Began as international style in 1950 (overlapping)
Post Modern architecture is said to be a response to Formalism of International style of modernism. The functional and formal shapes and spaces were replaced by diverse aesthetics. This style is also described as Neo Eclectic- Where reference and ornament have returned to the faade, replacing unornamented modern style. Post modern skyscrapers are adorned with non-conventional ledges or classical columns. An important aspect of post modern architecture is that it is both functional and artistic in nature. There is no room for structural ideas and conventional design. DIVERSITY OF EXPRESSION defines the core philosophy of post modern ideals. Buildings were designed combining function with pluralism, contextualism and paradox. The colours did not follow colour wheel law but there is a certain harmony. Colours are irregular but follow a theme. Movements: 1969 THE NEW YORK FIVE Micheal Graus Peter Eisenman Richard Meier Charles Gurathmey John Hjduk
1973
THE WHITES v/s THE GREYS
In reaction to the New York Five, a critical essay titled Five on Five appeared in May 1973. It rejected the black and white world view of the New York Five and Modernist Principles.
EVENTS Robert Venturis book- Learning from Las Vegas. 1978 The Proust Chair by Medini (the purest Post Modernist) cobbled together from mismatched elements
DE CONSTRUCTIVISM- disassemble architecture
The theme of de constructivism was manipulating a structures surface, skin and non rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture- structure and envelope. It is characterized by unpredictability and chaos. It opposed the ordered rationality of Modernism and Post Modernism. Bernard Tschumi said deconstructivism was a move against Post Modern-which was making doric temple forms out of ply wood. It opposed ordered rationality of modernism and Post Moderism.
Over lapping with
Russian Constructivism and Futurism Expressionism Cubism Minimalism Contemporary Art Post war museums were built of trace and erasure Jewish Berlin Museum Vietnam Veterans Memorial Memorial to murdered Jews of Europe.
1966 Robet Venturis Complexity and Contradiction in architecture argued against
purity and clarity of Post Modernism. 1978 Frank Gehry drastically changed the boring Suburban Santa Monica House into groundwork for a new architectural movement. 1982 Parc de la Villete architectural design competition showed entry by Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman 1988 Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), NYC hosts a Deconstructivist architecture exhibition which featured works by Philip Johnson, Libskind, Rem Koolhas, Gehry, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Bernard Tschumi etc.
1989 THE WEXNER CENTER, COLOUMBUS, USA
BY PETER EISENMAN The Wexner Center was built to accommodate a multidisciplinary space for the exploration and exhibition of contemporary art. As in much of Eisenmans work, strong grid systems dominate the formal language of the building. Running through the core of the building is the Wexner Centers most recognizable feature: a 540foot long scaffolding structure that extrudes the planar grid systems into a threedimensional matrix. Exposed and partially unenclosed, it is meant to look deliberately incomplete, repudiating preconceptions of solid and void as fixed properties of architecture. While this seam in the building functions as an axis of circulation, it plays a more important spatial role by delineating and projecting organization throughout the site. Also prominent on the museum are a set of red brick turrets that dramatically clash with the hyper-modern aesthetic of the scaffolding. They are allusions to a medieval-style armory that was bulldozed to make room for the museum, an eerie tribute to constructions destructive side.
1997 GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO, SPAIN,
BY FRANK GEHRY While Gehry himself shrinks the Deconstructivist label, his work- particularly the Guggenheim- has been strongly associated with the architectural style that has been carried forth by a number of other architects around the world. Luminous and shape-shifting, Guggenheim seems to undulate in sunlight and dappled reflection of Nevron river upon which it sits. The wildly original design and construction was aided by the use of CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application). The many organic volumes that make up the whole are covered in titanium panels that resemble fish scales, a tribute to the museums location.