AVALON Direct English Book | Third Edition An English Language Course for Elementary Level Study Nick Ferguson, Andrew Leishman, Andrew Day Cover design Alex Chilton Nick Ferguson Published by Avalon Book Company LimitedThanks | | | We would like to thank all the teachers at Avalon School of English. We particularly acknowledge Adrian Lee, Michelle Maxom and Paul Weeks. Published by The Avalon Book Company Limited. 8 Denmark Street, London WC2H 8LS © Avalon Book Company, Limited, 1999 Third impression 2007 Printed in the UK by Cambridge University Press Copyright The law allows a reader to make a single copy of part of a book for purpose of private study. It does not allow the copying of entire books or the making of multiple copies of extracts. Written permission for any such copying must always be obtained from the ° publisher in advance.General Contents 7 30 41 50 65 oe 87 98 112 128 129 170 Unit | Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Appendix Exercises Index Grammar Contents 12 12 23 25 26 38 39 39 41 42 48 SL 54 56 Regular plurals ‘To be - present simple ‘To be - questions, positive, negative ‘There is ..., there are ... How many ... Possessive ‘s’ (1) Inregolar plurals Questions with “do” - present simple Questions with ‘does’ - present simple Negative answers Nouns Verbs Adjectives Present continuous Present simple and present continuous ‘The gerund (1) - after verbs Countable and uncountable nouns Adverbs ‘The gerund (2) - after prepositions 37 63 66 67 68 10 n R nD 1 1B 19 83 89 92 93 BSERE 98 98 99 100 103 107 108 109 110 Wi 120 121 127 128 Infinitive verbs Some and any Pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive ‘s? (2) Comparatives (1) Anything, something, nothing Someone, anyone, no one Questions with ‘have got” Contractions Past simple Negative sentences in past simple Inregular verbs - past simple Years, dates and numbers: Future simple - will Apostrophe Comparatives (2) Subject + verb + object Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive pronouns Verb forms Irregular verb forms Present perfect (1) Been Present perfect (2) Present perfect and past simple “To go” and ‘to be’ in the present perfect Superlatives (1) Superlatives (2) Inregular comparatives and superlatives ‘Superlatives and the present perfect If (zero and first conditional) Present perfect (3) Future intention (going to) Irregular verb forms (complete list)Unit 1 ean Unit 1 Hello My name is ... What is ...? Your name is ... Q. Hello, my name is... What is your name ? A. My name is Q. What is my name ? A, Your name is Q. What is your name ?* A. My name is What is it ? 7a pencil n apen na book Itis a pencil. It isa pen, It is a book. Q. What is it? A. Itisa pencil Q. What is it? A. Itisapen. Q. What is it? A. Iisa book. na table nachair 2a picture Q. What is it? A, Itisa table. Q. Whatis it? A Iisa. », a door n alight , awindow Q. What is it? A, Itisa.. ». a floor , awall » aceiling Q. What is it? A, Itisa.. © Avalon Book Company Ltd.,, 1999Is ita...? Yes itis a Q. Isitabook? A. Yes, itis a book. Q. Isitapen? A. Yes, itis a pen. Q. Isita..? A. Yes, itis my your his her What is your name ? ss What is my name ? What is his name ? ‘What is her name ? ees Is my name ...? Yes, your name is .. SA Is your name... ? Yes, my name is... > Is his / her name ... ? Yes, his / her name is . aS v tobe na student ». a teacher 2 aman 2 awoman Tam 1am a teacher. you are You are a student. he is He is a man, she is She is a woman. itis Itis a pen, © Are you a student ? Yes, I am a student, Am La teacher? ‘Yes, you are a teacher. Is he/she a student ? ‘Yes, he/she is a student. = AS At Ishe aman? Yes, he is a man, aS Is she a woman? Yes, she is a woman. at © Avalon Book Company Lid., 1999 iti L.2. Q. ee es numbers » humber 1 one 6 six 2 two 7 seven 3 three 8 eight 4 four 9 nine 5 five 10 ten v to count from... to... Count to ten, please. Count from one to ten, please. in on the a classroom Is the book on the table? Yes, the book is on the table. Is the picture on the wall ? Is the table in the classroom ? plurals Book = singular. (1 book) Books = plural. (2,3,4 ... books) Is it singular ? Is it plural ? singular plural tobe tobe tam we are you are you are he/she/it is they are Are we in the classroom ? Axe you students ? Are they chairs? Are they students ? please We are in the classroom. You are students. They are chairs. © Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999ee as Se AB AD AS AD aS 1 12 13 14 15 eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen 16 17 18 19 20 sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty Count from eleven to twenty, please Count from one to twenty, please, aarm n leg a hand What is it ? Itis your... (x 4) What is it ? Itis my . Is it my/your ...? ‘What are they ? n face n, nose n ears mouth eyes o hair What is it? Itis your... (x 6) Is it my/your ... 