Aim: Perform simple analog signal processing functions using Op Amps

PART-A
To verify operation of op-amp amplifier as an integrator.
Apparatus: Trainer kit, Connecting wires, CRO, Function Generator.
Theory:

A circuit in which the output voltage waveform is the integral of the input voltage

waveform is the integrator amplifier. Such a circuit is obtained by using a basic inverting
amplifier configuration if the feedback resistor RF is replaced by a capacitor CF.
(see fig 1.)
The expression for the output voltage Vo can be obtained by writing kirchoffs current
equation at node V2 :
I1 =IB + IF
Since IB is negligibly small,
I1 I F
As we know that the relationship between current through and voltage across the capacitor is
IC =C dvc / dt
Therefore,
Vin V2=

CF (d/dt) (V2- Vo )
R1

Where V1 =V2 0 because A is very large.

Therefore
Vin/R1 =CF d/dt(-Vo )
The output voltage can be obtained by integrating both sides with respect to time:
= CF (-V0) + V0 t=0
Therefore,
V0 =
Where C is the integration constant and is proportional to the value of the output voltage V0 at
time t=0 seconds.

Above equation indicates that the output voltage is directly proportional to the negative integral
of the input voltage and inversely proportional to the time constant R 1CF.For example, if the
input is a sine wave ,the output will be cosine wave;or if the input is a square wave, the output
will be a triangular wave as shown in fig 2.
Procedure:
(1)
(2)
(3)

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Observe the waveforms on CRO.
Draw the waveforms on the graph.
Output waveform:

Conclusion:

PART-B
Aim: To verify operation of op-amp amplifier as a differentiator.
Apparatus: Trainer kit, Connecting wires, CRO, Function Generator.
Theory:Fig 1. shows the differentiator or differentiation amplifier.As its name implies, the
circuit performs the mathematical operation of differentiation;that is, the output waveform is the
derivative of the input waveform.The differentiator may be constructed from a basic inverting
amplifier if an input resistor R1 is replaced by a capacitor C1.
Apply KCL at node V2 :
IC = I B + I F
Since IB 0,
IC =IF
C1(d/dt)(Vin V2) =V2 V0
RF
But V1= V2 0 V, because A is very large.
Therefore ,
C1dVin/dt =-V0/RF

Or

V0 =-RFC1dVin/dt

Thus the output Vo is equal to the RFC1 times the negative instantaneous rate of change of the
input voltage Vin with time. Since the differentiator performs the reverse of the integrators
function, a cosine wave input will produce a sinewave output or a triangular input will produce a
square wave output.
Procedure:
(1)
(2)
(3)

Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.

Observe the waveforms on CRO.
Draw the waveforms on the graph.
Output waveform:

Conclusion: