:
The blood travels, via pulmonary artery, first to the lungs or alveoli then
leaves the lungs via the pulmonary vein to reach the left atrium. The blood is
then passed by muscle contraction from the atrium into the left ventricle and
through to the aorta. Valves between the atrium and ventricle and at the
entrance to the aorta prevent backflow of the blood when there are pressure /
volume differences due to contraction of the chambers of the heart in
sequence.
5 6 marks
3 4 marks
1 2 marks
0 marks
10.
[6]
(a)
D A (C) B
[2]
(b)
water is absorbed
(c)
In each case one mark can be awarded for a correct and relevant point. The
second mark can only be awarded if the candidate coherently and correctly
links the consequence to the point above it.
[1]
[1]
[1]
Two marks can be awarded for two correct and relevant points e.g.
the blood is monitored by osmoreceptors
[1]
when there is a lack of water the blood/salt levels become more concentrated
[1]
The third and fourth marks can only be awarded if the candidate coherently
and clearly links the consequence to each point above it e.g.
this causes an increase in release of ADH
[1]
which causes the nephron to reabsorb more water
[1]
Question total
[11]
ASSESSMENT GRIDS
Question
Number
1.
2. (a) (i)
(ii)
(b)
3. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
4. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
5.
6. (a)
(b)
7. (a)
(b)
(c)
8. (a)
(b)
9. (a)
(b)
(c)
10. (a)
(b)
11. (a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d)
12.
3 (a), (c)
Assessment Objective
AO1
AO2
AO3
24
24
12
2
1
1
1
2
2 (c) (d)
2
1
2
1
2
1
8
1
1
2
1
8
1
1
2
2
5 (h)
1(e), (d), (g)
60
1
1
6 (a)
Total
Mark
4
5
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
1 (b) (d)
4
1
2 (h)
1
3
1
2
1
6 (b), (c)
5 (a)
Raw Totals:
1
1
1
3
26
3
24
10
6
60
HSW
QWC
Question
Number
1. (a)
(b)
2. (a)
(b)
(c)
3. (a)
(b)
4. (a)
(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)
(d)
5.
6. (a)
(b)
(c)
7. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (i)
(ii)
8. (a)
(b)
(c)
9.
10. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Assessment Objective
AO1
AO2
AO3
24
24
12
1
2
60
3
2
1
1 (b), (d)
Total
Mark
4
1
2 (h)
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
6 (b), (c)
5(a)
3 (d)
1
1
1
3
1
6
3
1
2
2
1
2
1
11
1
2
4 (h), (j)
2 (f)
4 (d), (e)
Raw Totals:
1
1
4
1
2
2
25
2
2
2
2
25
6
11
10
60
HSW
QWC
CONTROLLED
ASSESSMENT
Assessment area
Mark
Awarded
Hypothesising &
Planning / 12
Collecting,
reviewing &
processing data / 12
Analysing &
reviewing
procedure / 12
Analysing data &
concluding / 12
TOTAL / 48
Declaration by candidate
I have read and understood the Notice to Candidates (GCSE and Principal Learning:
Controlled Assessments). I have produced the attached work without assistance other
than that which is acceptable under the scheme of assessment.
Candidate's name: ........................................................................................................
Candidate's signature: ...................................................
Date .................................
the candidate's work was conducted under the conditions laid out by the
specification;
2.
I have authenticated the candidate's work and am satisfied that, to the best of my
knowledge, the work produced is solely that of the candidate.
Year - SPECIMEN
Date .................................
results
consider the details of the question you are going to investigate you can
discuss it with other people, including others taking the assessment;
(b)
research the topic, e.g. by looking for information on the internet and possibly
include a pre-test;
(c)
(d)
produce a plan for undertaking the investigation you should use information
from the work in PART 1;
(e)
consider any risks associated with this investigation you may use the Risk
Assessment sheet for this.
You will do parts (c), (d) and (e) under supervision and without discussing it with anyone
apart from your teacher.
You should now proceed to carry out the investigation and write it up. You will be able to
co-operate with other people in obtaining data but the report must be your own work.
While carrying out your investigation, you should review your method and change it if
necessary in the light of experience.
Report
Your report should include:
y
.
..
..
Risks
Hazards
Preliminary work: Section 5(d) of the specification of Biology 2 should be carried out
as the preliminary work. This may be by individual or group work by the candidates
or by teacher demonstration. This is not assessed, but the experience of the
preliminary work and the results obtained will be used to inform their planning for the
remaining part of the controlled assessment.
2.
Collection of secondary data: As part of the planning process, the candidates need to
collect secondary data. These data can be used by the candidates in two ways: to
inform themselves about the repeatability and reproducibility of the data which could
inform their decision about the number of repeats; to provide some evidence which
may be of use in their hypothesising. The secondary data may also be useful in their
analysis / evaluation. The results of other candidates in the preliminary work could
be used and supervisors could provide a data set for the candidates to search. It is
important that the candidates select appropriate data for themselves. Centres
having difficulty in obtaining appropriate data which may be used should contact
WJEC.
3.
Research: This stage of the controlled assessment is carried out under a limited
level of control. Candidates may carry out some work in conditions not under the
supervision of the teacher. The candidates should be given the opportunity to do
some research which can involve internet searches and text books into enzyme
action / fruit juice yield. Supervisors may prepare materials for candidates to use in
this research phase. Copies of these materials should be included with the
candidates work.