2 question (?) AmI...2 ‘Are you ...? Is he/she ...? Isit..2 Are we ‘Are you ‘Are they Q Ishea student? +A. Yes, he is a student. -A. No, he is not a student. eg: “A. Am Ia student ? No, you are not a student. Are you a teacher? No, am not a teacher. Is ita book ? No, itis not a book. +A. a Unit 1 a head* negative (-) Jam not ‘You are not ... He/She is not ... Itis not... ‘We are not ‘You are not ... ‘They are not ... ‘Are they books ? Yes, they are books. No, they are not books. © Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999but eg. Lam nota student, but I am a teacher. You are not a teacher, but you are a student. Itis not a chair, but it is a table. Isita table? No, it isn’ta table, but it is a chair, Is ita wall? No, it is not a wall, but it is a table. Am La student ? ‘Are you a teacher ? Ishe a woman ? Is she aman? See eS AS AS Are they teachers ? Where ... ? tam from... Where is he from ? He is from Japan. Where am I from ? ‘You are from Where are you from ? lam from ... Where is he from ? He is from ... Where is she from ? She is from ... Where is the light ? ‘The light is on the ceiling, Where is the pen ? ‘The pen is on the table. Where is the picture ? ‘The picture is on the wall Ae aS AH AD BO AD AD prep. under prep. behind pep. in front of bag Is the book under the chair ? Is the bag on the chair ? Is the table in front of the chair?* Yes... Am I behind the table ? Yes... Ap AE © © © Avalon Book Comnany Ltd. 1999. |eeee See AS ape ae AD Where is your bag ? Where is your book ? Where am 1? or Is ita pen or a pencil ? Itisa... Are you are man or a woman ? ‘Am La teacher or a student ? Are you from England or ... ? Is the pen on the table or under the table ? n city », London eg. London is a ity. England is a country. London is in England. » country England Is London a city or a country ? London is a city. Where is London ? London is in England. What city are you from ? Where is ... (name of city) (Name of city)... is in... elephant ». mouse ag. big ag. smal An elephant is big but a mouse is sm: England is a small country but London is a big city. Is an elephant big ? Is a mouse small ? Is England a big country or a small country ? Is London a sinall city 2 n Brazil ag. hot Brazil is a big, hot country. Scotland is a small, cold country. a Scotland aq, COld Is Brazil a hot country ? © Avalon Rook Comnany Tid 1000Q. Is Scotland a cold country ? Q. Is your country hot or cold ? ag black ag. White a. board ‘What is it 2* Is the board black or white ? Is it black or white?* Where is the board ? sees ag. clean ag. dirty Is the floor clean ? s Is London a dirty city ? Q. Is your city clean or dirty ? ag, left ag. tight Q. Isit my left hand or my right hand ? ° Is it my left eye or my right eye ? Q. Isithis/her left arm? the opposite of The opposite of yes is no. ‘The opposite of big is small. ‘The opposite of black is white. ‘The opposite of clean is dirty. ‘What is the opposite of big ? The opposite of big is small. What is the opposite of black ? The opposite of black is white. What ig the opposite of left ? What is the opposite of hot ? See Aw AD What is the opposite of clean ? © Avalon Book Company Ltd.. 1999. |eae eos ae sees there is... there are... question (?) positive (+) negative (-) singuer Is there a... Yes, there isa... No, there is not a phir Are there ... 2 Yes, there ate... No there are not ... eg. Q. Is there a book on the table ? +A. Yes, there is a book on the table. -A. No, there is not a book on the table. Q. Are there chairs in the classroom ? +A. Yes, there are chairs in the classroom. -A. No, there are not chairs in the classroom. Is there a book on the table ? Is there a teacher in the classroom ? Are there students in the classroom ? Is there a book in my hand ? No, there is not .. Are there books in your bag ? how many books Q. Howmany | pens are there ? windows A. (gst) There is one book/window/pen. ‘A. (gh) There are 2,3,4 books / pens / windows: How many students are there in the classroom ? There are ..... students in the classroom. How many pictures are there on the wall ? How many teachers are there in the classroom ? How many chairs are there in the classroom ? How many doors are there in the classroom ? law Rank Cammans Ted 1000. |The Alphabet ABCDEFGHIJ KLM NOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz » alphabet o letter ‘There are 26 letters in the English alphabet Q. How many letters are there in the English alphabet ? Q. What are they ? A, They atea, b, ¢, .. ». word “Book” is a word “Dirty” is a word. “Where” is a word. ‘There are four letters in the word “book”. There are five letters in the word “dirty.” © How many letters are there in the word “BOOK” ? © How many letters are there in the word “WINDOW” ? @Q. How many letters are there in the word “ELEPHANT”? n_ sentence The book is on the table. = sentence There are six words in the sentence “The book is on the table.” ° ‘How many words are there in the sentence : “The book is on the table”? | s How many words are there in the sentence : “London is a big city”? Q. How many words are there in the sentence : “The students are in the classroom.” ? a. vowel », consonant ‘There are 5 vowels in the English alphabet. The English vowels are : A,E,1,0,U. How many vowels are there in the alphabet ? ‘There are five vowels in the alphabet. ‘What are the English vowels ? The English vowels are A,E,1,0,U. Is the letter a a vowel ? Yes, the letter a is a vowel. Is the letter b a consonant ? Yes, the letter b is a consonant, Is the letter e a consonant ? No, the letter e is not a consonant, but it is a vowel. Ap Aw RE AK AD © Avalnn Rank Canmeny Td 1900 |ee ee ss SS SS aS ° sees v to say Say your name. Say my name. Say the letters .. BV