Hormones!

Hormone

Produced

Effect/Target

Oxytocin

posterior pituitary

Vasopressin/ADH

posterior pituitary

smooth muscle
contraction (uterus in
birth, lactation in
breasts)
-insert AQP into
collecting duct
-vasoconstriction to
increased blood
pressure

Prolactin

anterior pituitary

- milk production in
breasts

MSH

anterior pituitary

LH

anterior pituitary

- production and
release of melanin
males: LH
(testosterone), FSH
(spermatocyte
development)

FSH
GH

anterior pituitary
anterior pituitary

IGF-1

-acts on long bones in

children
-make energy
available (mobilize
trigylcerides from
fats, block insulin,
increase
gluconeogenesis)
- indirect effects
through IGF1
(activation of
receptor causes more
to be produced)
-increased glucose
transport into cells
-more protein
synthesis
-more cell
proliferation, repair
-bone + linear growth

Stimulation/Inhibitio
n
(+) uterine stretch

(+) high plasma

osmolality
(-) baroreceptors
(carotid sinus, aortic
arch, atrial stretch
receptors)
(+) suckling, crying
inhibits dopamine
(-) dopamine
(-) melatonin
(~+) ACTH

(+) stress: fasting,

stress, exercise
(-) high glucose
(-) somatostatin
(-) IGF-1

(+) activation of IGF

receptor

Epinephrine
Adrenal Medulla
(Hormone);
Norepinephire (NT)

Aldosterone

Adrenal Cortex
(furthest from
center)

Cortisol
(Glucocorticoid)

Adrenal Cortex
(closer to middle)

Androgens
(testosterone,
estradiol)

adrenal cortex
(middle)

T3/T4

thyroid

-Alpha receptors:
vasoconstrict veins,
decrease motility of
smooth muscle in GI
-glycogenolysis in
liver
-decrease
insulin/glucagon
release
-inhibit cAMP/PKA
-Beta receptors:
- activate cAMP/PKA
-increase cardiac
ouput, dilate skeletal
muscle, bronchiolar
dilation
-increase activity of
Na/K pump in
collecting duct
-more Na
reabsorption, wastes
K+
-raises blood pressure
-increase energy to
deal with stress
-increase
gluconeogenesis
-muscle, liver, fat:
resistance to insulin
-fat: increased
lipolysis
-muscle: less protein
synthesis
-suppress immune
response (steroids)
-increase contractility
of blood vessels/heart
-increase GFR/RPF
-plays role in puberty,
development of
2ndary sex
characteristics (hair,
sweat glands)
-fetal development
(brain and skeleton)
-basal metabolic rate

(+) Wolf: fear,

exercise, low blood
sugar, illness, low
blood O2, bleeding

(+) high serum K+

(+) Angiotensin II
- work by increasing
[Ca2+]intra,
transcription of final
enzyme in synthesis
(+)CRH from
hypothalamus
(+)ACTH from a.
pituitary

(+) TSH

Glucagon

alpha islet cells

Insulin

beta islet cells

Somatostatin

delta islet cells

Pancreatic
polypeptide

F cells aka F
these cells

(+)
-increases adrenaline
production
-increases effects of
b-adrenergic
receptors in heart,
adipose, skeletal)
-increase heart
contraction, output
- more energy
everywhere (more
glycogen breakdown,
more glucose
absorption, lipolysis)
- transcriptional
effects
-make energy
available between
meals
-increase
glycogenolysis in
liver,
gluconeogenesis,
amino acid uptake
-energy storage
(glucose, amino
acids, fatty acids)
-liver, adipose,
muscle
- insertion of GLUT
upon binding of
receptor
- stimulate
protein/triglyceride
synthesis
- inhibit
gluconeogenesis
-the pope of nope
- has effects on GI,
affects other insulin
cells

(-) glucose
(-) somatostatin

(+) high glucose

levels (sensed by
glucokinase; also
increases
transcription of
insulin gene
responsible for
sustained production)
(+) parasympathetic
(-) somatostatin
(-) sympathetic