Aim: Verify Thevenins and Nortons Theorems

PART-A
Aim :- To verify Thevenin's and Nortons Theorems.
Apparatus:breadboard.

voltage source,resistance of different values, connecting wires,multimeter,

Theory: - The current flowing through a load resistance RL connected across any two terminal
of linear bilateral network is given by VTH /(RTH+RL) where VTH is open ckt voltage across
the two terminals. When RL is removed & RTH is the equivalent resistance of a network
Keeping load open circuited. Now from terminals with all voltage sources replaced by their
internal resistance and current source by infinite resistance.
It provides a mathematical technique for replacing a given network. It makes the solution of
complicated network quite easy .
Following steps are followed while applying this theorem.
1. Remove the RL from the terminal A & B draw the ckt diagram keeping terminal RL open
ckt.
2. Calculate the open ckt voltage when RL is removed. Now, remove the battery from ckt
leaving its terminals A & B when RL is not connected.
3. calculate RTH.RL is now connected across terminal A & B . calculate the current
I=VTH/RL+RTH
Circuit diagram:RL
1.8kOhm
V2
12 V

1.8kOhm
1.2kOhm

1.8kOhm
1.2kOhm

Procedure:1.
2.

Remove the load resistance RL.

Measure open ckt voltage & is called thevenin voltage

V1
5 V

3.
4.
5.

Measure the equivalent resistance is called RTH.

Replace entire network by a single thevenins source where voltage is VTH&. Internal
resistance is RTH.
Finally measure the current flowing through RL
Calculation:-

Observation Table:RTH(k)
Theoritical
Practical

Conculsion:-

PART-B

VTH(volt)

ITH(mA)

Aim :-To verify Nortorn's theorem.

Apparatus:breadboard.

voltage source,resitsnce of different values, connecting wires,multimeter,

Thory:- It states that a linear bilateral network with energy source can be replaced by a simple
equivalent ckt consists of single equivalent current source in parallel with single equivalent
resistance.
The following steps are performed .
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Remove RL from Network and design the terminals A & B.

Determine the current through the short ckt applied across A & B, this called norton's
current source .
remove the source of energy.
Connect he RL to the nortons equivalent network.
Calculate the current through RL using Current divider rule.
IL=Isc (Req/Req+RL)
Circuit Diagram:-

RL
1.8kOhm
V2
12 V

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.8kOhm
1.2kOhm

1.8kOhm
1.2kOhm

V1
5 V

Procedure:Remove the load resistance & design terminal A & B.

Measure the short circuit current Isc.
Remove all the voltage source but Let their internal resistance remain.
The current source and nortons equivalent resistance join in parallel across RL.
Calculation:-

Observation Table:-

Req
Theoritical
Practical

Conculsion:-

Isc

IRL