EA P/F UR SIZ K/Q Gi VW OU » to spell ‘We spell the word “pen”, P-E-N. Say the word window. Spell the word window. Say the word country. Spell the word country. Say the word ceiling. Spell the word ceiling. Say your name, Spell your name. a. day in week There are seven days in a week. The days of the week are : Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday How many days are there in a week ? ‘What are the days of the week ? The days of the week ate ... n today What day is it today ? Is today Saturday ? Is it hot or cold today ? and Brazil and England are countries. London and Paris are cities. Are London and Paris cities ? Are 6 and 7 numbers ? Are A and E vowels ? Are Monday and Tuesday days of the week ? Unit 1se ae sees ae as seep ae se ap ses between Tuesday is between Monday and Wednesday. 5 is between 4 and 6. Is Tuesday between Monday and Wednesday ? Yes, Tuesday is between Monday and Wednesday. Is 5 between 4 and 6? Is ¥ between X and Z? before after Monday is before Tuesday. Wednesday is after Tuesday. Ais before B. Cis after B, Is Friday before Saturday ? Yes, Friday is before Saturday. Is Wednesday after Tuesday ? Yes, Wednesday is after Tuesday. Is A before B 2 Is Cafter B? Is 12 before 13 ? Is 14 after 13 2 which ? Which letter is between A and C 2 Bis between A and C, Which day is between Friday and Sunday ? Which day is before Wednesday ? ‘Tuesday is before Wednesday. Which day is after Wednesday ? Thursday... Which letter is after B ? Which letter is before B ? Which number is after 13 ? Which number is before 13 ? Who ? Who are you? Who am 1? Who is he/she ? © Ayala Rank Camnany Ftd 1000 }Q. Who is in the classroom today ? Q. Who are your teachers ? exercise Yes or no? sewer aee en Are you a student ? Is your teacher a woman ? ‘Are you from England ? Is there a bag under your chair? Is the word ‘book’ singular? Js the word ‘chairs’ singular? Is it Saturday today ? Is amouse a big animal ? Is Brazil a hot country ? Is yes the opposite of no?Unit 2 ee ane eeeeoes ee es se Unit 2 the months of the year January February March May June July September October November There are 12 months in a year. How many months are there in a year ? What are the months of the year ? The months of the year are .. Which month is between September and November ? Which month is after April ? now Which country are you from ? Which country are you in now ? Where is the pen? ‘Where is the pen now ? Is it June now? Is it hot or cold in your country now ? the four seasons Spring Summer Autumn What are the four seasons ? Which season is it now ? Is it cold in summer ? Is January in winter ? ‘Are July and August in winter ? April August December Winter ‘© Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999eeeeee © eeeees Unit 2 ag first ag Vast eg. Ais the first letter of the alphabet. Zis the last letter of the alphabet. What is the first letter of the alphabet ? What is the last letter of the alphabet ? What is the last month of the year ? What is the first day of the week ? What is the last day of the week ? What is the first letter of your name ? a/an a umbrella We say a mouse but we say an elephant. We say a book but we say an umbrella. ‘We say ‘a’ before a consonant but we say ‘an’ before a vowel Is a mouse small ? Is an elephant big ? Is there an umbrella in the classroom ? » animal ». dog acat A cat is an animal. A dog is an animal We say an before the word animal - an animal Is a mouse an animal ? Is a mouse a small animal ? Is an elephant an animal ? Is an elephant a small animal ? Isa dog an animal ? Isa cat an animal ? Numbers from 20 to 100 30 =thirty 40 = forty 60=sixty 70=seventy 90=ninety 100 = one hundred Say the number: 40 82 33 55 71 22 @ Avalon Rook Camnamy T td 1999 ‘Unit 2 n address house/ flat number + street / road + city + postcode + country exercise My address is: (number and street/road) (city) (posteode) (country) Q. What is your address ? Q. What is the address of this school ? Q. What is his/her address * nsecond minute —» hour eg. 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day * Q. How many seconds are there in one minute ? Q. How many minutes are there in one hour ? Q. Are there 24 hours in a day ? the time o'clock five to five past ten to ten past (a) quarter to (a) quarter past | twenty to twenty past twenty-five to twenty-five past half past clock a. watch Q. Is there a clock in the classroom ? Q. Isa watch big or small ? @ Isaclock big or small ? © Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999aS seeeees 3.00 = three o’elock Q. What time is it ? A. It is three o’elock. What time is it 7* 3.10 = ten past three Itis ten past three, What time is it 2* 3.50 = ten to four It is ten to four. What time is it 2* 1/4 =a quarter 4.15 = quarter past four What time is it 2* What time is it now ?* ». colour What colour ... ? blue _yellow orange grey red green brown pink NB. My chair is blue. NOT My chairisbhre-coteut: What colour is your chair ? My chair is blue. What colour is the floor ? What colour are the chairs ? What colour is his/her pen ? Is my book blue ? Are the walls blue ? What colour is your hair ? What colour are your eyes ? 