MODULE IN MAPEH Grade 9

ARTS: ARTS OF THE NEOCLASSIC AND ROMANTIC PERIOD

Introduction
In the middle of the 18th century, Neoclassicism was born out of rejection of the
Rococo and late Baroque styles. Romanticism began in the sane era but its
approach had to do with the modern or new rather than the traditional.
Their influences today were highly visible through the style of paintings, sculptures
and other art works adapted by the well-known artists internationally and also by
some of our National artists. Some of the existing architectural structures convey
the traits and characteristics of such periods.

OBJECTIVES:
-Analyze the elements and principles in the production of work following the style
of Neoclassicism and Romantic arts
-Identify distinct characteristics of arts during the Neoclassic and Romantic
periods
-Compare the characteristics of artworks produced in Neoclassic and Romantic
periods
-Create artworks guided by techniques and styles of Neoclassic and romantic art
traditions

NEOCLASSICISM, 1780-1840
The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning new and the Latin
word classicus which is similar in meaning to the English phrase first class.
The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicism. It
also applies to literature, theatre, music, and architecture that were influenced by
the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Reason also
known as the Age of Enlightenment. The art style in this period was brought about
by the renewed interest in Greek and Roman classics.
Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture and architecture generally
portrayed Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes.

Characteristics:
- portrayal of Roman history
- formal composition
- the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment (versus a regular
moment)
- local color
- overall lighting
- classic geo-structure
Neoclassical Paintings
Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic
interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic
portrayals. Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the costumes, settings
and details of classical subject-matter without adding distracting details but with as
much historical accuracy as possible

NEO-CLASSICAL ARTISTS
There are a number of neo-classical artists from Europe and the United
States. Below are some of them:
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
(1748-1825) France
Jacques-Louis David was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, and
considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era. His subjects of paintings were
more on history.
Famous Artworks:
1. THE DEATH OF MARAT (J. David)
2. NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS
3. OATH OF THE HORATII (J. David)
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
(1780-1867) France
Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He was influenced by Italian Renaissance
painters like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his mentor, Jacques-Louis David.
His paintings were usually nudes, portraits and mythological themes. He was
regarded as one of the great exemplars of academic art and one of the finest Old
Masters of his era.
Famous Artworks:

1. PORTRAIT OF NAPOLON ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE

2. THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER

NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES
The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public sculpture. Artists looked
to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration as well as to
mimic their style.

NEO-CLASSICAL SCULPTORS
ANTONIO CANOVA
(1757-1822) Italy
Canova was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous for his marble
sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh.
He opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure contours
with his mythological compositions.
Famous artworks
1. PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPIDS KISS
2. WASHINGTON
BERTEL THORVALDSEN
(1789-1838) Denmark
Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. He executed
sculptures of mythological and religious themes characters.
Famous artworks
1. CHRIST
2. LION OF LUCERNE
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURES
Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18th century. It turned away
from the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late Baroque. In its purest form,
Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architecture of
Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect
Andrea Palladio.

Types of Neoclassical Architecture

1.TEMPLE STYLE
Temple style building design was based on an ancient temple. These
buildings were uncommon during the Renaissance as architects of that
period focused mainly on applying classical elements to churches and
modern buildings like palazzos and villas.
Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line of
columns around a building), a rare feature of Renaissance architecture
2. PALLADIAN STYLE
Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladios style of villa
construction. Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is a railing
with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. There are vertical
supports within a balustrade known as balusters or spindles. It is also
a classical method of crowning a building that has a flat or low lying roof.
3. CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE
The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof and an
exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior features a repeated classical
pattern or series of arches and/or columns. The overall impression of such
a building was a huge, classically-decorated rectangular block.
Classical block aesthetic was also known as Beaux-Arts style, since it
was developed principally by the French cole des Beaux-Arts (School of
Fine Arts).
Classical block architecture also flourished in the United States,
particularly in New York.

SUMMARY:

ELEMENTS
Values:

NEOCLASSICISM PERIOD
Order, solemnity

Inspiration:

Classical Rome, patriotism, courage, honor

Tone:

Calm, rational

Subjects:

Greek and Roman history

Technique:
Brushstroke

Stressed drawing with lines, not color; no trace of

Role of Art:

Morally uplifting, Inspirational

Composition:

Most figures in foreground.