4.
Note that the plan need not be complete at this stage it can be modified in the light
of experience, e.g. in the light of experience of the repeat results. It is not anticipated
that the plans occupy more than 2 or 3 sides of A4. This stage of the controlled
assessment may take up to 2 hours of formally-supervised time.
5.
Data acquisition: This stage of the controlled assessment is carried out under a
limited level of control; candidates with similar plans are allowed to work in groups.
Credit is available in the next phase of the controlled assessment for reporting
decisions made during data acquisition, e.g. modifying the method of fixing the
controlled variables or checking suspect results. It is anticipated that this stage of the
controlled assessment will take up to approximately 2 hours. During this stage,
feedback should be limited to clarification of the requirements of the assessment.
6.
Report writing: This stage of the controlled assessment is carried out under a high
level of control, i.e. the candidates work individually. The candidates present their
data appropriately, e.g. using tables, charts and graphs, chosen to allow the
hypothesis to be tested as rigorously as possible. Any decisions made during data
acquisition, including modifications to the plan should be presented with justification.
The report should include suitable analysis of the data and a conclusion relating to
the hypothesis. The extent and quality of the data should be explored alongside a
discussion on the degree of confidence in the conclusion.
It is anticipated that this stage of the controlled assessment will take 1 - 2 hours and
that the extent of the report, including tables and graphs, should occupy not more than
4 sides of A4.
During this stage, feedback should be limited to clarification of the requirements of
the assessment.
7.
Assessment: This stage of the controlled assessment is carried out under a medium
level of control. Supervisors use the WJEC marking criteria to assess the report
using a best fit approach.
Controlled Assessment
Biology: Investigation
Marking Criteria
1.
The work of each candidate should be assessed in each of the following fields
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
The maximum mark in each assessment field is 12 and is subdivided into the
following bands:
0 marks, 1 3 marks, 4 6 marks, 7 9 marks, 10 12 marks
3.
The bands are hierarchical; however, a best fit approach should be adopted, i.e.
minor shortcomings at one level can be overcome by a candidate clearly meeting the
additional demands of a higher level.
4.
The demands of quality of written communication are incorporated into the criteria in
fields 2 and 4.
5.
Centres are required to annotate work to show which level is achieved in each field
and to indicate the evidence for the achievement of the level and position within the
level.
6.
The marks for each of the fields should be entered into the table on the controlled
assessment cover sheet and the authenticating declarations by the candidate and
teacher / lecturer signed and dated.
7.
1-3
4-6
7-9
Description
Description
10-12
Description
No evidence of collected data presented.
Candidates work safely, they collect some data
relevant to the investigation and display the
collected data.
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
Description
Candidates
collect data from at least 5 widely spread values of the independent variable
sufficient to allow a judgement on a qualitative hypothesis and comment on any
changes to the details of the plan, e.g. number of repeats, in the light of experience
display data, with units, in appropriate sequence and suitable arrangement in a
table or tables with headings which may have omissions e.g. units
produce a graph of the dependent against the independent variable with good
choice of scales and labelled axes but may have plotting errors or incomplete axis
labels
average, ignoring suspect values if appropriate, and correct use of significant
figures
Candidates
produce data that are sufficient [in terms of spread of independent variable values
and variability of dependent variable values] to test a hypothesis and consider the
sufficiency of the data
produce a clear table or tables of results and appropriately manipulated values
with clear, accurate headings and appropriate units
produce a graph, with linear scales and complete axis labels, which can be used to
test hypothesis, e.g. enzyme concentration (%) vs time taken for mixture to run
through burette (sec) with appropriate and accurate joining of plots
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
Description
make a simple statement about how the procedure was carried out, such as the difficulty
of timing, e.g. it was difficult to time it
make a simple, non-factual statement about how accurate they think the data are
brief, non-qualified statement
suggest a way of improving the evidence or show why the evidence does not need
improvement, e.g. use different type of water bath, thermostatic rather than using a
bunsen.
relevant comment e.g. referring to temperature variation during the experiment.
comment on how this investigation supports or contradicts the research
suitable comment e.g. it was difficult to ensure consistency when timing
examine the repeatability and/or reproducibility [from the preliminary work] and discuss
to what extent the data support the conclusion
consider whether a different conclusion is also supported by the data
discuss in detail to what extent the data are in line with the initial research
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
Description
make a correct statement referring to the data which may be about one value of the dependent variable
make a correct statement, referring to at least two values of the dependent variable, referring to a trend
uses non-scientific terminology, incomplete sentences and in a way which requires the assessor to search
for relevant points
make a simple statement linking the variation of the dependent variable with that of the independent
variable
comment on how the trend compares with that expected
some use of basic scientific terms, sentences may not be accurately constructed with incorrect spelling
make a conclusion relating the independent and dependent variable, or show that the expected
relationship is not supported by the data
examine the repeatability and/or reproducibility [from the preliminary work] and discuss to what extent the
data support the conclusion
consider whether a different conclusion is also supported by the data, e.g. discuss in detail to what extent
the data are in line with the initial research
uses scientific terms appropriately throughout, clear well expressed sentences with correct spelling
Assessment Objective
As percentage of the Controlled
Assessment
Marks for the Controlled
Assessment
Total
AO1
AO2
AO3
18.75%
25.0%
56.25%
100%
12
27
48
HSW
QWC