1 dualon R. 4.45 = quarter to five seine | | artn Shoes (pura n. 8OCKS (ptrah a shirt a jumper n jacket 1. tOUSEFS (iran n. Jeans (pire The words trousers and jeans are plural. We say his trousers are blue, NOT histrousers-is-bine: What colour are his/her shoes ? His/her shoes are ... What colour is his/her shirt ? What colour are his/her trousers ? What colour are his/her socks ? What colour is his/her jumper ? What colour is his/her jacket ? Is his jacket yellow ? Are his trousers orange ? Q. A. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. @ Are they trousers or jeans ? this that What colour is this pen ? (teacher's pen) That pen is .. What colour is that pen ? (student's pen) This pen is... Is the board on this wall ? (teacher stands by board) Yes, the board is on that wall. am Aw AO here there My book is here on the table. ‘The light is there on the ceiling, We are here in this classroom. My book is here. Where is your book ? My book is here. Your chair is there. Where is my chair ? Your chair is there. ‘Where is your pen ? Where is the door ? Where is the window ? Is (student’s name) here today ? Where are you from ? Is it hot there ? eee eee ao as © Avalon Bank Camnany Ltd. 1999seeeoe eseees ARB ee AD eeees these The plural of this is these. eg. These books are blue. ‘What is the plural of ‘this’ ? What is the plural of ‘that’ ? ‘What colour are these shoes ? ‘What colour are those shoes ? Are these chairs yellow ? Whose ? Whose pen is this ? It is your pen. Whose book is that ? Whose bag is that ? Whose shoes are those ? ‘They are those ‘The plural of that is those. eg. Those students are from Japan. ‘Whose book is that ? It is John’s book. = It is his book, Whose pens are those ? They are Anna’s pens. = Is that ... ’s book ?* What colour are ... ’s shoes ? Is this the teacher’s chair ? What colour are ...’s eyes ? What colour is ...’s hair? a. thing eg. This thing is a table.* ‘That thing is a light.* What is this thing ?* ‘What is that thing ?* What colour is this thing ? What colour is that thing ? hey are her pens. i i | |Q. Q. a. A eepensee esepes see es person Are you a person or a thing ? Is it person or a thing ? Who is that person ? He/She is regular plurals 1 book 3 books 1 chair 7 chairs 1 student 12 students 1 Books, chairs and students are regular plurals, irregular plurals ‘men’ is an irregular plural: 1 man 2 men ‘women’ is an irregular plural: 1 woman 2women ‘people’ is an irregular plural: 1 person 2 people What is the plural of man ? What is the plural of woman ? What is the plural of person ? How many men are there in this classroom ? How many women are there in this classroom ? How many people are there in this classroom ? a. family 1». mother n father n parents What is your mother’s name ? ‘What is your father’s name ? What are your parents’ names ? Where is your family from ? How many people are there in your family ? ag. old ag. young How old ... How old are you ? How old is your mother ? Is your father young ? How old is he? Am old? © Avalon Book Company Ltd.. 1999 {seen eseseeeeose a boy n girl » child/children n adult » teenager A teenager is a young person between thirteen and nineteen, Children is an irregular plural, What is the plural of child ? Isa teenager a young person ? Are there children in this room ? Are we adults ? Are you a baby ? Are there children in your family ? Are there babies in your family ? How many boys and girls are there in your family ? big numbers 100 =a hundred 135 =a hundred and thirty-five 1,000 = a thousand 5,372 = five thousand three hundred and seventy two. 1,000,000 = a million NB. Not three mittens (plural), but three million. Say these numbers: 101 133 1200 1283 42,619 6,000,000 80,000,000 about ‘There are about 60 million people in Britain. About four hundred students come to this school. About how many students come to this school ? About how many people are there in your country ? About how old am 1? About how old is he/she ? Q.= question 4. = answer Question : What colour is the board ? Answer: ‘The board is white. Question : Where is London ? Answer : London is in England. o. baby Unit 2 @ Avalon Bank Camnans Fed 1000 i i 4 1 1 tae castors rtidaniieneneerees AS AE AE AD » toask with We ask a question, ‘We ask questions with the words : what, where, which, who, how many, how old. eg. What is your name? Where are you from ? How many students are there in the classroom ? ‘Ask (student's name) a question with the word ‘what’ Ask (student’s name) a question with the word ‘where’. Ask (student’s name) a question with the words ‘how many’ Ask (student’s name) a question with the words ‘how old’ v to have Thave you have he / she has ithas we have you have they have eg. Ihave a pen. You have brown eyes. He has a bag. She has black hair. J! he/shelithas NOT hefshefithave questions with ‘do’ (I, you, we, they) We ask questions with the word ‘do’ (1, you, we, they) Question: Do Ihave a pen ? Answer: Yes, Ihave a pen Do I have a book ? Do you have an umbrella ? Do we have pens ? Do they have bags ? e200 Do I have a book ? Yes, you have a book. Do you have a pen ? Yes, [havea pen, Do we have chairs ? Yes, we have chairs. Do they have bags ? Yes, they have bags. © Avalon Book Comnany Lid,, 1999s seep eons Fe Fo Do Ihave ... hair ?* Do I have... eyes * Do you have black or brown hair ?* Do you have blue or brown eyes ?* Do they have brown/blue/green eyes ?