Lines:

Linear Style (outlines are sharply defined through

controlled brushstrokes

Textures:

Smooth, no brushstrokes can be seen

Romanticism Art 1800s-1810s

The Industrial Revolution got into swing in the latter part of the 18th century,
starting in England and spreading to France and America. This revolution brought
with it a new market economy, based on new technologymachine tools and
machine power instead of human tools and animal power.
With little to no regulations in place, these jobs could be brutal. Men, women, and
children worked 14 hour shifts; where they had once told time by the sun, now they
could go weeks without seeing the light of day.
At the same time, there was a growing reaction against the philosophy of the
Enlightenment, which emphasized science, empirical evidence, and rational thought
above all. Romantics challenged the idea that reason was the one path to truth,
judging it inadequate in understanding the great mysteries of life.
These mysteries could be uncovered with emotion, imagination, and intuition.
Romantics emphasized a life filled with deep feeling, spirituality, and free
expression, seeing such virtues as a bulwark against the dehumanizing effects of
industrialization.
Artists of the Romantic Period tried to capture these ideals in their work. They
rejected the rationalism and rules-driven orderliness that characterized the
Neoclassical style of the Enlightenment.
Art of this period also depicted the romantic ideal of nationalism, but for reasons of
length, we will focus on landscapes in this post.
Like Baroque artists, Romantic artists hoped to inspire an emotional response in
those who viewed their art; but instead of seeking to inspire faith as their
predecessors had, most sought to evoke a nostalgic yearning for rural, pastoral life,
the stirrings of lifes mysteries, and a sense of the power and grandeur of nature.

Characteristics:
-Shows the height
-Emotional extremes

-Celebrated nature as out of control

-Dramatic compositions
-Heightened sensation ( life and death moments )

ROMANTIC PAINTINGS
The paintings of the Romantic period gave more emphasis on emotion. Artists
expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas.
Painters of the Romantic Period
Jean Louis Thodore Gricault
He was interested in painting contemporary, topical events, not only as a depiction
of that particular event, but also as an exploration of the passionate emotions and
truths that underlay it.
Often Gricault's searches yielded dark and previously unknown images. Fascinated
by violence and horror, he made a series of bloodcurdling paintings of the
decapitated heads of criminals.
Gricault's early death, caused by a fall from a horse in 1824, ended a brilliant and
original career.
Famous Artworks
-The Raft of the Medusa
-Charging Chasseur
-Insane Woman
-The Race of the Riderless Horses
-Portrait Study of a Youth
-The 1821 Derby at Epsom
Eugene Delacroix
Considered the leader of the French Romantic school of painting.
A prolific artist.
Produced over 9,000 works during his lifetime, ranging from paintings, to
watercolors, pastels and drawings.
His work both shaped the Impressionist artists and inspired the Symbolist
movement.
First, his work was criticized, but later accepted and purchased by the state or
personal patron.

His works revolved around many themes, many of which were inspired by the works
of Shakespeare, Goethe, and Byron, and entailed the motifs of violence and
sensuality
Famous Artworks
-Liberty leading the people
-Massacre At Chios
-Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi
-The Death of Sardanapalus

Francisco Goya
Spanish Romantic painter and printmaker
most important Spanish artist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
Court painter to the Spanish crown
he was both a commentator on and chronicler of his era
Sometimes called the father of modern art.
Famous Artworks
-The Third of May 1808
-The Majas
-Los Caprichos
ROMANTIC PAINTINGS ( Landscape Paintings)
Landscape painting depicts the physical world that surrounds us and includes
features such as mountains, valleys, vegetation, and bodies of water. The sky is
another important element shaping the mood of landscape paintings. Landscape art
ranges from highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic, romantic and idealized.

