Precise Digital Temperature Controller

Our proposed project consists of digital temperature sensors for more accurate
temperature control in various industries. Our system overcomes the
disadvantages of thermostat/analog systems in terms of accuracy. This system
can be used in baby incubators where it is very important to maintain precise
temperatures.
Incubators are often used for creating temperature controlled suitable
environments for prematurely newborn babies. The system displays
temperature in a LCD display, as soon as the temperature exceeds our set
limit; it automatically switches off the load (heater), to control the temperature.
The heater is demonstrated with the help of a lamp.
The system uses a digital temperature sensor in order to detect temperature
and pass on the data to the microcontroller. The 8051 microcontroller
processes data and sends the temperature to be displayed on LCD screen. The
display consists of 7 segment display unit to display up to 3 numbers.
It consists of 4 push buttons for setting the high and low temperatures.
Pressing set button allows user to increment and decrement high and low
temperatures. After that the system detects temperature and switches the load
when it goes beyond set limits.

Block Diagram:

Hardware Specifications

8051 series Microcontroller

7-Segment Displays

LED

Voltage Regulator

Transformer

Crystal

Push Buttons

Temperature Sensor

Diodes

Relay

Lamp

Software Specifications

Keil Vision IDE

MC Programming Language: Embedded C

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically

operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete
electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as
amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another
circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or
other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts,
instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating
characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits
from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by
digital instruments still called "protective relays".