* ad long ag, Short What is the opposite of long ? Do I have long or short hair ? Do you have long or short hair ? questions with ‘does’ (he, she, it) ‘We ask questions with the word ‘does? (he, she, it) Question: Does he havea pen? NOT Berhehavewpen ? Answer: Yes,hehasapen. NOT ¥es-he-havew-pen- Q Does she have long hair ? Q. Does the classroom have four walls ? Does he have a pen ? Yes, he has a pen, Does she have a bag ? Yes, she has a bag. Does he/she have a book ? Does the classroom have four walls ? Does he/she have long or short hair ? ‘Does he/she have brown/blue/green eyes ?* Does he/she have black/brown/blond hair ?* ‘What colour hair does he/she have ? ‘What colour eyes does he/she have ? negative answers. ‘We say negative answers with ‘do not’ (I, you, we, they) Q Do I/you/welthey have black hair ? +A. Yes liwe/you/they have black hair, -A._ No I/you/welthey do not have black hair. i ' | i i;We say negative answers with ‘does not” (he, she, it) Q Does he/she have black hair ? +A. Yes he/she has black hair NOT ¥eshehave ... -A. No he/she does not have black hair. NOT Nerhe-does-nothas ... Do! havea bag ? Do I have an umbrella ? Do you have blue/brown eyes ?* Do you have long/short hair ?* Does he/she have blue/brown eyes ?* ‘Does he/she have black/brown hair ?* Does he/she have long/short hair ?* Does the classroom have red walls ? Do we have yellow chairs ? Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. 2. Q. Do they have umbrellas ? n house garden n flat swimming pool Q. Do you have a house or a flat in your country ? S Does your house/flat have a garden ? Q. Is there a swimming pool in your city ? home ». school at home = in your house —_—_at school = in the school Are you at home ? No, 1 am not at home, but I am at school | Do you have pictures at home ? Do you have a swimming pool at home ? ee 8 AS Do you have a garden at home ? . computer » car 7 telephone n television Is there a television in the classroom ? ‘Do you have a television at home ? Is there a computer in the classroom ? Do have a computer at home ? se es @ Avalan Roak Comnany Ltd, 1999eS eee Ses see se Do you have a car? Do you have a telephone ? Where is it 2* Do you have a telephone in your bag ? a sister ». brother Do you have brothers and sisters ? How many do you have ? What is your brother’s name ? What colour hair does he have ? What colour eyes does he have ? What is your sister’s name ? What colour hair does she have ? What colour eyes does she have ? exercise PA AA AYN 10. M. 12. Lam from He is .. Brazil isa .... Italy. county. London is a .. The opposite of hot is The opposite of... The five vowels are... The days of the week are . Today is Bis .Aand C. . Tuesday. is after Tuesday. Monday is exercise man. umbrella. mouse is elephant is white, animal. big animal. My shirt 16. His jeans .. blue. Te Qe nnn YOU Have a BOOK ? AL YO, Tossnnsne BOOK. 8B. Qe snsnnen She have a bag ? A. Yes, she abag. 9. Qe snes they have umbrellas ? A No, they. sees have umbrellas. 10. Qe sssnnuun She have a telephone in her bag ? AL NO, She ssersts NOt susnnsee 8 telephone in her bag. exercise Answer with a sentence. os Where are you from ? What is the opposite of black ? Which day is before Saturday ? Which day is after Tuesday ? Do you have a car? Does your mother have a computer ? | { | { © Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999 |its) ese epeoeesns ASS aS AS aL Unit 3 a job teacher —_». policeman (police officer) n doctor dentist ntaxi driver» secretary eg. Ihave a job. lama teacher. My mother has a job. She is a doctor. Do I have a job ? Yes, you have a job. ‘What is my job ? You are a teacher, Does your mother have a job ? What is her job ? Do you have a job? What is your job ? Tama... Does he/she have a job? - Ask. What is his job ? - Ask. » touse gun a fax Tuse you use he/she uses it uses we use you use they use eg. Lama teacher. I use a pen, a book and a board in the classroom. ‘My mother is a secretary . She uses a computer, a telephone and a fax in her job. My father is a policeman, He uses a gun in his job. What do I use in the classroom ? What does a secretary use in her job ? Does a policeman use a gun in his job ? Does a doctor use a gun in his/her job ? Do we use a computer in the classroom ? What does a taxi driver use in his job? What do you use in the classroom ?| J! We use ‘do’ in questions with I, you, we, they. | We use ‘do not’ in negative answers with I, you, we, they. | We use ‘does’ in questions with he, she, it. ‘We use “does not’ in negative answers with he, she, it. Q. Who uses a gun in his/her job ? Who uses the board in the classroom ? ss Who is from (a country) in the classroom ?* n bed o bath room » bedroom « bathroom vo. living room Do you have a house or a flat ? ‘How many rooms are there in your house/flat ? Is there a bed in the classroom ? Do you have a bed in your bedroom ? Is there a bath in the classroom ? Do you have a bath in your bathroom ? Do you have a living room in your house/flat ? © Ss Se SH SS Where is the television in your house/flat ? « to like Like you like he/she likes we like you like they like Do you like your house/flat ? Do you like a clean bed? Do you like a dirty bathroom ? Do you like my shirt/trousers/jumper ? eeees Do you like the chairs in your living room ? ntea coffee milk What colour is milk ? Do you like tea ? Do you like coffee ? sees i ® Avalon Book Company Lid., 1999 |ae Ae se ss Se EE ESS see with without » Sugar coffee with milk coffee without milk black coffee What is white coffee ? White coffee is coffee with milk. What is black coffee ? Black coffee is coffee without milk. Do you like black coffee ? Do you like tea/coffee with or without sugar ? » to prefer I like coffee but I prefer tea. I like cats but I prefer dogs. Do you prefer cats or dogs ? Do you prefer tea or coffee ? Do you prefer my shirt or your shirt ? « toeat to drink an. food a. water a. bread n wine o. tice What colour is wine ? Do you like wine ? Do you eat rice ? Do you drink wine ? Which do you prefer, red wine or white wine ? Do you eat bread ? Which do you prefer, white bread or brown bread ? aq, good agi bad Are you a good student ? Do you have good wine in your country ? Is it a good picture or a bad picture ?* v. to think I think it is a good picture. (teacher points) Question : ‘What do you think ? Positive answer: I think it is a good picture. Negative answer : I do not think it is a good picture.Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. ee SEE SEES se aS eS I think English food is good. - What do you think ? I don’t think England is a cold country ? - What do you think ? Do you think itis a good picture ?* What do you think * Do you think he/she is a good student ? very quite ‘An clephant is a very big animal. England is quite cold. Is an elephant a very big animal ? Do you think a mouse is a very small animal ? Do you think it is hot or cold today ? Quite hot/cold or very hot/cold ? Do you think itis a good picture ? Quite good/bad or very good/bad ? Do you think London is quite big or very big? Do you think your country is big or small ? Quite big/small or very big/small ? n flag* Does your country have a flag? What colour is it? What colour is this flag ? That flag is blue and white. Is the flag of your country in this picture ? Which flag is it ? ». country ».nationality England British America American Brazil Brazilian Japan Japanese Korea Korean Poland Polish Colombia Colombian Italy Italian China Chinese | » language English English Portuguese Japanese Korean Polish Spanish Italian Chinese © Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999 | | |» to speak I speak English, He speaks French. ‘An English person speaks English. A Colombian person speaks Spanish. What language do I speak ? What language do you speak ? What language does a Polish person speak ? What language does a Spanish person speak ? Does a French person speak Japanese ? Do you speak French ? What language does he/she speak ? - Ask. eeseseeoe so eg. don’t like milk, so I prefer black coffee. Lam from England, so I am British and I speak English, He is from Colombia, so he is Colombian and he speaks Spanish. ‘Where are you from ? lam... So, what nationality are you and what language do you speak ? Lam... and I speak... Where is he/she from ? He / she is from... So, what nationality is he/she and what language does he/she speak ? He/she is ... and he/she speaks ... ABAD AAS home = your house/flat_ at home = in your house at school = in the schooV/classroom Are you at home ? So, where are you ? Do you speak English at home ? So, what language do you speak at home ? se eo v to go (there) v. to come (here) eg. We come here to speak English. We go home after school. He comes here on Mondays. He does not come here on Saturdays. J! We say he goes, she goes, it goes. Q. Do you come here on Mondays ? @. Do you come here on Sundays ? & dualan Rank Cannan tet 1000 HeQ. Q. Qo. a. 2. Q. a. Q. Q. ee ee ae ae ass Do you go home after school ? Where do you go after schoo! ? breakfast » morning When ... ? n lunch » afternoon n dinner >» evening eg. We have breakfast im the morning, We have lunch in the afternoon. We have dinner in the evening. J! We have breakfast, lunch and dinner, When do you have breakfast ? When do you have lunch ? When do you have dinner ? Do you have breakfast at home ? Do you eat dinner there ? Do you come here in the morning or the afternoon ? Does he/she have breakfast/Iunch before he/she comes here ? - Ask. a, always = 100 % aa, never = 0% aa. ever - We use ever in questions. Q. Do you ever have breakfast in the evening ? ‘No, I never have breakfast in the evening, but | always have breakfast in the morning. Do you ever have breakfast in the evening ? No, I never have breakfast in the evening. Do you ever have lunch in the afternoon ? Yes, I always have lunch in the afternoon. Do you ever come to school on Saturdays ? Do you ever speak English in the classroom ? Do you ever use a computer in the classroom ? Do you ever have lunch in the classroom ? ad Sometimes = 10 - 50 % ». restaurant ad. usually = 80% usually have dinner at home, but sometimes | have dinner in a restaurant. I don’t always drink tea for breakfast. I usually drink tea, but I sometimes drink coffee. Do you usually have dinner at home or in a restaurant? Do you always have dinner at home ? ‘No, I do not always have dinner at home, but sometimes I have dinner in a restaurant. © Avalon Book Company Lt |ee ss eee eerese se ee se sees What do you usually drink with your breakfast ? Do you always drink ... with your breakfast ? What language do you usually speak at home ? Do you always speak ... at home ? Use always, usually, sometimes or never in your answers Do you ever come to school on Mondays ? Do you ever speak your language at home ? Do you ever drink wine with your dinner ? Do you ever eat lunch here in the school ? Does the teacher ever speak your language in the classroom ? Do you ever eat dinner in a restaurant ? Does he/she ever use a computer at home ? - Ask. Does he/she ever eat rice for breakfast ? - Ask. Does he/she ever use a gun? - Ask. >. music tock heavy metal_ classical pop jazz opera ag favourite kind(s) of eg. Dogs, cats, elephants and mice are kinds of animals. 1 quite like cats and dogs, but my favourite animals are clephants. eg. Rock, pop and classical are kinds of music. I quite like jazz and classical, but my favourite music is pop. What kinds of animals do you like ? What is your favourite animal ? What kinds of music do you like ? What is your favourite music ? What is your favourite kind of car ? What is his/her favourite colour ? - Ask. v to listen (to) radio eg. I listen to music on the radio, listen to music in my car. Do you have a radio ? Do you ever listen to music on the radio ? What kind of music do you usually listen to ? Do you ever listen to heavy metal ? a Fed 1000)r | = | Q. Do you ever listen to classical music ? Q. Does he/she ever listen to pop music ? - Ask* exercise What kind of music do we listen to ? | teacher student usually (Favourite) ccsnnnnmnne sometimes sometimes never { « to watch television a film ». sport n the news eg. [usually watch television in the evening. We watch the news on television. Do you have a television ? Do you ever watch sport on television ? What kind of sport ? Do you ever watch films on television ? Do you ever watch the news on television ? What is his/her favourite film ? - Ask Does he/she like sport ? - Ask. ‘What is his/her favourite sport ?- Ask. sees eo eee » to understand | Do you understand English radio ? Do you understand English television ? Do youunderstand the news in English ? Do you always understand me ? Do you think men understand women ? | Do you think women understand men ? Do you ever listen to English music ? ‘When you listen to English music, do you always understand the words ? se sper es © Avalon Book Company Ltd., 1999}og Aifficult a. lesson ? This question is easy. ‘This is an English lesson. 447x375 =? This question is difficult. Do you think it is easy to understand your language ? Do you think it is easy to understand English ? Do you always come to the lesson ? Do you think this lesson is quite easy 7 Is it easy to use a telephone ? Is it difficult to use a computer ? Do you think my job is easy or difficult ? Very easy/difficult or quite easy/difficult ? seseeepeens the same(as) ag. different eg. English and American people are different, but they speak the same language. Idon’t speak the same language as you but I speak a different language. Is your flag the same as the British flag ? Is your language the same as English ? Do we speak the same language ? Is this chair the same colour as that chair ? Is classical music the same as pop music ? eee eee Do you always have the same thing for breakfast ? aa generally = usually What language do you generally speak at home ? I generally speak ... What language do you speak at this school ? What do you generally have for breakfast ? eee AD What kind of music do you generally listen to ? n noun The word elephant is a noun. The word table is a noun. J! We use nouns for things. The word people is a plural noun, Q. Is the word mouse a noun ? Is the word cat a noun? Is it a singular or plural noun ? Se duninn Rank Conmany VidQ. Q. s sees sees seeee Is the word chairs a noun ? Is ita singular or plural noun ? n, action To listen is an action. To eat is an action. To drink is an action. Is to eat an action ? Is to listen an action ? Is to drink an action ? Is to speak an action ? a verb 1! We use verbs for actions. Is to listen a verb ? Isto eat a verb ? Is the word elephant a verb ? So, what is it? I watch television. to watch = verb television = noun [listen to music. to listen = verb music = noun ‘What is the verb in these sentences ? I come to school Tuse a book at school. This flag is red, white and blue. You are a student. a. adjective ‘The words big and small, clean and dirty, hot and cold are adjectives. 1! We usually use adjectives before nouns. eg. Scotland is a cold country. He has a big dog. Is the word big an adjective ? Is the word hot an adjective ? Is the word red an adjective ? Is the word gun an adjective ? Is the word listen an adjective ? © Avalon Book Company Ltd. 1999= tit 3 Q. What are the adjectives in these sentences ? a. Brazil is a big, hot country, b. My shoes are clean, ¢. An elephant is a big animal. She likes brown sugar in her coffee. Q. What is the verb in this sentence ? Q. What are the two nouns in this sentence ? Q. What is the adjective in this sentence ? exercise Which of these words are adjectives, verbs or nouns ? be flag like horrible have Tuesday easy blue think understand girl dirty alphabet policeman different adjective verb noun © Avalon Book Comnany 11d 1900Unit 4 Unit 4 « to teach » to study Q. Do you teach English ? Q. Dolstudy English ? Q. What language does he/she study ? Q. Do you