Famous Landscape Artists

Theodore Rousseau
in full Pierre-tienne-Thodore Rousseau (born April 15, 1812, Paris, France
died December 22, 1867, Barbizon), French painter who was a leader of
the Barbizon school of landscape painters. His direct observation of nature made
him an important figure in the development of landscape painting.
Famous Artworks
Under the Birches, Evening
Peasant in the Forest of Fontainebleau

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
(born July 16, 1796, Paris, Francedied February 22, 1875, Paris), French painter,
noted primarily for his landscapes, who inspired and to some extent anticipated
the landscape painting of the Impressionists. His oil sketches, remarkable for their
technical freedom and clear colour, have come to be as highly regarded as the
finished pictures that were based upon them
Famous Artworks
Forest of Fontainebleau
Hauteurs de Svres: Chemin Troyon

Romantic Sculptures
Romantic sculpture can be divided into works that concern about the
human world and those that concern the natural world. The leading
sculptors of each type were Rude and Barye, respectively.
Romantic Artists
Franois Rude
( January 4, 1784 November 3, 1855 )
Born in Dijon
Worked at his fathers trade as a stovemaker till the age of 16, but received
training in drawing from Franois Devosges
In 1809 he went to Paris from Dijon school of art, and became a pupil of Pierre
Cartelier, obtaining the
Grand Prix de Rome in 1812
After the second restoration of the Bourbon
He retired to Brussels, where; probably owing to the intervention of the exiled
Jacques-Louis David he got some work under the architect Charles Vander Straten,
who employed him to execute nine bas-reliefs in the palace of Tervuren, now
destroyed
At Brussels Rude married the painter Sophie Fremiet, a daughter of a Bonapartist
compatriot to whom he had many obligations, but gladly avalied himself of an
opportunity to return to Paris
Famous Artworks
Plaster bust of Louis-Gabriel Monnier
DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS
ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE

Born in Paris, Barye began his career as a goldsmith, like many sculptors of the
Romantic Period.
He first worked under his father, but around 1810 worked under the sculptor
Guillaume-Mertin Biennais, who was a goldsmith to Napoleon.
After studying under sculptor Francois-Joseph Bosio in 1816 and painter Baron
Antoine-Jean Gros, he was (in 1818) admitted to the cole des Beaux Arts.
But it was not until 1823, while working for Fauconnier, the goldsmith, that he
discovered his true predilection from watching the animals in the Jardin des Plantes,
making vigorous studies of them in pencil drawings comparable to those of
Delacroix, then modelling them in sculpture on a large or small scale.
Barye didn't only want to be known as a sculptor of small bronzes, he wanted to be
known as a sculpteur statuaire (a sculptor of large statues)
Famous Artworks
Erymanthian Boar
Hercules sitting on a bull
Milo of Crotana Devoured by a Lion
SUMMARY:
ELEMENTS
Values:
Inspiration:
East
Tone:
Subjects:
Technique:
Role of Art:
Composition
Lines:
restrained)
Textures:

ROMANTIC PERIOD
Intuition, emotion, imagination
Medieval and Baroque eras, Middle and Far
Subjective, spontaneous, nonconformist
Legends, exotica, nature, violence
Unrestrained, rich color; visible brushstrokes
Dramatic, carry viewer away
Use of diagonal, crowded compositions
Painterly style (brushstrokes are less
Often has visible brushstrokes
ACTIVITIES:

Act # 1: EXPLORER: Look or research for a painting, sculpture or

architecture that resembles the Neoclassicism or Romanticism. Research
about its history and explain its characteristics
Reflection Questions:
-How did you identify the artwork?
-What are the characteristic of the artwork that make it a part of such
art movement?
-Why do you think that there is a need to value the artwork and art
movements from the past eras?
Act # 2: CRITIQUING: Look for the following artworks and describe them
according to the basic elements of arts such as to lines, colors, shapes
and texture.

a. Lion of Lucerne
b. Siliman University Hall
c. National Museum
d. Theseus slaying minotaur
e. Insane Woman
f. Portrait of Napoleon on the imperial throne
Act # 3 : Compare and Contrasts: Using the given information,
compare the art produced during Neoclassical and Romantic period art.
Neoclassicism
Art Produced
Romanticism

and principles from Neoclassical and Romantic Period in illustration

board. With 1 inch borders and covered with plastic cover.
Write a 10-15 reflection at the back of the illustration board.
Submission: November 23,2015 MONDAY
Be ready for the Long Test in Music NOVEMBER 23,2015