ever study English at home ? present continuous We use the present continuous for an action we are doing now. eg. Lam teaching. (now) ‘You are studying. (now) present continuous of the verb to listen subject tobe verb + ing 1 am listening you are listening he/she is listening we are listening you are listening they are listening Q._ Are you listening to me? +A. Yes, 1am listening to you. Q. Are you watching television ? -A. No, I am not watching television, Q. Are you speaking English ? A. Yes, Lam speaking English. Q. Are you speaking (student’s language) ? A. No, Il amnot speaking Q. Are you studying English ? A. Yes, Lam studying English. Q. AmI speaking English ? A. Yes, you are speaking English, Q. Are you listening to me ? A. Yes, lam listening to you. Q. Are you watching television ? A. No, Tam not watching television. @ dunlan Rank Camnany tid 1900 |v to sit « to stand Are you sitting or standing ? Am I sitting or standing ? Where are you sitting ? sees Who is sitting between (student name) and (student name) ? present simple and present continuous ‘The present simple and the present continuous are different. We use the present simple for an action we do generally. eg. [drink tea in the morning. We use the present continuous for an action we are doing now. eg. Lam sitting on the chair. Lam not using a computer now, buf Luse a computer at home. Lam not watching television now, but I usually watch television in the evening, ‘Are you listening to the radio ? Do you ever listen to the radio ? Are you watching TV ? Do you ever watch TV in the evenings ? Are you drinking cofiee ? Do you drink coffee for breakfast 2 Ishe using a computer ? ‘What does he use in the classroom ? Are you speaking (student’s language) ? Do you speak (student’s language) ? © se Se SS SE SH Listen to these sentences - are they ‘simple’ or ‘continuous’ Lam speaking to you. I speak English I watch television in the evening, They are listening to me. Lam eating bread. I cat breakfast in the morning. When do we use the present simple ? We use the present simple for an action we do generally. Say a sentence in the present simple. When do we use the present continuous ? ‘We use the present continuous for an action we are doing now. Sao se aS Say a sentence in the present continuous.9. ag. tight ag, wrong There is five chairs. - wrong ‘There are five chairs, - right brekfist - wrong spelling breakfast - right spelling Tam speak English. - wrong Jam speaking English. - right Listen to these sentences : are they right or wrong ? ‘The plural of person is persons. The plural of person is people. Ais after B. Cis after B. Tam speak English. Tam speaking English, Tam sit ona chair, [am sitting on a chair. a. sees ase AS Foo Js this the right spelling ?7* i, Wensday ii. wich. iii, brakefast iv, vegetable London is in England, Am I right ? Paris is in Germany, Am I right ? Where is Tokyo ? Is he/she right ? why ? because ‘We use why in questions and because in answers Question: Why do you drink black coffee ? Answer: — Because I don’t like milk. Why are you here ? Because I am studying English. ‘The plural of man is mans. Is that right ? Why is it wrong ? Because the plural of man ... Tam teach English ? Is that right ? Why is it wrong ? Because we say ... v. ciling et 7000 | |See Sees ° ses eee eS ES kinds of food ao fruit n vegetables » meat a, fish a» apple n potato n beef n orange —». carrot 7. chicken vn. Grink a». tomato », banana a» lettuce n. beer alot of nota lot of English people drink a lot of beer. Japanese people eat a lot of rice. eat a lot of carrots because they are my favourite vegetables. I don’t eat a lot of fish because I don’t like it. Do you eat meat ? Do you prefer chicken or beef? What is your favourite drink ? Do you drink a lot of it ? What is your favourite fruit ? Do you eat a lot of it ? What colour are : a, carrots b. tomatoes _c. lemons ‘Are apples always the same colour ? Do you have a lot of books at home ? ‘About how many ? Are there a lot of cinemas in this city ? toread . Newspaper » magazine Do you read a newspaper ? ‘Which newspaper do you usually read ? Do you ever read English newpapers ? Do you understand English newspapers ? Do you read magazines ? What kind of magazines ? (sport,fashion, music, car) Do you ever read in bed ?re Unit 4 ee RST ree nnn gseeoees ss. x to write (to) » letter n posteard » friend Do you have a lot of friends in this city ? Do you ever go to the cinema/pub with your friends ? Who writes on the board ? Do you ever write letters in English ? Do you ever write postcards to your friends ? Do your friends ever write letters to you ? v to live (in) Lam from Scotland but I live in London. Do you live in a house or a flat ? Where does he/she live ? - Ask! Who lives in the White House ? seeees Which month is it now 2 What is your first name ? Are you studying English ? Do you ever study at home ? Do you eat a lot of fish ? ‘What do you usually drink when you go to the pub ? see ee en » to put akey money —_— pocket wallet [am putting my pen on the table. Iam putting my money in my pocket. What am I doing ? - (pen on table) What am I doing ? - (thing in pocket) Put yout book on the floor. What is he/she doing ? ‘What do you have in your pocket ? ‘Where do you put your money ? How many keys do you have ?